scholarly journals Botanical extracts: alternative control for silverleaf whitefly management in tomato Extratos botânicos: controle alternativo para o manejo de mosca-branca em tomateiro

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson LL Baldin ◽  
Thiago LM Fanela ◽  
Luiz ER Pannuti ◽  
Massuo J Kato ◽  
Renata Takeara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Toona Ciliata ◽  
Biotype B

Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype B is one of the most limiting pests of tomato crops in the world. Tomato yield is currently dependent on the use of pesticides, which are problematic to farmers, consumers and the environment. A promising alternative to reduce the harmful effects caused by the indiscriminated use of synthetic insecticides is the use of insecticides of botanical origin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 3% (w/v) aqueous extracts from different structures of thirteen botanical species on the behavior of B. tabaci biotype B adults, as well as insecticidal activity of such aqueous extracts on B. tabaci eggs, nymphs, and adults infesting tomato plants. A distilled water solution was used as a negative control, and thiamethoxam insecticide (18 g/100 L of water) as a positive control. Leaf extract of Toona ciliata was observed to have the most efficient inhibitory effect in tests of extracts on whitefly behavior. Furthermore, the use of leaf extract of Toona ciliata led to the most drastic reduction in the number of adults and eggs on tomato leaflets. Leaf extract of Piper aduncum led to the greatest observed ovicidal effect (78.00% of non-hatched nymphs); however it was not effective against nymphs and adults. The leaf extracts of Trichilia pallida, Trichilia casaretti, and Toona ciliata showed the highest control indexes (67.9, 60.3, and 55.1%, respectively). For adults mortality, T. pallida was the most effective (72.8%). Our results indicate that application of extracts of T. pallida, T. ciliata, and T. casaretti are promising strategies to manage B. tabaci biotype B on tomato.

scholarly journals In vitro study of potential antibacterial pometia pinnata leaf extract in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

MEDISAINS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Gandi Ari Savitri Widayani ◽  
Muhammad Choiroel Anwar ◽  
Sudirman Sudirman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Extract Concentration

Background: Gonorrhea cases experiencing antibiotic resistance are increasing due to inadequate treatment or failure to contribute to an increase in antibiotic resistance cases; WHO suggests adding herbal therapy treatment methods is expected to minimize the occurrence of drug resistance as much as possible. Previous studies that have been carried out using other herbal plants have not shown any potential to inhibit the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria, seen from the amount of extract concentration and the dosage and content of the compounds in the contents monitoring the time.Objective: To analyze the difference in the effect of various concentrations of Matoa Leafs Extract (Pometia Pinnata) compared to 500mg Levofloxacin on the increase in the growth inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Methods: This is true-experimental research with a post-test-only control group with a randomized design. The sample in this study was the microorganism Neisseria gonorrhoeae obtained through vaginal swabs in 2 females (FSW) positive for Gonorrhea by gram staining and microscopic examination and culture on Chocolate Agar Plant (CAP) media. The culture was then suspended in CAP media. Matoa Leaf extract concentration of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, positive control with Levofloxacin 500 mg and negative control with distilled water with four replications and monitoring in 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours. Data analysis used Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and cohen's test. Result: Levofloxacin 500mg in inhibiting Neisseria Gonorrhoeae bacteria is very effective, and Matoa Leaf extracts 60% and 40% P=0,026 have a strong enough potential to inhibit the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria with the same potential strength. The cohen's test 1.4 effect the levofloxacin 500mg provides a significant influence inhibiting Neisseria Gonorrhoeae.Conclusion: Matoa Leaf extract 60%, and 40% have solid antibacterial potential, although not as strong as Levofloxacin 500mg.

EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SINGKONG (Manihot Utilissima Pohl) SEBAGAI OBAT ALTERNATIF ANTI REMATIK TERHADAP RASA SAKIT PADA MENCIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Setya Enti Rikomah ◽  
Elmitra Elmitra ◽  
Diana Gustina Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Excitatory Response ◽  
Cassava Leaves

Medicinal plants used for generations one of which is crop cassava leaves. Cassava leaves is believed to cure rheumatism, gout, anemia, constipation, and to increase endurance. This study aims to determine the Effects Of Ethanol Leaf Extract Singkong (Manihot Utilissima Pohl) As Drug Alternatif Antirheumatic Of Pain On Mice. This study was an experimental study using 25 mice. These animals were divided into five groups where each group consisted of 5 mice. Cassava leaf extracts as a control test, flamar gel as a positive control, and distilled water as a negative control. Observations were made for 45 minutes using a hot excitatory response in the form of a decrease in a lick or jump after the treatments. The results showed a decline in the response of mice to lick the feet or jump to the heat stimuli were administered after administration of cassava leaf extract. Cassava leaf extract has an effect antirheumatic to pain in mice. Based on the analysis of SPSS best dose in this study is the first dose (0.65mg / 20gr mice BB).

scholarly journals Uji daya hambat ekstrak daun bayam petik (Amaranthus hybridus L.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

e-GIGI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oktovianus Pormes ◽  
Damajanty H.C. Pangemanan ◽  
Michael A. Leman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test

Abstract: Synthetic antibiotics have certain side effects, therefore, it is necessary to find alternative natural antibacterial materials which is easily available and to be cultivated, inter alia Amaranthus hybridus L. Its leaves contain active compounds, so they might have antibacterial potential. This study was aimed to determine the inhibitory effect of Amaranthus hybridus leaf extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This was a true experimental study using post test only control group design. This study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine and the Natural Phytochemical Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics at Sam Ratulangi University. The modified Kirby-Bauer method was used with three wells, containing Amaranthus hybridus leaf extract, the positive control, and the negative control; and with 5 repetitions. The results showed that the average diameters of the inhibition zone of Amaranthus hybridus leaf extract and of the negative control were 0 mm meanwhile of erythromycin as the positive control was 38.8 mm. Conclusion: Amaranthus hybridus leaf extract had no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: inhibitory zone, Amaranthus hybridus L, Staphylococcus aureus Abstrak: Bahan antibiotik sintetik memiliki efek samping, sehingga perlu dicari bahan alternatif yaitu bahan alami yang mudah didapat dan dibudidayakan, salah satunya ialah bayam petik (Amaranthus hybridus L.). Daun bayam petik memiliki potensi antibakteri karena memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak daun bayam petik terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan post test only control group design. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran dan Labaratorium Fitokimia Fakultas MIPA Unsrat. Metode pengujian yang digunakan ialah modifikasi Kirby-Bauer dengan menggunakan tiga buah sumuran yang diberi ekstrak daun bayam petik, kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif, sebanyak 5 kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan diameter rerata dari zona hambat yang terbentuk pada sumur dengan ekstrak daun bayam petik dan pada sumur dengan kontrol negatif ialah 0 mm, sedangkan pada sumur yang diberi kontrol positif amoksisilin terjadi resistensi sehingga diganti dengan eritromisin dan didapatkan rerata zona hambat ialah 38,8 mm. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun bayam petik (Amaranthus hybridus L.) tidak memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.Kata kunci: daya hambat, Amaranthus hybridus L, Staphylococcus aureus

scholarly journals Uji daya hambat ekstrak daun patikan kerbau (euphorbia hirta l.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri staphylococcus aureus dan escherichia coli

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia I. Mahmud ◽  
Christi Mambo ◽  
Henoch Awaloei
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extract Concentration

Abstract: Patikan kerbau leaf contains alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, and tannin can potentially be an antibacterial. The purpose of this research is to test the resisting potency of patikan kerbau leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) dan Escherichia coli (ATCC11229). This was an experimental laboratory study using modified Kirby-Bauer with well diffusion technique at Research and Microbiology Laboratory of MIPA Faculty, Sam Ratulangi University Manado. Patikan kerbau leaf extract was obtained by using 96% etanol maceration. Extract concentrations used in this study were 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml. Ciprofloxacin was used as the positive control and CMC as the negative control. The CMC showed no inhibition zone. Ciprofloxacin had the widest zone of inhibition. The average of inhibition zone diameters produced by ciprofloxacin was 33,3 mm on S. aureus and 33 mm on E.coli. Euphorbia hirta leaf extract concentration of 50 mg/ml resulted in average inhibition zone diameter of 18.83 mm on S.aureus and 17.83 mm on E.coli. Extract concentration of 25 mg/ml resulted in 17.33 mm on S. aureus and 16.83 mm on E.coli. Extract concentration of 12,5 mg/ml resulted in 15.5 mm on S. aureus and 14.83 mm on E.coli. Then, extract concentration of 6.25 mg/ml resulted in 15.16 mm on S. aureus and 13.3 mm on E.coli. Conclusion: Extract of Euphorbia hirta leaf has potential inhibitory effect towards bacterial growth of S. aureus and E. coli. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of Euphorbia hirta extract is greater towards S. aureus rather than E.coliKeywords: antibacterial, patikan kerbau leaf extract, S. aureus, E. coli Abstrak: Daun patikan kerbau mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui uji daya hambat ekstrak daun patikan kerbau terhadap Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) dan Escherichia coli (ATCC11229). Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental laboratorium di Laboratorium Penelitian dan Mikrobiologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado dengan metode Kirby-Bauer yang dimodifikasi dengan sumuran. Ekstrak daun patikan kerbau diperoleh dari proses maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 12,5mg/ml dan 6,25mg/ml. Siprofloksasin digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan CMC sebagai kontrol negatif. Pada penelitian ini CMC yang tidak mempunyai zona hambat. Siprofloksasin memiliki diameter zona hambat yang paling besar. Rerata diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan oleh siprofloksasin adalah 33,3 mm terhadap bakteri S.aureus dan 33 mm pada bakteri E.coli. Ekstrak daun patikan kerbau konsentrasi 50 mg/ml menghasilkan diameter zona hambat rata-rata sebesar 18,83 mm pada bakteri S.aureus dan 17,83 mm pada bakteri E.coli. Ekstrak daun patikan kerbau konsentrasi 25mg/ml sebesar 17,3 mm pada bakteri S.aureus dan 16,83 mm pada bakteri E.coli. Ekstrak daun patikan kerbau konsentrasi 12,5mg/ml sebesar 15,5 mm pada bakteri S.aureus dan 14,83 mm pada bakteri E.coli. Kemudian, konsentrasi 6,25mg/ml sebesar 15,16 pada bakteri S.aureus dan 13,3 mm pada bakteri E.coli. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun patikan kerbau berpotensi memiliki efek daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S.aureus dan E.coli. Daya hambat ekstrak daun patikan kerbau lebih besar pada S.aureus daripada E.coli Kata kunci: antibakteri, ekstrak daun srikaya, S. aureus, E. coli

scholarly journals Effect of mangrove leaf extract (Acanthus ilicifolius) on non-specific immune status and vibriosis resistance of black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) challenged with Vibrio harveyi

2021 ◽  
pp. 2282-2289
Author(s):  
Gina Saptiani ◽  
Slamet Budi Prayitno ◽  
Sari Anggarawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius

Background and Aim: There has been continuous effort to search for alternative medicinal plants that are applicable to ameliorate viral disease on shrimp pond. This study aimed to examine the effect of Acanthus ilicifolius leaf extract on clinical symptoms and non-specific immune response of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Materials and Methods: A total of 330 shrimps were equally assigned into three extract forms (crude extract, ethyl acetate extract, and n-butanol extract, respectively) in which three levels were provided for each extract. Negative control (without leaf extract) and positive control (with oxytetracycline at 0.05 mg/mL) were used, giving a total of 11 experimental treatments. Results: The results showed that shrimps induced into all form of leaf extracts had significantly higher survival rates, clinical symptoms, and pathological anatomy than those negative control (C–) and positive control (C+). Total hemocyte cells, granulocytes, percentage of phagocytic, and prophenoloxidase activity were similar among leaf extract treatments (p>0.05), but those groups were significantly higher than those of C– and C+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: n-butanol leaf extract at 300 mg/L is suggested to be the most effective treatment since it showed the highest efficacy on the parameters observed. Thus, it is possible to use the leaf extract of A. ilicifolius on-farm as a strategy to enhance bacterial disease resistance and prevent mortality.

UJI IMUNOMODULATOR DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN WARU (HIBISCUS TILIACEUS) DENGAN METODE HIPERSENSITIVITAS TIPE LAMBAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Yanna Rotua Sihombing ◽  
Debi Dinha Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Hypersensitivity Response ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Response

Immunomodulator is a compound that can increaase the imuno system. One of the plants that have immunomodulator’s activity is Waru Leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus). the purpose of this research was to test the effect of immunomodulator by extract of Waru Leaf ethanol on rat male. The activity of immunomodulator was determined by using digital pletysmometer by measuring the differences between the last leg swelling’s volume and the first leg swelling’s volume. The treatment group were divided into 5 groups. Each group consistof 5 rats CMC-Na 0,5% (negative control), Stimuno®  32,5 mg/kgBW (positive control), dose of EEDW 50, 100 and 200 mg/kgBW, and bacteria E.coli as antigen. The results slowed that distribution of EEDW dose 200 mg/kgBW can give the effect of immunostimulant by swelling enthancement compared by CMC-Na 0,5 %. EEDW 200 mg/kgBW that have activity comparable with Stimuno®  32,5 mg/kgBW. Thus, it is concluded that of Waru Leaf extract has immunomodulator effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity response of rat male.

Potential Antiseptic of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves extract on Healing wound in Male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 3143-3149
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Purwanti Ningsih ◽  
Noorlaila Noorlaila ◽  
Ikhwan Rizki Muhammad ◽  
Windy Yuliana Budianto
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

Background: The process of wound healing is influenced by various factors such as age, hormones, and wound care. Wound care is done to accelerate wound healing which can be done by various methods, one of them is traditional care. Traditional wound care can use medicinal plants. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a medicinal plant that has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antibacterial content. Thus this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the antiseptic solution of the Rodhomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract on wound healing in male Wistar rats. Method: this research is pure experimental research with post test only control group design. Thirty male white rats were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract 15%, 30%, and 60%. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extraction was carried out by maceration method with 70% ethano solvent. The extraction results are divided into 3 concentrations (15%, 30% and 60%). The wound healing process was evaluated by measuring the length of the wound manually from 0 to 10 days in each group. Meanwhile, the number of fibroblast cells was calculated through hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and observed using an Olympus CX41 microscope with a 10x magnification and objective lens magnification in 3 fields. Result: There was a significant difference in the reduction in wound length (p =< 0,000) between the five experimental groups (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract solution 15%, 30% and 60%, negative control and positive control. Solution of rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract accelerated the increase in the number of fibroblasts compared to the negative control group (p = 0.003), but did not make a difference (p = 0.403) with the positive control group. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extraction solution had the same microscopic effect on the number of fibroblasts with a positive control group given 0.9% NaCl solution. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts between all groups, but no difference in wound healing length.

scholarly journals In vivo antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Nasrin ◽  
Md. Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

<p class="Abstract">In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of <em>Mikania cordata</em> and <em>Litsea monopetala</em> was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of <em>L. monopetala</em>. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of <em>M. cordata</em> and <em>L. monopetala</em> leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF LANTANA INDICA AND VITEX NEGUNDO ON CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Rathnasagar K ◽  
Thiyagaraj Anand
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Sterol Binding

Objectives: The activity of two different leaf extracts of Lantana indica and Vitex negundo is tested against the 3rd and 4th instar Culex quinquefasciatus larvae to evaluate the potency of the extracts as a larvicide and to find an ecologically sustainable alternative to chemical insecticides. A bioinformatics screening approach was performed to evaluate the in vivo results.Methods: The obtained larvae’s from nearby water sources were tested with N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) as the positive control which is the commercial chemical mosquito repellent and the solvents used for the respective plant extracts act as the negative control. Petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA) and an aqueous (AQ) extract were prepared for both L. indica and V. negundo extracts, and its larvicidal activity was tested. A docking based approach was used to study the inhibitory effect of known active compounds from L. indica and V. negundo against acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and sterol binding protein as targets.Results: On comparing the results between three plants extract for its larvicidal activity, the EA extract of V. negundo and L. indica is found to be potent with a low LC50 value. Further, the docking studies between active compounds of L. indica and V. negundo with AChE and Sterol binding protein as targets showed that the compound tangeritin-1 had a good docking score compared to DEET and could be a natural alternative for larvicidal activity in the mosquito.Conclusion: Individual activity of tangeritin-1 could be further studied with mosquito mortality studies and molecular simulations and develop tangeritin-1 as a potential larvicidal compound for commercial use.

scholarly journals Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous whole leaf and green rind extracts of Aloe vera in Wistar rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Nalimu ◽  
Joseph Oloro ◽  
Emanuel L. Peter ◽  
Patrick Engeu Ogwang
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Abstract Background Several local communities in Central, Western, Eastern, and Northern regions of Uganda have been using the whole leaf extracts of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Asphodelaceae) in the treatment of various ailments. Also, several commercial companies sell A. vera as soft drinks in Uganda. However, there are inadequate reports on the toxicities of such preparations. This paper reports the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous extracts of whole leaf and green rind of A. vera in Wistar rats. Methods Acute oral toxicity test was carried out in female Wistar rats at doses of 175, 550, 1750, and 5000 mg/kg, p.o. The animals were observed for signs of toxicity for 14 days. Similarly, a sub-acute oral toxicity test was performed in both sexes of rats at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 28 days. All the groups of animals were monitored for behavioral, morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes, including mortality and compared with respective controls. Body weights were measured weekly while the animals’ relative organ weights, hematological, biochemical, gross, and microscopic pathology were examined on day 29. Results There was no mortality or apparent behavioral changes at the doses tested in acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests. Thus, the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) of green rind and whole leaf aqueous extracts was above 5000 mg/kg. Gross anatomy revealed that the rats’ relative spleen weight in green rind extract at 200 mg/kg significantly decreased compared to the control group. The creatinine levels in female rats that received green rind extract and the chloride ion levels in male rats administered whole leaf extract were significantly elevated. Conversely, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) levels significantly decreased at lower doses of the green rind extract compared to the control. Histopathology of the kidney revealed the renal interstitium’s inflammation at doses of 200 and 800 mg/kg of the whole leaf extract. Conclusion The findings demonstrated that A. vera green rind and whole leaf extracts are non-toxic at relatively high doses when used for a short duration. Prolonged use of the aqueous whole leaf extract might be associated with kidney toxicity.

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