scholarly journals Qualitative phytochemical analysis of three solvents extracts of some selected macrolichens from Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Andhra Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Devi B. ◽  
Satish Mohabe ◽  
A. Madhusudhana Reddy ◽  
Sanjeeva Nayaka ◽  
A. K. Kulana
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
First Report ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts

Present study analyses the phytochemicals in some selected lichens of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Andhra Pradesh. The lichen species are identified as Heterodermia diademata (Taylor) D.D. Awasthi, Parmotrema andinum (Müll. Arg.) Hale, P. grayanum (Hue) Hale, P. nilgherrense (Nyl.) Hale, P. praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale, P. reticulatum (Taylor) M. Choisy, P. tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale, Parmelinella wallichiana (Taylor) Elix and Hale, Ramalina conduplicans Vain. and Usnea baileyi (Stirt.) Zahlbr. A total of 30 crude extracts in three different solvents such as 2-Propanol, Methanol and Water were prepared. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the occurrence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, proteins and triterpenoides in all the species while alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates and steroids were found in some of the species. Aqueous extracts of all the species did not contain alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates and steroids. Out of 10 species glycosides was present in 8 species, followed by presence of tannins, alkaloids and triterpenoides in 6 species. Flavonoids and proteins were found in 5 species and saponins and carbohydrates were found in 3 species only. Steroides were reported in P. reticulatum and P. andinum. Alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, steroids, tannins and triterpenoides were reported in 2-propanol and methanolic extracts. Saponins were completely lacking in 2-propanol extracts of all the species. This is the first report with detailed phytochemicals analysis of lichens from Eastern Ghats of India.

scholarly journals In vitro antioxidant activity and qualitative phytochemical analysis of two Vismia (Hypericaceae) species collected in Los Andes, Venezuela

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Buitrago ◽  
Janne Del Carmen Rojas ◽  
Yonel Peñalosa
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
High Concentrations

Vismia genus is distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of Central, South America and some areas of Africa. According to previous investigations, antioxidant potential of Vismia species might be related to anthrones, anthraquinones, flavonoids and phenol derivatives biosynthesized by these plants. The aim of present study is to evaluate the free radical scavenging capacity, total phenolic and flavonoids content as well as the qualitative phytochemical screening of methanol extracts obtained from Vismia macrophylla (VM) and Vismia baccifera (VB) collected in Táchira and Mérida state, Venezuela. Phytochemical screening of VB and VM methanolic extracts carried out using various chemical assays revealed an abundant presence of anthraquinones in both species analyzed. Glycosides were also present while flavones and dehydroflavones were observed abundantly in VB but moderated in VM. Triterpenes were also detected and steroids showed to be abundant in VM but moderate in VB. On the other hand, antioxidant capacity measured by the DPPH radical scavenging assay showed that VM possesses a stronger antioxidant activity than VB with IC50 5.50 µg/mL. Phenol and flavonoid assays also revealed that methanol extracts of both VM and VB contain high concentrations of these metabolites. A relationship between the antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoids content of the extracts analyzed was demonstrated in present investigation since those samples with higher phenolic concentrations showed likewise higher antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Study on ruminant tick infestation, phytochemical analysis and in vitro acaricidal effect of Calpurnia aurea and Otostegia integrifolia extracts on Amblyomma variegatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelalu Kemal ◽  
Sisay Alemu ◽  
Biniam Tsegaye ◽  
Nateneal Tamerat
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acaricidal Efficacy ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Ticks limit the productivity of livestock through decreased production, reproduction, increased mortality, downgrading and rejection of hides and skin. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of tick infestation in ruminant while experimental study was used to evaluate the in-vitro acaricidal efficacy of methanolic extracts: Calpurnia aurea and Otostegia integrifolia and the phytochemicals present in those extracts at different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/ml) against Amblyomma variegatum. Adult immersion was used for the in-vitro acaricidal efficacy test and plant extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites using standard procedures. Out of the 160 goats, 152 sheep and 121 cattle, 23 (14.4%), 44 (28.9%) and 28 (23.1%) were found to be positive for tick infestation, respectively. The incidence of tick infestation was significantly different (p<0.01) among ruminants. Five tick spp. were identified: A. variegatum, A. gemma, R. decoloratus, R. evertsi evertsi and R. pulchellus. Extract of C. aurea and O. integrifolia was found to contain alkaloids, saponins, phlobatannin, steroids, phenolic, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins. However, both plants were found negative for triterpens. Extracts of C. aurea and O. integrifolia at 200 and 100 mg/ml concentrations showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) acaricidal activities compared to other treatments at 24 hrs post exposure. Mortality of ticks was increased with the increased dosage (concentration) and exposure time after treatment. Extracts of C. aurea showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) tick mortality (52%) compared to those of O. integrifolia (27%). This is a promising finding to have alternative means of treatment and to substitute the use of synthetic drugs which have a wide spread drug resistance especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Key words: Calpurnia aurea; in-vitro test; Otostegia integrifolia; Phytochemical screening; Tick infestation

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis of Muntingia calabura Extracts Possessing Anti-Microbial and Anti-Fouling Activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Singh R. ◽  
Iye S. ◽  
Prasad S. ◽  
Deshmukh N. ◽  
Gupta U. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Hemagglutination Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

The present study was carried out to determine the possible antifouling and anti microbial activity of plant extracts prepared from Muntingia calabura and phytochemical screening was demonstrated. The extracts from the following plant parts like stem, leaves, fruits, flower and stems were prepared in different aqueous solvents like ethanol, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile and water. The highest antimicrobial potentials were observed for the methanolic extracts against K. pneumonia, B. subtilis, B. megaterium and P. aeruginosa. Its efficacy was comparable to the standard drug, ampicillin. Significant amount of tannins, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids were found. Interestingly, the present study showed anti fouling effect against pathogenic biofilm forming bacteria. These extracts also contain high hemagglutination activity. The present study provides evidence that solvent extract of M. calabura contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases.

scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Plumbagozeylanica L. Roots and Its Aphrodisiac Effect in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Patrick Onen ◽  
Daniel Ocira ◽  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Jacob Nyeko ◽  
Augastine Okwir
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Aim: To perform phytochemical screening of Plumbago zeylanica L. root extracts and assess the claim of its use in traditional management of erectile dysfunction in Uganda through evaluation of the aphrodisiac effect of its aqueous extracts in male Wistar rats. Study Design: This study employed both qualitative and quantitative research designs. Place and Duration of Study: All research work were performed at the Department of Biological Sciences, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda between August 2019 and December 2019. Methodology: Classical phytochemical screening of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Plumbago zeylanica roots were performed following standard methods. Aqueous extracts were administered to Male Wistar rats and the effect of the extracts on the mounting and intromission frequencies were determined. Results: Glycosides, phenols, saponins, quinones, terpenoids and steroids were present in both methanolic and aqueous extracts. Alkaloids were present in methanolic extracts only while tannins and phlobatannins were only present in aqueous extracts. Flavonoids, coumarins and anthraquinones were not detected in both extracts. Aqueous root extracts of Plumbago zeylanica produced pro-sexual stimulatory effects in male rats when administered at 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: The results support the use of Plumbago zeylanicaroots by indigenous people in Uganda to increase libido, treat premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. The extracts had low sexual enhancement in sexually inexperienced male rats and therefore, further studies using experienced animal models are needed to better apprehend the prosexual effects of P. zeylanica roots. The toxicity of the extracts as well as structural elucidation and pharmacological evaluation of the responsible bioactive compounds merit further studies.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening of Aqueous, Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn. Stapf., Leaves

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Marcella Tari Joshua ◽  
Edna O. Nwachukwu ◽  
N. Boisa ◽  
Nsirim Nduka
Keyword(s):  
Fine Powder ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Aim: This study focused on the phytochemical screening of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic leaf extracts on the species Morus mesozygia linn. Study Design: This study was a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Plant Anatomy and Physiology Research Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt, between July, 2018 and November, 2018. Methodology: Morus mesozygia linn leaves were collected and washed with distilled water, air dried for seven days and milled into fine powder. Maceration method was use to extract the powdered leaf into a brownish paste using three different solvents; distilled water, ethanol and methanol. The different plant extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, tannins and anthraquinones. Quantitative phytochemical analysis was done using a Gas chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy machine. Results: Results showed that the powdered Morus mesozygia linn leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, tannins, but not anthraquinones. The methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts contained high amounts of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates and tannins, while the ethanolic extract also contained high amounts of the aforementioned phytochemicals in the same proportion, but had saponins in moderate amounts. The result of the GC-MS analysis showed that the three extracts contained complex compounds in varying amounts. Conclusion: Phytochemical screening test of Morus mesozygia has revealed the presence of the substances like alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, oils, phenolic compounds, tannins and some complex compounds discovered using GC-MS technique.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of rosmarinus officinalis l. against Escherichia coli. local isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Saima Johar ◽  
Shazia Irfan ◽  
Shehnaz Sher Ahmed ◽  
Rukhsana Jabeen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

<p>Rosmarinus officinalis is a medicinal plant which belongs to family Lamiaceae. It is an evergreen bush. It was analyzed for its phytochemical constitution and antibacterial activity. For this purpose flowers, leaves and stem of aqueous and methanolic extracts were used. The tests of phytochemical screening showed that flavonoids, terpenoids, reducing sugar and saponins were present in different concentrations, while tannin was absent in all parts of plant. The antibacterial activity was determined against E. coli with different concentrations (i-e 0.5gm, 1gm and 1.5gm) kept for 24 hours and 48 hours duration. The results showed that the highest mean inhibition zone was observed in the methanolic extracts of leaves 1.5gm kept for 48 hours (28.6 ± 4.261mm).In the stem the methanolic extracts showed the highest inhibition zone with the concentration of 1.5gm (13.4 ± 1.624mm) kept for 24 hours. In the flower the highest inhibition zone in methanolic extracts was observed in 1gm (25.4 ± 2.416mm) kept for 48 hours. In the aqueous extracts the highest inhibition zone values were (17.6 ± 4.029mm, 15.8 ± 2.993mm, 14.4 ± 2.33mm) for stem, flower and leaves respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis of different extracts of Pinda concanensis and Heracelum grande

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6-S) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Sucheta Bidve ◽  
Sanjay Auti
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Endemic Plants ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Fragrance Compounds

Aromatic plants are a reservoir of secondary metabolites that are responsible for the plants' medicinal efficacy and a major source of aromatic compounds and essential oils.  Now a day, there is a renewed interest in the plant kingdom in the search for novel bioactive and fragrance compounds as demands for herbal products are increasing enormously. In the present study two endemic plants, Pinda concanensis and Heracelum grande from Western Ghats were analyzed for secondary metabolites by using different plant parts (roots, leaves, and seeds) and by using range of solvent from polar to non-polar.  Glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and alkaloids were found in methanolic extracts of Pinda concanensis root, leaf, and seeds and methanolic extracts of seeds of Heracelum grande. While extracts of chloroform and petroleum ether exhibits presence of some of them. Obtained results show the importance of both the plants as an important source of biologically active molecules for pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries. Keywords: Phytochemical screening, secondary metabolites, biologically active compounds.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PORTULACA QUADRIFIDA LINN.

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAGTAP SUPRIYA ◽  
GUJAR KISHOR ◽  
GHARE ANIKET
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate in vitro antimicrobial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves of Portulaca quadrifida (Linn.). Methods: The solvent extract such as petroleum ether, methanol, and water on the leaves of P. quadrifida (Linn) was prepared by Soxhlet extraction (continuous hot percolation method). These solvent extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against enterotoxigenic E. coli and B. subtilis at various concentrations and were measured by observing zone of inhibition in mm by disc diffusion method (cup plate method). Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the flavonoids, fats, and oils in all extracts. Similarly, the presence of alkaloids and tannins was obtained in the petroleum ether and methanolic extracts, while the presence of glycosides was obtained in the methanolic and water extracts. Further, proteins and sterols were found in petroleum extracts. The results of antimicrobial activity shown that methanolic extracts of the plant leaf showed good antimicrobial activity and petroleum ether and water extract showed similar activity but less antimicrobial activity than methanolic extract. The antimicrobial activities of extracts were compared with standard antibiotic such as chloramphenicol. Conclusion: P. quadrifida (Linn.) has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and a potential source of new classes of antibiotics that could be useful for infectious disease chemotherapy and control. The phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts of this plant indicates the presence of major phytoconstituents which may have been responsible for the observed antimicrobial property.  

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical Documentation, Phytochemical Screening, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Used to Manage Snakebite Envenomation in Mwingi West Subcounty, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Stella Kwamboka Mokua ◽  
James Mucunu Mbaria ◽  
Timothy Elias Maitho ◽  
Gervason Apiri Moriasi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Snakebite envenomation (SBE) is a life-threatening global public health problem affecting over 2.7 million persons annually, with a bigger burden lying in the developing world. Despite the successful management of SBE by antivenom therapy in conventional medicine, it is of low efficacy due to the diverse venom composition across snake types, which limits its usefulness. As a result, inhabitants of the sub-Sahara region, where SBE incidence is high, utilise medicinal plants as an alternative remedy for SBE. However, most plants have not been ethnobotanically documented and validated empirically and hence this study is needed. An ethnobotanical survey to document medicinal plants used to manage SBE in Migwani ward, Mwingi West Subcounty, Kitui County, was conducted between January and February, 2021. Ethnobotanical data were collected from 45 purposefully sampled respondents from Migwani ward using semistructured questionnaires, field walks, and oral interviews. In this study, 14 medicinal plants which are used to manage SBE were documented. Four plants with the highest Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) (Entada leptostachya Harms-stem bark (0.58), Senna singueana-roots (0.53), Securidaca longipendunculata-roots (0.36), and Strychnos henningsii-stem bark (0.46)) were selected and extracted using water, methanol, and dichloromethane according to the standard procedures. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts and their cytotoxic effects on brine shrimp nauplii (brine shrimp lethality assay) was conducted according to the standard techniques. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of anti-SBE-associated phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and flavonoids, in the aqueous and methanolic extracts of the studied plant extracts. However, the tested phytochemicals were not detected in dichloromethane extracts of all the studied extracts. The anti-SBE effects of the documented plants could be attributable to these associated bioactive phytocompounds, which are synthesized by the studied plants and transfered to humans when consumed. Furthermore, the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Entada leptostachya and Senna singueana had high LC50 of >1000 µg/ml and were considered noncytotoxic. However, Securidaca longipendunculata had an LC50 of <1000 µg/ml and was considered slightly cytotoxic. Further empirical investigations to characterise the bioactive phytochemicals and their safety should be done.

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screening of Iris kashmiriana Baker collected from Budgam, Kashmir, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Saeema JouFarooqnal ◽  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

The present study was intended to discover the preliminary phytochemicals of Iris kashmiriana Baker collected from Kashmir region, India. The preliminary phytochemical analysis was conducted in methanolic and aqueous extracts which showed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, saponins, diterpenes, cardiac glycosides. Among the various phytochemicals studied, alkaloids and proteins were found to be absent in both methanolic and aqueous extracts. From the results, it was noted that the extracts of Iris kashmiriana Baker was found to be a rich source of variety of active secondary metabolites. This report will lead to the further isolation and characterization of these active secondary metabolites for bioefficacy and bioactivity. Keywords: Phytochemical, Bioactive compounds, Iris kashmiriana, Mazar mund, Kashmir.

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