scholarly journals «Язык» тела: тело в трансляции сенсорной информации в традиционном мировоззрении тюрко-монгольских народов

Author(s):  
Marina M. Sodnompilova ◽  

The article aims to study the information context of the body signs and the perception of this information by Inner Asian nomads in terms of man and nature interaction. Methods. The research is based on general scientific methods and particular methods of historical science, such as the historical-comparative research method and the method of cultural-historical reconstruction. Materials. In terms of studies of humans as social and biological beings, it is relevant to examine the human body in the system of traditional somatic representations of the Turkic-Mongolian peoples of Inner Asia. In their worldview, the human body represents a specialized “map” of messages of a physiological nature, where organs and body parts were seen as symmetrical and their messages were perceived as negative or positive, depending on location on the left or on the right. Of relevance was also whether the sign came from the upper or lower part of a particular organ. Special attention was paid to the “movements” of the liver and the heart. Conclusions. The study shows that the world that surrounds a person appeared as a complex multidimensional information space, with sensory information playing an important part in its perception. This information was not limited to images created by the senses. In fact, the entire body, including internal organs, was perceived as such a conductor, with various manifestations of a physiological nature, such as trembling, noises, itching, and pains serving as “messages”. Individuals that had special body sensitivity were described as those of “open flesh” or of “light bones”; these were usually the only child in the family or one of the twins.

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Besim Arifi

Among the very important investigative actions is the autopsy. It is conducted by forensic doctors that work-competent. The autopsy realized with a court order and performed the function of whitening/lightening of the investigation, given that the main purpose is to conduct the autopsy the cause of death. The assignment of cause of death, carried out with scientific methods by doctors who are open corpse are able to describe all wounds and other injuries caused by any means or substance that is used in connection with the case which has caused death person. Such a finding is of particular importance, because it orients the court and the prosecution in the right direction and also helps in determining the overall investigation. The autopsy realized that almost all cases of suspected violent death of any nature whatsoever. Also it developed to see the inside of the human body, through which remain wound caused by guns or by other means, as well as those who have followed the path during the passage through the human body. During the autopsy done and external examination of the corpse underskirt any stage or time that the body was found. Even if the corpse found after a certain time is still required an examination of detail of that corpse, to examine and ascertain the condition in which it found it first and wounds that had and description of all positions these wounds. We can say that a criminal investigation is halved in terms of its validity, if in this case the information is not developed autopsy. Professional court would not accept any test given on the case, if the same does not report detailed the autopsy.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Besim Arifi

Among the very important investigative actions is the autopsy. It is conducted by forensic doctors that work-competent. The autopsy realized with a court order and performed the function of whitening/lightening of the investigation, given that the main purpose is to conduct the autopsy the cause of death. The assignment of cause of death, carried out with scientific methods by doctors who are open corpse are able to describe all wounds and other injuries caused by any means or substance that is used in connection with the case which has caused death person. Such a finding is of particular importance, because it orients the court and the prosecution in the right direction and also helps in determining the overall investigation. The autopsy realized that almost all cases of suspected violent death of any nature whatsoever. Also it developed to see the inside of the human body, through which remain wound caused by guns or by other means, as well as those who have followed the path during the passage through the human body. During the autopsy done and external examination of the corpse underskirt any stage or time that the body was found. Even if the corpse found after a certain time is still required an examination of detail of that corpse, to examine and ascertain the condition in which it found it first and wounds that had and description of all positions these wounds. We can say that a criminal investigation is halved in terms of its validity, if in this case the information is not developed autopsy. Professional court would not accept any test given on the case, if the same does not report detailed the autopsy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
Dmytro Pryimachenko ◽  
Andriy Ivanskyy ◽  
Vladyslav Lipynskyi ◽  
Oleksii Matvieiev ◽  
Artem Povoroznik

Freedom of expression, personal integrity, respect for honor and dignity, the right to an adequate standard of living, living conditions, and health care are among the fundamental human rights in the civilized world. Ignoring these opportunities in such criminal activities as human trafficking is an unacceptable phenomenon for today's reality. Yet, it exists. It is a challenge for researchers in various humanities, for policy- and decision-makers to create a system of effective counteraction to the violation of the inviolability of state borders and the fight against human trafficking. In this study, we focused on the relationship between the illegal border crossing and the analysis of the phenomenon of trafficking in persons, as well as their comparative characteristics and legislation to combat these phenomena. The subject of the study is public relations regarding illegal border crossing and human trafficking. Research methods are general scientific and special scientific methods, in particular, systemic, historical, comparative, and statistical. The study characterized the genesis of international regulation of combating trafficking in persons; found commonalities and differences between the phenomena of illegal border crossing and trafficking in persons; described the signs of trafficking in persons, particularly, as a crime; provided relevant legislation regarding illegal border crossing and human trafficking.


Author(s):  
Anne Phillips

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kochu Therisa Karingada ◽  
Michael Sony

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has caught many educational institutions by surprise and warranted an abrupt migration from offline to online learning. This has resulted in an education change, without any time for due consideration, as regards its impact on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) on students. The purpose of this study is to investigate MSD related to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduate students in India. In total, 261 students participated in this online survey.FindingsThe study finds that around 80% of students have reported some symptom in the head, neck and eyes since they started online learning. In total, 58% have reported MSD symptom in the right shoulder and 56% in the right hand fingers. Besides, more than 40 % of students experienced some MSD symptoms, in almost all the body parts studied, due to online learning. Correlation analysis is conducted between time spent on online learning per day and MSD symptoms.Originality/valueThis is the first study conducted on MSD and online learning during COVID-19 pandemic.


2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 06006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaldi Ednin Vernia ◽  
Anais Tritto ◽  
Abinawanto Abinawanto ◽  
Nurul Winarni ◽  
Anita mayasari ◽  
...  

Black-winged myna (Acridotheres melanopterus) is an endemic bird of Java and Bali, currently critically endangered based on International Union of Conservation for Nature (IUCN) since 2010. The study about black-winged myna morphological characteristic is important because it has two relatives with almost identical features of morphology. The information can be used as a basis in breeding management to avoid hybridization. The study aims to determine the morphological characteristics of black-winged myna. The sample selection was done using purposive sampling method. Data was taken from 36 black-winged mynas with >=2 years old. Data collection was done by measuring and documenting every morphological feature of the observed body parts. Documentation of the wings, back, chest, head and sides of the body are taken from each bird using a digital camera. The results showed that almost the entire body of black-winged myna covered by white feather, black feather only present on the cover of the wings and tail. Black eyes surrounded by yellow skin without feather. The beak is orange with blackish parts around the nostrils. The bird has yellow legs with three fingers at the front and one finger at the back. The average body length of this bird is 22.5 cm, weight 89.02 g, width 5.98 cm, body circumference 14.36 cm and wingspan 38.49 cm.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Tze-wan

AbstractIn the Shuowen, one of the earliest comprehensive character dictionaries of ancient China, when discussing where the Chinese characters derive their structural components, Xu Shen proposed the dual constitutive principle of “adopting proximally from the human body, and distally from things around.” This dual emphasis of “body” and “things around” corresponds largely to the phenomenological issues of body or corporeality on the one hand, and lifeworld on the other. If we borrow Heidegger’s definition of Dasein as Being-in-the world, we can easily arrive at a reformulation of Xu Shen’s constitutive principle of the Chinese script as one that concerns “bodily Dasein.” By looking into various examples of script tokens we can further elaborate on how the Chinese make use not only of the body in general but various body parts, and how they differentiate their life world into material nature, living things, and a multifaceted world of equipment in forming a core basis of Chinese characters/components, upon which further symbolic manipulation such as “indication”, “phonetic borrowing”, semantic combination, and “annotative derivation”, etc. can be based. Finally, examples will be cited to show how in the Chinese scripts the human body (and its parts) might interact with other’s bodies (and their parts) or with “things around” (whether nature, living creatures, or artifacts) in various ways to cover the social, environmental, ritual, technical, economical, and even intellectual aspects of human experience. Bodily Dasein, so to speak, provides us with a new perspective of understanding and appreciating the entire scope of the Chinese script.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
Nguyen Anh Quoc ◽  
Nguyen Minh Tri ◽  
Nguyen Anh Thuong ◽  
Dinh The Hoang ◽  
Nguyen Van Bung

Man and nature is a unity between body and individual in behavior. Humans are liberty, creative, happy subjects in behavior and labor. By behavior and labor, humans produce tools, spare parts, machines, and robots to replace internal organs, lengthen the senses, and lengthen defective body parts. Evolution is no longer a mutation in the body but the assembly of accessories into organs, senses, and body parts when needed. People use devices that are manufactured to be used for what people want depending on specific conditions and circumstances. Labor and behavior make objectification of people, but alienated behavior and alienated labor make humanize the object. The time to enjoy liberty, creativity, and happiness is human, and the time to perform alienated behavior and alienated labor is the time to live for the non-human. People are corrupted into slavery to standards, money. It is the process of self-torture, torturing oneself; and the nobility of standards, the wealth of money is the unhappy product of life. Humans are liberty, creative and happy subjects; alienated human beings are all helpless, unhappy, deceit. Money, standards are products of helplessness, unhappiness, lies. Standards, money remove people from life.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
M. Lippert-Grüner ◽  
B. Bakaláø ◽  
R. Zajíèek ◽  
F. Duška

Zusammenfassung Die Optimierung der motorischen Leistung und die Einbindung und Vernetzung bisher nicht verwendeter motorischer Einheiten sowie die vermehrte Ausschüttung neurotropher Faktoren sind zentrale Mechanismen der Vibrationswirkung, die therapeutisch auf einzelne Körperteile oder den gesamten Körper angewendet werden können. Eine Möglichkeit, die Frühmobilisation bei kritisch kranken Patienten effektiver zu gestalten und immobilitätsbedingten Veränderungen vorzubeugen, könnte die Verwendung des Vibramoov™-Systems sein. Gezielt programmierte Vibrationssequenzen stimulieren hier das Nervensystem mit sensorischen Informationen, die die Empfindung einer Bewegung nachahmen (z. B. des Gehens) und somit Regenerations- und Reor-ganisationsprozesse im zentralen Nervensystem unterstützen können. Von Bedeutung ist dieser Therapieansatz vor allem bei Patienten, bei denen aufgrund ihres Zustandes konventionelle Maßnahmen nicht oder nur eingeschränkt durchgeführt werden können. Da bisher keine Erfah-rungen zur Anwendung bei intensivpflichtigen Patienten verfügbar sind, wurde eine Pilotstudie durchgeführt mit der Fragestellung, ob diese Therapieform sicher ist und im normalen Betrieb auf der Intensivstation verwendet werden kann. Die Ergebnisse der Pilotstudie mit fünf Patienten zei-gen, dass die Anwendung von Vibramoov™ zu keiner wesentlichen Veränderung kardiopulmo-naler Parameter im Sinne einer Non-Toleranz führte und im klinischen Setting gut umsetzbar war. Schlüsselwörter: Frührehabilitation, Imagination von Bewegung, Intensivstation, Vibramoov™ Imagination of movement through vibrational stimuli – a new approach to early mobilization in intensive care units? A pilot study Abstract The optimization of motor performance and the integration and networking of previously unused motor units, as well as the increased release of neurotrophic factors, are central mechanisms related to the vibration effect that can be applied therapeutically to individual parts of the body or to the entire body. One way to make early mobilization more effective in critically ill patients and to prevent changes due to immobility could be rehabilitation with functional proprioceptive stimulation, also known as “illusory movement”. Specifically programmed vibration sequences stimulate the nervous system with sensory information that mimics the sensation of movement (e. g., walking) and can thus support regeneration and reorganization processes in the central nervous system. This therapeutic approach is particularly important for patients who, due to their condition, cannot – or only to a limited extent – carry out conventional measures. Since no experience has so far been available for use in intensive care patients, we carried out a pilot study to answer the question of whether this form of therapy can be used safely and in normal operations in the intensive care unit. The results of the pilot study with 5 patients showed that the use of Vibramoov™ did not lead to any significant change in cardiopulmonary parameters in terms of non-tolerance and was easy to implement in a clinical setting. Keywords: early rehabilitation, illusory movements, ICU, functional proprio-ceptive stimulation


Author(s):  
Irīna Poļevaja

A defence attorney is a significant and notable figure in criminal proceedings who for the whole procedural activity in a criminal case, in theory, should facilitate detecting and correcting possible judicial mistakes. In this respect, it is vital to conduct a series of research in order to highlight prevalent problems and issues of a defence attorney’s participation in criminal trials and to work out relevant recommendations for trial attorneys that would help to forestall, detect and prevent judicial mistakes. A specific condition of a defence attorney’s activity in the process of evidencing at a judicial examination is his awareness of the entire system of evidences presented by the prosecution and accusation conclusions in disputable classification situations. They should rely upon the fact that a judicial examination is performed under circumstances of direct examination of evidence, oral proceedings, publicity, invariability of the body of the court, as well as the fact that both the court and the representatives of the parties take part at the examination. Rather short deadlines of a judicial examination entails working under circumstances when decisions must be taken under extreme conditions, by applying tricks and methods that would allow examining all evidence in the most productive way. It makes sense for a defence attorney to state his activity position and determination of taking an active part in evidencing already at the beginning of court hearings, by filing a motion to summoning new witnesses, experts and specialists, disclosure of material evidence and documents or exclusion of evidence obtained in the way of violating the law. 
The author of the study applied general scientific methods of studying objective reality, peculiar to legal sciences: systematic document analysis, structural-functional analysis, critical approach, generalisation and prediction. As a result, the author provides numerous recommendations and rules for successful and immaculate defence in criminal trials. Aizstāvis ir nozīmīga, ievērojama figūra kriminālprocesā, jo aizstāvja procesuālajai darbībai krimināllietā teorētiski būtu jāatvieglo iespējamo tiesas kļūdu konstatēšana un labošana. Un šajā sakarā ir vitāli svarīgi veikt virkni pētījumu, lai izceltu problēmjautājumus, kas saistīti ar aizstāvja piedalīšanos krimināllietās, un izstrādātu tādas rekomendācijas aizstāvjiem, kas praktiskajā darbībā sekmētu tiesas kļūdu paredzēšanu, konstatēšanu un novēršanu. 
Par specifisku priekšnoteikumu aizstāvja darbībai pierādīšanas procesā tiesas izmeklēšanā ir uzskatāma viņa pilnā informētība par visu pierādījumu sistēmu lietā, kuru piedāvā valsts apsūdzība, un par valsts apsūdzības apsvērumiem strīdus krimināltiesiskās kvalifikācijas gadījumos. Aizstāvim jāņem vērā, ka tiesas izmeklēšana norit pierādījumu tiešas un nepastarpinātas pārbaudes apstākļos, ievērojot mutiskuma, publicitātes un tiesas sastāva nemainīguma principus. Pierādījumu pārbaudē piedalās gan tiesa, gan visi pārējie procesa dalībnieki, kas nav aizstāvības pusē. Likuma prasība ievērot saprātīgus lietas iztiesāšanas termiņus paredz saspringtu darbu, svarīgus lēmumus pieņemot ekstremālos procesuālos apstākļos, izmantojot tādus paņēmienus un metodes, kas veicinātu efektīvu pierādījumu kopuma pārbaudi un novērtēšanu. Aizstāvim būtu ieteicams deklarēt savu aktīvu procesuālo pozīciju un paust gatavību aktīvi piedalīties pierādīšanā jau tiesas izmeklēšanas sākumā, piesakot lūgumus par jauno liecinieku, ekspertu un/vai speciālistu aicināšanu uz tiesas sēdi, kā arī piesakot lūgumus par lietisko pierādījumu un/vai dokumentu pieprasīšanu un par pierādījumu, kas iegūti, pārkāpjot likumu, izslēgšanu no pierādījumu kopuma. 
Šajā pētījumā ir izmantotas vispārīgās zinātniskās metodes, kas sekmē objektīvās realitātes izzināšanu un ir raksturīgas tiesību zinātnei, proti: sistēmiskā dokumentu analīze, strukturāli funkcionālā analīze, kritiskā pieeja, vispārināšana un prognozēšana. Secinājumos tiek piedāvātas vairākas rekomendācijas veiksmīgai, efektīvai un nevainojamai aizstāvībai pirmās instances tiesā.


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