scholarly journals THE GREEN CONSTITUTION CONCEPT IN THE 1945 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Sekar Anggun Gading Pinilih

AbstractThis article aims to analyze the concept of Green Constitution in The Amandment of Constitution of Indonesia. The method used is a normative juridical, with secondary data which analyzed in qualitative. Based on results that Constitution of Indonesia before and after the amendment has accommodated the protection of human and natural resources. Such arrangements outlined in the Preamble and the articles, and sectoral legislation. All policy formulation should be in line with the mandate of Constitution of Indonesia. In the environmental norms into the Constitution, it is expected to minimize environmental damage. Intisari Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep Konstitusi Hijau dalam UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan data sekunder yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh gambaran bahwa UUD 1945 sebelum dan sesudah amandemen telah mengakomodir perlindungan terhadap manusia dan alam sekitarnya. Pengaturan tersebut dijabarkan pada Pembukaan UUD 1945 dan pasal-pasal serta peraturan sektoralnya. Semua perumusan kebijakan harus sejalan dengan amanat dari UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Dinormakannya lingkungan hidup ke dalam UUD NRI Tahun 1945, maka diharapkan akan meminimalisasi terjadinya pencemaran dan atau kerusakan lingkungan hidup. 

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Ulfatun Najicha ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani

<p>Abstract<br />The purpose of this study was to determine the legal politics in the formation of forestry legislation in licensing mining activities in forest areas in terms of environmental management strategy that is based on justice. This research is juridical doctrinal nature descriptive, with a qualitative approach. The method used by Approach legislation (statute approach) and the conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The collection of primary data and secondary data relating to the regulation of forest management in order to policy in forestry management as a whole can be categorized as forest politics. Political laws of occupation and use of natural resources has been regulated in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, but the regulation on the management of natural resources, particularly forests that produce injustice. Even away from the sense of justice as referred to in the preamble Homeland 1945. One of the causes of injustice and abuse is the number of mining permits opening of forest destruction in violation of the principle of sustainability. Second, the law should be synergy policy in the licensing of mining activities in forest areas, the Act No. 41 1999 is still there (overlapping) overlapping the utilization of forest between mining and forestry activities are still unresolved and still occur in some areas. Similarly, Law No. 4 Year 2009 on Mineral and Coal are not yet fully support bersinergis natural keletarian remain legalize many dredging coal mines, then the Law 32 of 2009 requires the use of natural resources that is in harmony, and balanced with environmental functions. There is a duality of government policy, in which one side seeks to protect protected areas and establish rules to preserve it, but on the other hand opened up opportunities for the protected forest area exploited. Policy or program development must be animated by the obligation to make environmental preservation and realize the goal of sustainable development. Third Act Issuer within the framework of law should not stand alone because it is still in the realm of environmental law which means it is very closely related to the Forestry Law and the Environment. Hence the need for a policy formulation based Green Legislation overarching governance for sustainable forest and justice in a single Regulation.</p><p>Keywords: Politics, Law, Management of Forests, Mines, preservation, Justice.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui politik hukum dalam pembentukan perundang-undangan kehutanan  dalam  pemberian  izin  kegiatan  pertambangan  di  kawasan  hutan  ditinjau  dari  strategi pengelolaan lingkungan hidup yang berkeadilan.Penelitian  ini merupakan penelitian yuridis doktrinal yang  bersifat  diskriptif,  dengan  pendekatan  kualitatif.  Metode  yang  dipakai  melalui  Pendekatan peraturanperundang-undangan(statuteapproach)  danpendekatankonseptual(conceptualapproach). Pengumpulan data primer dan data sekunder yang berkaitan dengan peraturan pengelolaan kawasan hutan agar tetap lestari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertama, Politik dimaknai sebagai suatu kebijakan maka, kebijakan pemerintah dalam pengelolaan kehutanan secara utuh dapat dikategorikan sebagai  politik kehutanan.  Politikhukum  penguasaan  danpemanfaatansumberdayaalam  telah  diatur dalam  Undang-Undang  Dasar  Negara Kesatuan  RepublikIndonesiaTahun1945,  namun pengaturan tentang  pengelolaan  sumber  daya  alam,  khususnya  hutan  yang  menghasilkan  ketidakadilan. Bahkanjauhdarirasakeadilanmasyarakatseperti  yangdimaksuddalamPembukaan  UUD  NKRI1945. Salah satu penyebab ketidakadilan serta penyalahgunaan adalah dengan banyaknya pembukaan ijin tambang perusakan hutan dengan melanggar prinsip kelestarian. Kedua, Perlu sinergisitas Kebijakan hukum dalam pemberian ijin kegiatan pertambangan di kawasan hutan, pada UU No. 41 Tahun 1999 sampai saat ini masih terdapat (overlapping) tumpang tindih lahan pemanfaatan hutan antara kegiatan pertambangan dan kegiatan kehutanan masih belum dapat diselesaikan dan tetap terjadi di beberapa daerah. Sama halnya dengan UUNo.4 Tahun2009tentangMineraldanBatu Bara yang belum bersinergis penuh mendukung keletarian alam tetap melegalisasikan banyaknya pengerukan tambang batubara, Kemudian padaUU No. 32 Tahun 2009 menuntut penggunaan sumber daya alam yang selaras, serasi, dan seimbang dengan fungsi lingkungan hidup. Terdapat dualisme kebijakanpemerintah, dimanadisatu <br />sisi  berupaya  untuk melindungikawasanlindung  danmenetapkanaturan-aturanuntukmelestarikannya, tapidisisilainmembuka peluangkawasan hutan lindung tersebutuntuk dieksploitasi. Kebijakanatau program pembangunan harus dijiwai oleh kewajiban melakukan pelestarian lingkungan hidup dan mewujudkan tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Ketiga Undang-undang diatasdalam kerangka ilmu hukum harus tidak berdiri sendiri sebab masih masuk dalam ranah hukum lingkungan yang berarti sangat erat berhubungan dengan UU Kehutanan maupun Lingkungan. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya suatu formulasi kebijakan berbasis Green Legislation yang memayungi tata kelola kawasan hutan yang lestari dan berkeadilan dalam satu kesatuan Peraturan.</p><p>Kata Kunci : Politik Hukum, Pengelolaan Hutan, Tambang, Lestari, Keadilan</p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-111
Author(s):  
Julizar Idris ◽  
Abdul Hakim ◽  
Sarwono Sarwono ◽  
Bambang Santoso Haryono

Abstract Public policy formulation as a political process is a dynamic formulation of policies involving many actors, ranging from the executive, legislative, academic, to non-governmental organizations. The purpose of this study was to find out the political process of drafting the Oil and Gas Law and determine the model for the formulation of the Oil and Gas Law in the Republic of Indonesia’s House of Representatives. This research method uses a qualitative approach, through observation, in-interview techniques and documentation of secondary data in the process of collecting data. Data analysis using the Interactive Model method by Miles & Huberman's. The results of the study indicate that the political process of drafting the Constitution of Oil and Gas takes place in the following stages: planning, drafting and discussion. Politically, the planning of the Constitution of Oil and Gas comes from several sources: (1) the bill from the President; (2) the bill from the House of Representatives; and (3) the bill from the Regional Representative Council. The long political process in the public policy formulation in the House of Representatives starts from the process of inventorying input from factions, commissions, and the public to be determined as a Legislative Body decision, then the decision is to be consulted with the Government; afterwards, the results of the consultation are reported to the Plenary Session to make the decision.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Athari Farhani ◽  
Ibnu Sina Chandranegara

Pasca amandemen UUD Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 Pasal 33 ayat (3) yang berbunyi “Bumi, air dan kekayaan yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran rakyat” penguasaan negara yang ada dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) tersebut hanya mengatur pada bumi, air dan yang terkandung di dalamnya. Padahal saat ini keberadaan ruang angkasa berhubungan erat dengan hajat hidup orang banyak, salah satunya pemanfaatan GSO (geo stationary orbit) yang merupakan sumber daya alam terbatas. Sehingga hal tersebut menimbulkan masalah baru khususnya bagi Indonesia sebagai negara khatulistiwa yang mana penempatan GSO berada di atasnya. Masalah tersebut adalah bagaimana internalisasi terkait konsep penguasaan negara menurut Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD NRI 1945 terhadap pemanfaatan sumber daya alam yang ada dalam wilayah ruang angkasa, serta bagaimana regulasi-regulasi yang mengatur terkait pemanfaatan sumber daya alam di wilayah ruang angkasa apakah sudah sesuai dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran rakyat. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode penelitian analisis kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan gambaran bahwa keberadaan ruang angkasa memiliki peranan penting bagi setiap negara, khususnya keberadaan GSO sebagai sumber daya alam terbatas, keberadan GSO hanya ada di atas khatulistiwa dan Indonesia salah satu negara yang dilalui garis khatulistiwa. Beragam konvensi internasional yang telah disahkan ke dalam peraturan di Indonesia maupun regulasi yang ada di Indonesia berkenaan dengan pemanfaatan ruang angkasa sampai saat ini belum memberikan manfaat dan pengaturan yang komprehensif terkait memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang terkandung dalam wilayah ruang angkasa tersebut, sehingga menjadi suatu keharusan bagi Indonesia sebagai negara yang berdaulat untuk memberikan jaminan secara konstitusional bagi keberadaan sumber daya alam yang ada dalam wilayah ruang angkasa untuk dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran rakyat.After the amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 33 paragraph (3) that stated "The land, the water and the natural resources within shall be under the powers of the State and shall be used to the greatest benefit of the people" the state authorities in Article 33 paragraph (3) only regulates earth, water and and the natural resources within. Whereas today, the existence of the outer space is closely associated with the lives of many people, as such, the utilization of GSO (Geostationary Orbit) which is a limited natural resource. So that it rises new issues, especially for Indonesia as an equatorial country where the placement of GSOs is above it. The problem is how to internalization the utilization of natural resources in outer space (related to the concept of state authorities according to Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia), and how the regulation that regulates the utilitazion of natural resources in outer space are appropriately used to the greatest benefit of the people. This study aims to answer these two issuess by investigating normatively or library research. This law research conducted by analyzing secondary data from primary, secondary and tertiary materials. In this qualitative analysis research, the secondary data from primary, secondary and tertiary materials connected to each other and interpreted in order to find answers to solve the research issues. The results of this study provide an overview about the existence of outer space which has an important role for every country, especially the existence of the GSO as a limited natural resource. GSO only exists above the equator and Indonesia is one of the countries which is passed by the equator. International conventions that have been ratified into Indonesian regulations and regulations in Indonesia relating to the utilization of outer space have not provided a comprehensive benefits and regulations related to utilizing natural resources contained in these outer space areas, so that it becomes a necessity for Indonesia as a sovereign country to provide constitutional guarantees for the existence of natural resources that exist in the outer space to be used as much as possible for the prosperity of the people.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ribka BR Silitonga ◽  
Zulkarnain Ishak ◽  
Mukhlis Mukhlis

Indonesia as a country rich in natural resources should have better international trade performance in improving exchange rates. This study aims to investigate the effect of exports, imports, and inflation on the rupiah exchange rate in Indonesia during 2006-2017. The data used is secondary data sourced from Bank Indonesia and the Ministry of Commerce of the Republic of Indonesia. The method used is a quantitative approach by applying multiple linear regression models. The findings of this study indicate that exports, imports have a significant negative effect on the rupiah exchange rate. While inflation has no effect on the rupiah exchange rate in Indonesia.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Ainura Zharylgasynkyzy NURUTDINOVA ◽  
Sabigul Dzhanabaevna BEKISHEVA

The legal regime of environmentally unfavourable territories is studied in the article. Nowadays, more and more areas of the territory of Kazakhstan are exposed to unfavourable impact on the environment due to the increasing influence of developing scientific and technical progress. These activities do not only harm environmental systems and individual natural resources but also complicate and sometimes make it impossible for citizens to live in these areas. Such areas of the territory need to be restored, the damage should be compensated, and the inconveniences of human habitation should be compensated. Thus, there is a need to establish special legal regimes governing the respective responsibilities of those who carry out activities that degrade the environmental situation in these areas, the authorities, and the rights of citizens living in these areas. The objective of the presented study is to analyze the legislation regulating the legal regime of environmentally unfavourable territories in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the international experience of such regulations. As a result of the research, the authors conclude that it is necessary to develop a comprehensive legal regulation to address most of the issues of ensuring the restoration of environmentally unfavourable areas, compensation for environmental damage, and reimbursement to the population.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesea Cojocaru ◽  
Zorina Siscan

&lt;p&gt;The welfare of the Republic of Moldova much depends on the use of its natural resources. However, the pace at which the natural resources are exploited exceeds the ability of the environment to regenerate them. Land resources are the main natural wealth of the country. The conservation and increase of effective fertility of the soils becomes the basic task of the owners of agricultural lands. The methods of the conventional agriculture do not work anymore to make the sector competitive at regional and global markets. New concepts and technologies of Green and Circular economy are of more perspective. They also are more effective under the continuous unbalanced extraction of natural resources which causes environmental damage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The case of Moldova reflects the global trends. Some international studies have shown that the global consumption of materials per capita has doubled, while the consumption of primary energy has tripled in the last hundred years. In other words, each of us consumes three times as much energy and twice as much material as our predecessors consumed in 1900. Moreover, nowadays there are 7.2 billion consumers compared to 1.6 billion in 1900.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, the requirements for quality standards in Green economy are very high and rigid as well as&amp;#160; &amp;#8220;the annual financing demand to green the global economy has been estimated to be in range 1.05 USD to 2.59 USD trillion&amp;#8221; (UNEP, 2011). That is why the Circular ecological economy is seen as more viable solution for world, regional and national economies. &amp;#8221;Ecological economy&amp;#8221; generally refers to an economy in which all the choices regarding production and consumption are made taking into account the welfare of the society and the global health of the environment. &amp;#8221;Circular economy&amp;#8221; implies a system of production and consumption that generates as little loss as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The EU Circular economy Package and CE Stakeholder Platform are a good start for regional economy as well as that of Republic of Moldova as its Associate Member. The beneficial solution for improving the environment of the country consists in redesigning products, production and consumption processes by minimizing waste and transforming that unused part into a resource.&lt;/p&gt;


2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iftar Aryaputra ◽  
Ani Triwati ◽  
Subaidah Ratna Juita

<p>There are some problems with a formulation of fine in the Penal Code. These problems can be identified as follows, first, the number of fine in the Penal Code do not conform with the current state of the economy; second, the last change of nominal fine in the Penal Code is 1960 through Law (Prp) No. 18 of 1960; Third, the fine in the Penal Code already outdated when compared with the penalty of a fine in the special penal laws. The Supreme Court (MA) as the highest authority of the judiciary in Indonesia, issued Regulation No. 2 Year 2012. Issues examined in this study: (1) How to legislative policy (formulation) the reduction of crime by criminal penalties? How applicable are policies tackling crime in the Criminal Code with a penalty before and after the release of Perma No. 2 of 2012? The method used in this research is normative. In addition to using a normative approach, the research was supported by the approach of legislation and case approach. Secondary data as the primary data in this study primarily focused on legislation and court decisions, which were analyzed qualitatively.</p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2A) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Karel ., Wowor

This literature study aims to determine the application of the principle of sustainable development as an effort to prevent environmental damage in the field of mining in terms of Law No. 4 of 2009. Data collection methods used in this literature study, as the material for analysising, using the following methods: (1 ) Research specifications. The type of legal research conducted in answering the problems is normative legal research with the consideration that the starting point of analysis research on the application of sustainable development principles to the laws and regulations of the field of mineral and coal mining. Normative legal research is a literature assessment, so the research used secondary data. (2) Research Data. Materials in this research are taken from secondary data consisting of: (a) Primary legal materials, namely binding legal materials and consist of: (i) the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945; (ii) Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Additions and (iii) Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. (b) Secondary legal substances, ie legal materials that provide explanations of primary legal materials, such as the Draft Law, the opinions of legal experts. (c) Tertiary legal substances, which provide guidance as well as explanations of the primary and secondary legal materials which include such as the Law Dictionary, Indonesian Dictionary, and English Dictionary. (3) Data collection techniques. Collecting data from the writing of this research is done through literature research, a series of efforts to obtain data and facts by way of reading, reviewing, clarifying, identifying and understanding about legal materials in the form of laws and regulations as well as books, literature books, articles, journals, and other sources of relevance to the research problem. The research results show that the company's responsibility in the management of natural resources and the environment is linked to the principle of sustainable development differentiated between social responsibility and absolute responsibility. Social responsibility includes corporate social responsibility programs (CSR). While the absolute responsibility emphasizes that the company should manage the natural resources properly and can be absolutely required accountability in case of damage to the environment. In such a management, coordination and partnership with related parties should be carried out in order to achieve integration and synchronization between economic, social, and environmental. Corporate social and environmental responsibilities should apply some principles of sustainable development, namely: Principles of intergenerational justice, principles of intragenerational justice, principles of early prevention, principles of biodiversity protection, Principles of internalization of environmental costs. Principle, sustainable development as an effort to prevent environmental damage in the field of mining in view of Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining has been implied in several articles in this law. Sustainability in mining does not mean that the activity can be done continuously. In Article 2 and 3 of the Constitution Act of Minerba, it states that there are alignments to the national interest and the principles of sustainability and environmental insight (eco-vision).


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Deffi Ayu Puspito Sari ◽  
Astrid Sugiana ◽  
Ristianti Yuri Ramadhonah ◽  
Suci Innaqa ◽  
Robbi Rahim

Urbanization triggers an increase in urban land conversion. Along with the increasing population and the increasing needs of the shelter, people tend to use the remaining space such as riverbanks and river bodies which are not intended for residential buildings. This has a negative impact on the environmental and river ecosystems, as well as causing the changes in the function of rivers in urban areas, one of it is Ciliwung River which runs through Kampung Pulo. The government seeks to deal with the environmental damage on the riverbank through a revitalization program. This research was conducted to find out the impact of revitalization process by observing biophysical condition of river before and after eviction of people that live in the Ciliwung riverbank and provide a landscape plan of Kampung Pulo segment. Using secondary data of rainfall, land use, land cover and flooded area. The mapping with ArcGIS 10.1 shows there decrease in the area of flood puddle in Kampung Pulo.  


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-295
Author(s):  
Sri Waluyo

This paper discusses the content of Q.S. al-Baqarah ([2]: 67-73). The data used in the preparation of this paper is the data that is primary and secondary. The primary source is data obtained from the core source. In conducting a study of a verse, it is clear that the primary data source is derived from the Qur'an,precisely on Q.S. al-Baqarah ([2]: 67-73). Secondary data is dataobtained from other sources that are still related to the problemand provide interpretation of the primary source. The method usedin analyzing this paper is the tahlili method. This method describesthe meaning contained by the Qur'an, verse by verse, and letterafter letter according to the order in the Mushaf. The descriptionincludes the various aspects which the interpreted verses contain,such as the meaning of the vocabulary, the connotation of thesentence, the background of the verse down, its relation to otherverses, both before and after. And do not miss the opinion that hasbeen given regarding the interpretation of these verses, whetherdelivered by the Prophet, companions, the tabi'in, as well as othercommentators. This study shows that in Q.S. (2): 67-73) there arevalues of moral education which include: 1) morals in asking, (2)morals to parents, (3) patience of educators, (4) educator honesty,and (5) obedience of learners.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document