scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF HERBAL AND CHEMICAL NEONATAL EYE DROPS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Nitika Thakur ◽  
Jyoti Kumari ◽  
Monu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Broth Dilution

Objective: The present study focuses on exploring the antimicrobial potential of chemical (Tobastar and natamycin) and herbal eye drops (Itone) which are specifically preferred against neonatal eye infections.Methods: Well diffusion method (for testing the antimicrobial potential of selected eye drops against different bacterial and fungal strains), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (broth dilution method) for detecting the MIC effective against various strains taken into consideration.Results: The results indicated that Itone and Tobastar are effective against bacterial strains, thus highlighting the importance of these two eye drops against bacterial infections, whereas natamycin is effective against fungal infection.Conclusion: It may be concluded that the herbal eye drop (Itone) and the chemical eye drop (Tobastar) are effective against bacterial infections. The components such as neem, tulsi, kapur, and honey in herbal composition possess good antibacterial activity confirming the great potential of bioactive compounds and are useful for the growth inhibition of the carcinogenic bacterium. The alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins are based on antibiotic principles and are actually the defensive mechanisms of the plant against pathogens and chemical eye drop, that is, natamycin is effective against fungal infections, which may be due to the presence of polyene antifungal agent which works against fungal infections. There is a need to optimize the blending of the different herbal and chemical components to form a single effective antimicrobial formulation (more of herbal component and less chemical components) against neonatal infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Detection of qac Genes from Disinfectant-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Salon Tools in Ishaka Town, Bushenyi District of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Solange Gahongayire ◽  
Adamu Almustapha Aliero ◽  
Charles Drago Kato ◽  
Alice Namatovu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compound ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

Bacterial infections are on a rise with causal-resistant strains increasing the economic burden to both patients and healthcare providers. Salons are recently reported as one of the sources for transmission of such resistant bacterial strains. The current study aimed at the identification of the prevalent bacteria and characterization of quaternary ammonium compound (qac) genes from disinfectant-resistant S. aureus isolated from salon tools in Ishaka town, Bushenyi District of Uganda. A total of 125 swabs were collected from different salon tools (combs, brushes, scissors, clippers, and shaving machines), and prevalent bacteria were isolated using standard microbiological methods. Identification of isolated bacteria was done using standard phenotypic methods including analytical profile index (API). Susceptibility patterns of the isolated bacteria to disinfectant were determined using the agar well diffusion method. Quaternary ammonium compound (qac) genes (qacA/B and qacC) associated with disinfectant resistances were detected from disinfectant-resistant S. aureus using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing methods. Of the 125 swab samples collected from salons, 78 (62.4%) were contaminated with different bacteria species. Among the salon tools, clippers had the highest contamination of 20 (80.0%), while shaving machines had the lowest contamination of 11 (44.0%). The most prevalent bacteria identified were Staphylococcus epidermidis (28.1%) followed by S. aureus (26.5%). Of all the disinfectants tested, the highest resistance was shown with sodium hypochlorite 1%. Out of the eight (8) disinfectant-resistant S. aureus analysed for qac genes, 2 (25%) isolates (STP6 and STP9) were found to be qacA/B positive, while 2 (25%) isolates (STP8 and STP9) were found to be qacC gene positive. This study has shown that bacterial contamination of salon tools is common, coupled with resistance to disinfectants with sodium hypochlorite resistance being more common. Furthermore, observed resistance was attributed to the presence of qac genes among S. aureus isolates. A search for qac genes for disinfectant resistance from other bacteria species is recommended.

GROWTH INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF THE RHIZOME CRUDE EXTRACT OF Curcuma longa ON THE HUMAN PATHOGENIC FUNGUS Mucor circinelloides

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen Anh ◽  
Mai Le Thi Tuyet ◽  
Trung Trieu Anh
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method

Mucormycosis is an uncommon but life-threatening invasive fungal infection, mostly occurs in immunocompromised patients. Lacking the appropriate antifungal drugs is one of the reasons that lead to difficulties in the management of mucormycosis. Curcuma longa has been used traditionally and widely to treat various diseases, including fungal infections. In the search for novel antifungal compounds from natural resources, we evaluated the effect of rhizome crude extract of C. longa on Mucor circinelloides – a causal agent of mucormycosis. The results of screening, using broth dilution method and agar-well diffusion method, showed that the C. longa extract exhibited promising antifungal activity against the fungus M. circinelloides. In liquid medium, C. longa extract decreased the ability of spore germination and the speed of hyphae formation of M. circinelloides decreased by up to approximately 70% and 90%, respectively. Besides, in a solid medium, the crude extract presented similar activity with amphotericin B (400 μg\mL) in decreasing the growth of M. circinelloides by nearly 77%. Moreover, the extract of C. longa also likely to induce the yeast-like type of growth of the dimorphic M. circinelloides in the early stage. These results suggest the plant could be a potential source for further study on biochemical components and the mechanism of its antifungal activity.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION, QSAR AND MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES OF 2,4-DICHLOROBENZOIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
SAMRIDHI THAKRAL ◽  
VIKRAMJEET SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Docking Simulation ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Qsar Studies ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid derivatives as antimicrobial agents through in vitro, QSAR and molecular docking studies. Methods: The compounds were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial screening by test tube dilution method and the structural characteristics governing the antimicrobial potential were studied using QSAR methodology. These compounds were also screened for docking simulation to find out binding confirmation of reported compounds with PDB 1aj0 and 5fsa using AutoDock tools and discovery studio. Results: The antimicrobial evaluation data indicated that compounds 13 and 18 were found to be the most effective against all the bacterial strains and Aspergillus niger while compounds 1 and 14 exhibited more antifungal potential against Candida albicans. QSAR studies confirmed the role of molar refractivity and Balaban index (J) as controlling parameters for antimicrobial potential. Molecular modeling study revealed that compounds interact with the active site of PDB by hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and Van der Wall interactions. Conclusion: These test compounds were identified as potent candidates for the control of microbial strains tested, and structural relationship with activity may provide valuable information for further design and synthesis of compounds with antimicrobial potential.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Potential of Aloe weloensis (Aloeacea) Leaf Latex against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yohannes Kelifa Emiru ◽  
Ebrahim Abdela Siraj ◽  
Tekleab Teka Teklehaimanot ◽  
Gedefaw Getnet Amare
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Objective. To evaluate the antibacterial effects of the leaf latex of Aloe weloensis against infectious bacterial strains. Methods. The leaf latex of A. weloensis at different concentrations (400, 500, and 600 mg/ml) was evaluated for antibacterial activities using the disc diffusion method against some Gram-negative species such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 14700) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 35619) and Gram-positive such as Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 50080) and Enterococcus fecalis (ATCC 4623). Results. The tested concentrations of the latex ranging between 400 and 600 mg·mL−1 showed significant antibacterial activity against bacterial strain. The highest dose (600 mg/ml) of A. weloensis leaf latex revealed the maximum activity (25.93 ± 0.066 inhibition zone) followed by the dose 500 mg/ml against S. aureus. The lowest antibacterial activity was observed by the concentration 400 mg/ml (5.03 ± 0.03) against E. coli. Conclusion. The results of the present investigation suggest that the leaf latex of A. weloensis can be used as potential leads to discover new drugs to control some bacterial infections.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LUDWIGIA PARVIFLORA L. AGAINST STANDARD BACTERIAL STRAINS AND COMPARISON OF ITS ACTIVITY WITH THAT OF STANDARD ANTIBIOTICS

2019 ◽  
pp. 430-432
Author(s):  
SHIBU GEORGE ◽  
MEVLIN JOY
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Common ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Ludwigia parviflora L. using standard bacterial strains and compare its activity with that of standard antibiotics. Methods: The antibacterial activity and antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by disk diffusion method using MTCC bacterial strains. Results: The study revealed that the methanolic extract of the whole plant of L. parviflora L. was effective to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Among the tested strains, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli were more susceptible to the methanolic extract of L. parviflora than the commonly using antibiotic tetracycline 30 mcg. The activity of methanolic extract was also higher than the activity of gentamicin 10 mcg against the P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: The study concluded that the crude methanolic extract of the whole plant of L. parviflora L. is a good source for antibacterial agent against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli. Hence, this plant can be used as a natural alternative to the common antibiotics such as gentamicin and tetracycline against common bacterial infections after validating its pharmacological and toxicological activities.

scholarly journals Essential Oils from Fruit and Vegetables, Aromatic Herbs, and Spices: Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Soumi De-Montijo-Prieto ◽  
María del Carmen Razola-Díaz ◽  
Ana María Gómez-Caravaca ◽  
Eduardo Jesús Guerra-Hernandez ◽  
María Jiménez-Valera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains

In the field of food preservation, encapsulated Essential Oils (EOs) could be the best non-toxic and eco-friendly tool for food preservative applications substituting the chemicals ones that have several disadvantages for the environment and health. Thirteen commercial EOs from plants, fruits, and vegetables were characterized by GC-MS. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH and ABTS techniques. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by agar well-diffusion method and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by agar dilution method against six bacteria, Candida albicans, and Botrytis cinerea. All the EOs tested have demonstrated antioxidant activity in the range of IC50 0.01–105.32 mg/mL. Between them, cinnamon EOs were the best, followed by oregano and thyme EOs. Fennel EO showed the lowest radical scavenging. MIC values ranged from 0.14 to 9 mg/mL. C. cassia, thyme, and oregano EOs were the most effective against the bacterial species tested, and the yeast C. albicans. On the contrary, citric fruit EOs showed low or no inhibition against most bacterial strains. The percentages of inhibition of mycelia growth of B. cinerea ranged from 3.4 to 98.5%. Thyme, oregano, mint, and fennel EOs showed the highest inhibition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial activity of vitamin C against human bacterial pathogens

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mumtaz ◽  
S. Mumtaz ◽  
S. Ali ◽  
H. M. Tahir ◽  
S. A. R. Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Adjunct Treatment

Abstract Now a day’s multidrug resistance phenomenon has become the main cause for concern and there has been an inadequate achievement in the development of novel antibiotics to treat the bacterial infections. Therefore, there is an unmet need to search for novel adjuvant. Vitamin C is one such promising adjuvant. The present study was aimed to elucidate the antibacterial effect of vitamin C at various temperatures (4°C, 37°C and 50°C) and pH (3, 8, and 11), against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at various concentrations (5-20 mg/ml) through agar well diffusion method. Growth inhibition of all bacterial strains by vitamin C was concentration-dependent. Vitamin C significantly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus licheniformis (25.3 ± 0.9 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22.0 ± 0.6 mm), Bacillus subtilis (19.3 ± 0.3 mm) and Gram-negative bacteria: Proteus mirabilis (27.67 ± 0.882 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.33±0.9 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.0 ± 1.5 mm) and Escherichia coli (18.3 ± 0.3 mm). The stability of vitamin C was observed at various pH values and various temperatures. Vitamin C showed significant antibacterial activity at acidic pH against all bacterial strains. Vitamin C remained the stable at different temperatures. It was concluded that vitamin C is an effective and safe antibacterial agent that can be used in the future as an adjunct treatment option to combat infections in humans.

scholarly journals Isolation and Antimicrobial Activity of β-Sitosterol-3-O-Glucoside from Lannea Kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiacea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 004-008
Author(s):  
Njinga N. S. ◽  
Sule M. I. ◽  
Pateh U. U. ◽  
Hassan H. S. ◽  
Abdullahi S. T. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
C Nmr

AbstractThe emergence of more and more drug resistance bacteria has led to the study of the antimicrobial activity of the compound isolated from Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiacea) since the active principles of many drugs found in plants are secondary metabolites. A compound was isolated using dry vacuum liquid chromatography and eluting with CHCl3 -EtOAc and monitored using TLC. 3 1 13 The glycoside was characterized using 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra recorded in DMSO-d6 at 400 MHz and 125 MHz, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the compound was determined using agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/minimum fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) was determined using broth dilution method. The compound isolated was found to be β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside. The β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (200μg/ml) was active against S. aureus, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, P. mirabilis, S. typhi, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, B. subtilis with zone of inhibition ranging from 24mm to 34mm and inactive against P. aeroginosa and Proteus vulgaris. It was also active against the fungi C. albicans and C. tropicalis but inactive against C. krusei. The MIC ranged from 25 to 50 μg/ml while the MBC/MFC ranged from 50 to 200 μg/ml. These results show the wide spectrum antimicrobial activity of β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside.

scholarly journals Antibacterial properties of an Indian traditional medicinal plant, Rhynchosia scarabaeoides (L.) DC. (Fabaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surekha Challa ◽  
Kiran K. Rajam ◽  
Vishnu V. V. Satyanarayana Kasapu ◽  
Suresh Kumar Tanneeru ◽  
Venkata Siva Satyanarayana Kantamreddi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

<em>Rhynchosia scarabaeoides </em>(L.) DC plant parts are extensively used by traditional healers in India to treat a variety of bacterial diseases, such as dysentery, diarrohea and skin disorders. This article reports the antibacterial activities of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts belonging to the leaf, stem and root parts of <em>R. scarabaeoides</em> against five bacterial strains, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Klebseilla pneumonia</em>, <em>Proteus vulgaris</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, using an agar gel diffusion method. The range of inhibition zone (IZ) was found to be 15-24 mm and the minimum inhibitory activity (MIC) was found to be 1 mL/well. The IZ was found to be higher in ethyl acetate extracts while this was moderate in ethanol extracts, and no activity was seen with n-hexane extracts or root extracts. The MIC value of leaf ethyl acetate extract was found to be 1 mg against bacterial strains <em>P. vulgaris</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>, whereas 2 mg was found against <em>B. subtilis</em>, <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and <em>E. coli</em>. These results support the traditional usage of R. scarabaeoides plant parts in the treatment of bacterial infections. Interestingly, this plant was screened for antibacterial activity for the first time and was found to be active. Detailed chemical investigations are, therefore, warranted.

In-vitro evaluation of cisplatin nanoparticles encompass natural polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bhavani J ◽  
Sunil Kumar Prajapati ◽  
Ravichandran S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

Opportunistic bacterial infections are common in the various parts of human body. In recent years bacterial species have shown resistance against a number of synthetic drugs. This study measured the antibacterial activity of bacterial strains against five common pathogenic bacteria related strains. Cup plate method and two fold serial dilution method were used to evaluated by antibacterial activity by the help of different bacterial related strains. The results revealed that Cisplatin (CIP) using natural as a polymer showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 250 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml of the broth against all bacterial strains. CIP using natural as a polymer was prepared different doses1000 μg/ml and 2000 μg/ ml and measured zone of inhibition dose dementedly reduced when compared to standard. The CIP using natural as a polymer exhibited strong anti-bacterial activity against five different species of bacteria and this may be attributed to various active components. Our research work has been indicated Nanoparticles containing CIP using natural as a polymer formulated for the enhanced anti-cancer activity through antimicrobial mechanism. 

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