Impact of Different Leadership Styles of CEOs on Business Performance of SMEs in East Africa: A Systematic Review of Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tresphory Othumary Mgeni ◽  
Parameswar Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Made In

This study attempts to review the prevailing body of literature on impacts of CEOs different leadership styles on business performance of SMEs in East Africa. The objective of this study is to identify the research trend in the area and issues that are currently addressed in East Africa so as to help interested researchers in the area. 130 relevant studies on the topic were systematically reviewed and the findings showed that, Asia has the leading number of studies published consistently within the past ten years followed by Europe and USA while Africa has the lowest number of studies. In addition, East Africa is among the regions which have the lowest number of studies in Africa. Most studies reviewed covered trade, service, and manufacturing industries. The findings varied from country to country and on the nature of the industry involved. Researchers in leadership and performance of SMEs are encouraged to bridge the research gaps established by this study such as researching in the particular area in industries and countries where no or few studies have been done. A special attention needs to be made in areas like East Africa and related regions which seem to have the lowest number of studies in the particular area.

Aspects of the geomorphology, genesis and environmental significance of earth hummocks (thúfur, pounus): miniature cryogenic mounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Grab
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Environmental Significance ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
Differential Frost Heave ◽  
Made In

Miniature varieties of cryogenic mounds that are capable of forming in seasonally frozen ground are commonly referred to as earth hummocks (e.g., North America), thúfur (e.g., Greenland and Iceland) and pounus (Fennoscandia). Over the past few decades there has been a consistent interest to study earth hummocks from a variety of environmental settings. This review summarizes the current knowledge of earth hummocks, highlighting aspects on the external and internal morphology, and thermal characteristics, which may assist to explain hummock formation. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the genesis of earth hummocks, including the ‘cryoexpulsion’ of clasts, hydrostatic and cryostatic pressure, cellular circulation, and differential frost heave. These hypotheses are critically evaluated and some research gaps identified. It emerges that considerable advances have been made towards an improved understanding of earth hummock development, modification and disintegration. Much progress has been made in the application of earth hummock studies to a variety of environmental research approaches such as palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and assessing their impact on hillslope drainage.

Consumer scepticism: A systematic review of literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-212
Author(s):  
Vartika Chaudhary ◽  
Dinesh Sharma ◽  
Arti D. Kalro
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Individual Product ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Consumer Cognition ◽  
Made In

Scepticism towards marketing activities is a common consumer cognition. Despite its widespread prevalence, no attempt has been made in the past to review and synthesise the extant literature on scepticism. This study presents a comprehensive review and analysis of consumer scepticism literature from various domains of marketing. The paper critically examines various definitions, operationalisations, typologies, and the theoretical foundation of consumer scepticism, and differentiates scepticism from related constructs of (dis)trust, dissonance, and ambivalence. It presents a synthesis of literature on the antecedents (individual, product, and claim-related factors) and consequences (for promotions, products, retailers, and firms) of consumer scepticism. A framework is proposed based on the synthesis. The framework can help researchers studying scepticism in a particular domain (like health-related claims) identify relevant variables from other domains (like environmental claims). Results of the review process reveal a lack of clarity on the dimensionality and the measurement of scepticism; a paucity of research on drivers and consequences of consumer scepticism; and the need for further investigation of the concept of situational scepticism.

scholarly journals Research Progress in Organic Photomultiplication Photodetectors

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Shi ◽  
Qiangbing Liang ◽  
Wenyan Wang ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Guohui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Tunneling Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carrier Tunneling ◽  
Organic Devices ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Molecular Compounds ◽  
Made In

Organic photomultiplication photodetectors have attracted considerable research interest due to their extremely high external quantum efficiency and corresponding high detectivity. Significant progress has been made in the aspects of their structural design and performance improvement in the past few years. There are two types of organic photomultiplication photodetectors, which are made of organic small molecular compounds and polymers. In this paper, the research progress in each type of organic photomultiplication photodetectors based on the trap assisted carrier tunneling effect is reviewed in detail. In addition, other mechanisms for the photomultiplication processes in organic devices are introduced. Finally, the paper is summarized and the prospects of future research into organic photomultiplication photodetectors are discussed.

scholarly journals Blockchain Consensus: An Overview of Alternative Protocols

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1363
Author(s):  
Damilare Peter Oyinloye ◽  
Je Sen Teh ◽  
Norziana Jamil ◽  
Moatsum Alawida
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hash Functions ◽  
The State ◽  
Design Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Made In

Blockchain networks are based on cryptographic notions that include asymmetric-key encryption, hash functions and consensus protocols. Despite their popularity, mainstream protocols, such as Proof of Work or Proof of Stake still have drawbacks. Efforts to enhance these protocols led to the birth of alternative consensus protocols, catering to specific areas, such as medicine or transportation. These protocols remain relatively unknown despite having unique merits worth investigating. Although past reviews have been published on popular blockchain consensus protocols, they do not include most of these lesser-known protocols. Highlighting these alternative consensus protocols contributes toward the advancement of the state of the art, as they have design features that may be useful to academics, blockchain practitioners and researchers. In this paper, we bridge this gap by providing an overview of alternative consensus protocols proposed within the past 3 years. We evaluate their overall performance based on metrics such as throughput, scalability, security, energy consumption, and finality. In our review, we examine the trade-offs that these consensus protocols have made in their attempts to optimize scalability and performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that focuses on these alternative protocols, highlighting their unique features that can be used to develop future consensus protocols.

scholarly journals A Concept Paper of Balanced Scorecard for New Product Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminaimu Zhengxiaoming ◽  
Yudi Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
New Product ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Balance Scorecard ◽  
Strategic Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

This study aims to review the concept of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) technique to develop a new product. BSC, as a strategic performance tool, has received closed attention from many organizations worldwide. However, the implementation has been limited. The globalization and economic upheaval have increased the challenges to the executive’s face and therefore need to find the right tools to overcome the challenges. The current paper focuses on the review of literature on the importance of BSC towards new product development and business performance. This paper suggests that the 4th generation balance scorecard leads the combination of the management system and performance measurement that brings up one big strategy maps, and possibly will use widely to satisfy the customer demands. This paper discusses the current issues and the emerging importance of BSC literature and suggests fruitful areas for further study.

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)

2018 ◽  
pp. 103-114
Keyword(s):  
Pedagogical Content Knowledge ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Way

This chapter gives a brief review of literature of TPACK and the variables researchers have focused on during the past decade. The review of literature is divided into four parts: the research done on the emergence of the model and the educationists' works on the theoretical aspects of TPACK; how certain researchers have tried to validate the TPACK model and the contradictions they revealed in the process; the assessment of the model in the context of teaching and the way TPACK can be related to other attributes of teachers and their context of teaching; and finally the measures of TPACK including both subjective and performance measures.

Coffee and qat on the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia – botanical, ethnobotanical and commercial observations made in Yemen 1762–1763

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
I. Friis
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Made In

In spite of widespread consumption of coffee in Europe at the time of the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia 1761–1767, little was known of the cultivation of coffee in Yemen and of the Arabian coffee export to Europe. Fresh leaves of qat were used as a stimulant on the Arabian Peninsula and in East Africa, but before the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia this plant was known in Europe only from secondary reports. Two members of the expedition, Carsten Niebuhr and Peter Forsskål, pioneered studies of coffee and qat in Yemen and of the Arabian coffee export. Linnaeus' instructions for travellers requested observations on the use of coffee, but otherwise Forsskål and Niebuhr's studies of coffee and qat were made entirely on their own initiative. Now, 250 years after The Royal Danish expedition to Arabia, coffee has become one of the world's most valuable trade commodities and qat has become a widely used and banned drug.

South Asian Developmental Crisis (Review Article)

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Rafiq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Integrated Theory ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Second World ◽  
Made In

Like nations and civilizations, sciences also pass through period of crises when established theories are overthrown by the unpredictable behaviour of events. Economics is passing through such a crisis. The challenge thrown by the Great Depression of early 1930s took a decade before Keynes re-established the supremacy of economics. But this supremacy has again been upset by the crisis of poverty in the vast under-developed world which attained political independence after the Second World War. Poverty had always existed but never before had it been of such concern to economists as during the past twenty five years or so. Economic literature dealing with this problem has piled up but so have the agonies of poverty. No plausible and well-integrated theory of economic development or under-development has emerged so far, though brilliant advances have been made in isolated directions.

Impact of dust and sand storms on the aviation operation and assessment of conditions for their occurrence at aerodromes in European Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
A.R. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
E.N. Skriptunova ◽  
N.I. Komasko ◽  
A.A. Zavialova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sand Storm ◽  
The Impact

A review of literature on the impact of dust and sand storms on the air transport operation is presented. Observational data on dust storms at the aerodromes of European Russia for the period of 2001-2019 are analyzed. The seasonal variations in dust transport episodes at aerodromes and its relationship with visibility changes are discussed. The characteristics of dusty air masses and advection are given. It is concluded that the frequency of dust transfer episodes for the aerodromes under study has decreased over the past five years, except for Gumrak aerodrome (Volgograd). Keywords: dust storm, sand storm, aviation, visibility, seasonal variations, aerodrome оf European Russia

Mass Spectrometry Techniques: Principles and Practices for Quantitative Proteomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco J. Rotello ◽  
Timothy D. Veenstra
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proteome Level ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Made In

: In the current omics-age of research, major developments have been made in technologies that attempt to survey the entire repertoire of genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites present within a cell. While genomics has led to a dramatic increase in our understanding of such things as disease morphology and how organisms respond to medications, it is critical to obtain information at the proteome level since proteins carry out most of the functions within the cell. The primary tool for obtaining proteome-wide information on proteins within the cell is mass spectrometry (MS). While it has historically been associated with the protein identification, developments over the past couple of decades have made MS a robust technology for protein quantitation as well. Identifying quantitative changes in proteomes is complicated by its dynamic nature and the inability of any technique to guarantee complete coverage of every protein within a proteome sample. Fortunately, the combined development of sample preparation and MS methods have made it capable to quantitatively compare many thousands of proteins obtained from cells and organisms.

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