ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRACTIONS OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF GARCINIA LATTISSIMA MIQ. FRUITS

Objectives: The emergence of new infections and increase in bacterial drug resistance has created a serious need for the expansion of new antibacterial agents from natural sources. The study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of fractions of ethyl acetate extract of Garcinia latissima Miq. fruits.Methods: The fractionation was done using a silica gel column and organic solvents as the eluent, i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. All fractions were assayed for antibacterial activity, which was done by performing disc diffusion for growth inhibition against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the growth inhibition activity was also examined by performing bioautography assay using pre-coated silica gel 60 GF 254 plates as the stationary phase. Fractions A-F were eluted using n-hexane:chloroform (1:4), while Fractions G-K were used ethyl acetate:dichloromethane (4:1) as the mobile phase. The plate was visualized by ultraviolet at λ 254 nm and 366 nm, while the other one was contacted with the inoculated agar medium to observe zone inhibition. Further, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was determined by performing microdilution.Results: The result showed that the antibacterial activity of all fractions was more active at inhibiting the growth of B. subtilis than P. aeruginosa, mainly for Fractions H and J. However, the strongest antibacterial activity was showed by Fractions H and J against B. subtilis, MIC 312.5 μg/mL (lower than reference, which is erythromycin antibiotic (25 μg/mL), followed by Fraction D against B. subtilis MIC 625 μg/mL, Fraction K against P. aeruginosa MIC 625 μg/mL, whereas Fractions C, E, and G against B. subtilis, and Fraction E against P. aeruginosa also showed low MIC values (1.250 μg/mL).Conclusions: The results indicated that fractions of G. latissima Miq. fruit ethyl acetate extracts possessed antibacterial activity. The most active fraction that inhibited the growth of B. subtilis was shown by Fractions H and J; these fractions have the potential to be developed as new antibacterial agents.

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Uji Aktivitas Sitotoksik dan Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Tumbuhan Rengas (Gluta renghas L)

Jurnal Riset Kimia ◽

10.25077/jrk.v11i1.345 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 52-60

Author(s):

Sanusi Ibrahim ◽

Suryati Suryati ◽

Enda Desriansyah Aziz

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Cytotoxicity Activity ◽

E Coli ◽

Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Generally, Gluta renghas L. is known because of its very toxic latex which can cause hard irritations to skin. Although, rengas latex has efficacy as an antibacterial agent. Related to previous research, it has been reported that there are urisol, rengol, glutarengol, laccol, and thitsiol in rengas latex. The woody trunk was reported to contain flavonoid, benzenoid, lipid, and steroid compounds. The leaves, were reported shows that the leaves of G. renghas contain an anticholinesterase substance and can be reduced the rate of hydrolysis of acetylcholine. Extraction of rengas leaves has been carried out. It has been shown phenols, steroids, and coumarins compounds in methanol extract, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and alkaloids compounds in ethyl acetate extract, steroids and alkaloids compounds in hexane extract. In the present, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity have been tested. The results show that the great cytotoxicity activity by ethyl acetate extracts which have an LC50 value is 123,718 µg/mL (R2 0.9822), while the great antibacterial activity shown by methanol extract 1,000 µg/mL with a diameter of inhibition zone 19.02 mm (S. aureus) and 16.06 mm (E. coli).

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Antibacterial activity of Piper betle extracts on Helicobacter pylori and identification of potential compounds

ACADEMIA JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY ◽

10.15625/2615-9023/v41n4.13876 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang ◽

Do Thi Thanh Trung ◽

Nguyen Thi Thanh Thi ◽

Pham Thi Luong Hang ◽

Pham Thi Vinh Hoa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Silica Gel ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Gastric Diseases ◽

Disk Diffusion Assay ◽

H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common infectious bacteria in the world that causes gastric diseases leading to cancer. The increase of multiple antibiotic resistance rates of H. pylori have been reported worldwide. Thus, development of novel drugs is urgently required. Piper betle has many therapeutic values in traditional medicine. In this study, therefore, we investigated antibacterial activity of P. betle extracts and their fractions against a H. pylori strain isolated in Vietnam. The agar disk diffusion assay showed inhibition zone of ethyl acetate extract and methanol extract from P. betle leaf that of were 46 mm and 32 mm in diameter, respectively. After fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract through silica gel column chromatography, two peaks, PD2 and PD3, out of 12 fractions showed the strongest antibacterial activity. PD2 was sub-fractionated further by re-chromatography on the silica gel column, and subfraction TK12 gave best resolution on LC-MS analysis. Finally, 4 potential compounds, quercetrin, calodenin B, vitexin and plicatipyrone, were identified in TK12 fraction.

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An Evaluation of The Antifungal and Antioxidant Activity of Pinus merkusii Bark Ethyl Acetate Extract

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan ◽

10.22146/jik.v15i1.1494 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 102-110

Author(s):

Masendra Masendra ◽

Brandon Aristo Verick Purba Purba ◽

Ganis Lukmandaru

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Potential Source ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Pinus Merkusii ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Pinus merkusii is the only species in the Pinaceae family to grow in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, and serves as a source of wood and oleoresins. During the utilization of this pine, the bark is discarded as residue, however, this residue is possibly a potential source of antifungal and antioxidant agents, due to the polyphenol contents. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the antifungal and antioxidant compounds present in the bark of P. merkusii. The ethyl acetate extracts of Pinus merkusii were fractionated to obtain five fractions (Fr. A- Fr. E) and the bioactivity of each fraction was observed. Subsequently, the growth inhibition against Phanerochaete chrysosporium, was evaluated for antifungal activity, while DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method was used to ascertain antioxidant activity. According to the GC-MS analysis, the ethyl acetate fractions contain triterpenoids and steroids as the dominant compounds as well as minor amounts of mono-sesquiterpenoids and hydrocarbons. The highest growth inhibition exhibited by Fr. C- Fr. E (>60%) indicates triterpenoids and steroids act as a fungal inhibitors. Meanwhile, the five fractions exhibited low antioxidant activity because the steroids and triterpenoids present are possibly ineffective DPPH inhibitors. Also, the antifungal and antioxidant activity R2 values were discovered to correlate 0.3, indicating a low positive correlation.

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Antibacterial activity of Piper betle extracts on Helicobacter pylori and identification of potential compounds

TAP CHI SINH HOC ◽

10.15625/0866-7160/v41n4.13876 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang ◽

Do Thi Thanh Trung ◽

Nguyen Thi Thanh Thi ◽

Pham Thi Luong Hang ◽

Pham Thi Vinh Hoa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Silica Gel ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Gastric Diseases ◽

Disk Diffusion Assay ◽

H Pylori

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Onion and Garlic Extracts Potentiate the Efficacy of Conventional Antibiotics against Standard and Clinical Bacterial Isolates

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026618666180604083313 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 787-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fawzi Mahomoodally ◽

Simla Ramcharun ◽

Gokhan Zengin

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

High Concentration ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Conventional Antibiotics

Introduction: Onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) extracts are traditionally used in many cultures as antimicrobial agents. Nonetheless, there is still a dearth of scientific validation pertaining to the antibacterial and possible antibiotic potentiating activity of these plants. Methods: Decoction as traditionally used and methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone extracts of onion and garlic were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against 15 bacterial strains (6 ATCC strains and 9 clinical isolates) using the broth microdilution method to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions were determined as compared to conventional antibiotics (streptomycin and chloramphenicol). Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) was determined to establish any synergistic interaction between the extracts and antibiotics using a modified checkerboard assay. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of garlic showed bactericidal effect against 1 ATCC (E. coli) and 2 clinical isolates. Streptomycin produced only indifferent effect (FIC 1< and ≤ 4) when combined with ethyl acetate extract of onion. Chloramphenicol showed synergism with ethyl acetate extract of onion against ATCC S. aureus (FIC 0.27-0.30) and Micrococci species (FIC 0.27-0.32). Streptomycin showed mostly antagonism whereas chloramphenicol showed synergism effects with the ethyl acetate extract of garlic. The observed antibacterial activity might be justified due to the presence of high concentration of phenolic compounds in the extracts. Conclusion: This study has provided an opportunity to establish valuable baseline information on the antibiotic potentiating activity of onion and garlic which can be further exploited for the treatment and/or management of infectious diseases.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HEXANE AND ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF KNOXIA SUMATRENSIS (RETZ.) DC.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i7.39750 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

LOGANATHAN S ◽

SELVAM K

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Near Future ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Objective: The study was carried out the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Knoxia sumatrensis (Retz.) Dc. using hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. Methods: The phytochemical screening was extracted from hexane and ethyl acetate solvent and its screening was analyzed by standard procedure. GC-MS technique was analyzed in ethyl acetate extract to identify the components present in the extract. The hexane and ethyl acetate extract of the plant was tested for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria using disk diffusion method. Results: The phytochemical screening was revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, and tannins. The GC-MS results showed that the presence of seven bioactive compounds in ethyl acetate extract. The major compounds were identified such as N-Hexadecanoic Acid (9.336), 2-Piperidinone, N-[4-Bromo-N-Butyl] - (37. 883). The ethyl acetate extract showed good antibacterial activity. The maximum zone of inhibition was noticed in S. aureus (8.25 mm) using ethyl acetate extracts at 50 μg. Conclusion: Thus, this study the information regarding the phytochemical constituents present in the both extract. Hence, it can be used for further therapeutic applications in the near future study.

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Novel Seleno- and Thio-Urea Containing Dihydropyrrol-2-One Analogues as Antibacterial Agents

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10030321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 321

Author(s):

Shekh Sabir ◽

Tsz Tin Yu ◽

Rajesh Kuppusamy ◽

Basmah Almohaywi ◽

George Iskander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Quorum Sensing ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Positive Bacterium ◽

Quorum Sensing Inhibition ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria

The quorum sensing (QS) system in multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as P. aeruginosa is primarily responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance and is considered an attractive target for antimicrobial drug discovery. In this study, we synthesised a series of novel selenourea and thiourea-containing dihydropyrrol-2-one (DHP) analogues as LasR antagonists. The selenium DHP derivatives displayed significantly better quorum-sensing inhibition (QSI) activities than the corresponding sulphur analogues. The most potent analogue 3e efficiently inhibited the las QS system by 81% at 125 µM and 53% at 31 µM. Additionally, all the compounds were screened for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus, and interestingly, only the selenium analogues showed antibacterial activity, with 3c and 3e being the most potent with a MIC of 15.6 µM.

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α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Extracts and Compounds from the Leaves of Ruellia tuberosa L.

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315511666210218214955 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Le Nguyen Tuong Vi ◽

Nguyen Ngoc Tuan ◽

Quach Tong Hung ◽

Pham Thi Nhat Trinh ◽

Tong Thanh Danh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Spectroscopic Method ◽

Positive Control ◽

Strong Activity ◽

Butanol Extract ◽

Glucosidase Inhibitor ◽

Inhibitory Activities ◽

Bio Assay ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Background: In recent years, the study of the structure and biological activity of medicinal plants has a particularly important to search for diabetes medicine. Ruellia tuberosa is used to treat various diseases such as diabetes by inhibiting the activity of α-glucosidase. Objective: In this study, experiment was designed to isolated isolate and identified identify α-glucosidase inhibitory extracts and compounds from Ruellia tuberosa L. through bio-assay guided isolation. Method: Dry powder of Ruellia tuberosa L. was extracted with 70% ethanol, then liquid-liquid partition with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol, respectively. The extracts were evaluated with α-glucosidase inhibition. The potential extracts were isolated and identified compounds. The effects of these compounds on the α-glucosidase inhibitory were evaluated. Results: The a-glucosidase inhibitory activities showed that the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and the butanol extract had the α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 of 46.2 0.9, 6.6 2.9 and 8.9  μg/mL, respectively. From the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts, the structures of four compounds were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic method, including lupeol (1), syringaresinol (2), apigenin (3), verbascoside (4). The a-glucosidase inhibitory activities showed that all isolated compounds were more active than the positive control - acarbose with an IC50 of 37.5  0.4; 19.5  0.2; 20.1  0.3; 69.3  0.2 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract showed strong activity about 19 times more than positive control - acarbose. The compound syringaresinol (2) was the most powerful α-glucosidase inhibitor. Therefore, Ruellia tuberosa L. contains many compounds that can inhibit α-glucosidase activity.

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Vasodilatory effects and underlying mechanisms of the ethyl acetate extracts from Gastrodia elata

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2016-0407 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 564-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rong Dai ◽

Ting Wang ◽

Xiaoqin Si ◽

Yuanyuan Jia ◽

Lili Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Vascular Tone ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Rat Aorta ◽

Gastrodia Elata ◽

Vasodilatory Effect ◽

Intracellular Ca ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The objective of this study was to assess the ethyl acetate extracts of Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) on vascular tone and the mechanisms involved. GEB was extracted with 95% EtOH followed by a further extraction with ethyl acetate. The effects of GEB and its ingredients on the isometric tensions of the aortic rings from rats were measured. The ethyl acetate extract of GEB induced a vasodilatory effect on rat aorta, which was partially dependent on endothelium. Four chemical compounds isolated from GEB were identified as 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DB), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HB), 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (MA), and 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl methane (DM), respectively. All of these compounds induced vasodilatations, which were dependent on the endothelium to different degrees. After pretreatment with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, indomethacin, or methylene blue, the vasodilatations induced by DB, HB, and MA were significantly decreased. In addition, the contractions of the rat aortic rings due to Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ release were also inhibited by DM. Furthermore, the administration of DB significantly enhanced the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and the activities of the endothelial NO synthase in aorta and in endothelial cells. Thus, GEB may play an important role in the amelioration of hypertension by modulating vascular tones.

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Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daging Buah Mangga Kasturi (Mangifera Casturi) terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa dan Bacillus Cereus

Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/bpk.v49i2.4682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 113-122

Author(s):

Meliana Meliana ◽

Sogandi Sogandi ◽

Ekajayanti Kining

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Kasturi (Mangifera casturi) is a typical plant of South Kalimantan which has only been used for consumption because of its distinctive taste and aroma. Mangifera indica, which is in the same genus as Mangifera casturi, shows antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiarrheal activity, so it is suspected that this plant has the same activity. Crude methanol extract from the meat of Casturi mango was fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water. Testing for antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were carried out using the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). The positive control used was Chloramphenicol because it has an antibacterial range that is rather broad and the negative control used was 10% DMSO. The fraction that had the greatest antibacterial activity was the ethyl acetate fraction; with the formation of a clear zone of 7.98mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 7.52mm against Bacillus cereus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2mg/mL. The next test was a cell leakage analysis which revealed an increase in absorbance at MIC 1 and MIC 2. The Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results from the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoid, and glycoide content, with the highest compound concentration of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Keywords: Antibacterial, Extract, Ethyl acetate, fraction, Mangifera casturi Abstrak Kasturi (Mangifera casturi) merupakan tumbuhan khas Kalimantan Selatan yang selama ini hanya dimanfaatkan untuk dikonsumsi karena rasa dan aromanya yang khas. Mangifera indica yang masih satu genus dengan Mangifera casturi menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri, antijamur, dan antidiare sehingga diduga tanaman ini memiliki aktivitas yang sama. Ekstrak kasar metanol daging buah mangga kasturi difraksinasi dengan menggunakan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan metanol-air. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dan kadar hambat minimum dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi cakram (Kirby- Bauer). Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah Chloramfenikol karena memiliki spektrum antibakteri yang cukup luas dan kontrol negatif yang digunakan adalah DMSO 10%. Fraksi yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terbesar pada penelitian ini adalah fraksi etil asetat dengan terbentuknya zona bening sebesar 7,98mm terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan 7,52mm terhadap Bacillus cereus dengan kadar hambat minimum 2mg/mL. Uji selanjutnya adalah uji kebocoran sel yang menyatakan adanya peningkatan absorbansi pada KHM 1 dan KHM 2. Hasil pemeriksaan Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) dari fraksi etil asetat menyatakan adanya kandungan fenolik, flavonoid, dan glikosida dengan senyawa tertinggi yaitu 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Ekstrak, Etil asetat, Fraksi, Mangifera castur

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