scholarly journals Experimental Study on Strength Parameters of Roofing Tiles Incorpating Pumice Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 2263-2269
Author(s):  
Numair Abdul Musawwir S. J
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Rural Housing ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Roofing Materials ◽  
Cement Sheets

Our experimental investigation is being carried out to find out an alternative for tiles made from terracotta, because these tiles get easily cracked having less in strength. This drawback is likely motivated to conduct investigation to deliver the product by not this limitation. So, we have implemented work by using material called ‘pumice’. Naturally it will absorb the heat and emit cooling to the atmosphere. At early stage pumice powder were added in the range 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Conventionally available materials do not offer acceptable solutions. Prices of corrugated G.I. sheets are continuously escalating, and their use in not preferred because of thermal discomfort. Use of cement sheets is not recommended because of health hazards associated with asbestos. In India there is an acute shortage of locally available cheap roofing materials. Home-builders particularly the poor, are in dire need of cost-effective materials to build their homes with. In addition, mass rural housing programmers supported by Central and State Governments are increasingly looking at low-cost building techniques.

Experience with a Low-Cost Telemedicine System in Three Developing Countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Vassallo ◽  
P Swinfen ◽  
R Swinfen ◽  
R Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
First Year ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Telemedicine System ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Charitable Trust ◽  
E Mail

The Swinfen Charitable Trust was established in 1998 with the aim of helping the poor, sick and disabled in the developing world. It does this by setting up simple telemedicine links based on e-mail to support doctors in isolated hospitals. The first telemedicine link was established to support the lone orthopaedic surgeon at the Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP) in Savar, near Dhaka in Bangladesh in July 1999. An evaluation of the 27 referrals made during the first year of operation showed that the telemedical advice had been useful and cost effective. Based on the success of the Bangladesh project, the Swinfen Charitable Trust supplied digital cameras and tripods to more hospitals in other developing countries. These are Patan Hospital in Nepal (March 2000), Gizo Hospital in the Solomon Islands (March 2000), Helena Goldie Hospital on New Georgia in the Solomon Islands (September 2000), and LAMB Hospital in Bangladesh (September 2000).

scholarly journals Critical View on Daylighting Through Solar Bottle Bulb

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Faizul Azli Mohd Rahim ◽  
Nurul Safwah Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Hamzah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Vili How
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Interior Lighting ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Roofing Materials ◽  
Online Sources

Abstract Daylighting is often integrated into a building as an architectural statement and for energy savings. However, the benefits from daylighting extend beyond architecture and energy savings. Solar bottle bulb is an invention that is highly effective and cost effective enough to be used in huge numbers for those without sources of interior lighting. This invention is very easy and excessively cheap, requires only a bottle, some roofing materials, water and minimal amount of regularly found chemical and no electricity is needed. This paper reviews the critical retrospect of daylighting through the solar bottle bulb perspective. It highlights the need for solar bottle bulbs use within the underprivileged areas of the world and the importance of this invention as a pathway towards sustainability. This paper presents a review on the designs, principles and applications of the invention that have startled the poor people into a new way of life. The review consists of the assessment of journals, books, newspapers, reports and online sources in the field of daylighting and solar bottle bulb.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Vibration Chamber for Landslide Sensory and Alarm System

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Sabira Binti Ismail ◽  
Mohamed Hadi Habaebi ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahimy ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vibration Sensor ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Landslide Early Warning ◽  
Vibration Tests

<p>Many previous research works published in the open literature aimed at designing a system that could detect landslide in early stage before the landslide becomes catastrophic. This paper presents a work-in-progress landslide early warning system for Malaysian environment. The aim of this paper is to develop the most effecienctly reliable cost-effective system in which slight earth movements are monitored continuously. The challenge this work aims at is to work with a low budget system that produce efficient performance. Hence, the material used is of-the-shelf. Early design optimization result of the vibration sensor used is quite promising detecting the slightest faint tremors, which are amplified using the best vibration chamber available. It is shown that the choice of proper pipe length and diameter dimensions in combination to a gravel to exaggerate the produced higher sensitivity level of 5dB. Furthermore, both systematic and random vibration tests  produced similar results.</p>

scholarly journals Adaptive Configuration of Mobile Roadside Units for the Cost-Effective Vehicular Communication Infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jaeho Lee ◽  
Sanghyun Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Integer Linear Programming Problem ◽  
Control Message ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Operational Expenditure

In this paper, we target to figure out an adaptive and efficient mechanism that deploys roadside units (RSUs), which are the major components of the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, so that vehicles on the road can have satisfactory connectivity to the vehicular communication infrastructure in a cost-effective way. Only with the conventional fixed RSUs (fRSUs), the coverage requirement of vehicles from the perspective of V2I communications cannot be easily met because of high vehicular mobility compared to the static nature of fRSUs and the high deployment and operational expenditure of fRSUs. Recently, mobile RSUs (mRSUs) mounted on public and commercial vehicles like buses are considered as the substitutes or the supplements of fRSUs. The research on mRSUs is in its early stage and mostly focuses on the deployment of mRSUs from a static viewpoint. In this paper, we consider the environment with densely deployed mRSUs, such as the city environment, thanks to low cost, in which multiple active mRSUs generate lots of control messages to form the mRSU backbone network. To overcome this inefficiency, we propose a mechanism in which each mRSU adaptively and effectively determines its own state, active or inactive, according to the states of its neighboring mRSUs and vehicles. For the NP-hardness proof, we formulate the problem as a 0-1 integer linear programming problem. We evaluate the performance of our mechanism in terms of the ratio of vehicles covered by active mRSUs and the control message overhead compared with the case of nonadaptive mRSU configuration (i.e., the case of all mRSU being active).

Medicaid Physician Participation: Patients, Poverty, and Physician Self-Interest

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 191-220
Author(s):  
Sidney D. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Managed Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Physician Participation ◽  
Self Interest

“They might as well say this is Communist Russia.” — Dr. James Kennedy, Franklin, Tennessee.Medicaid has failed in its mission to care for the poor because doctors refuse to participate in the program. New ways are needed to entice physicians to treat Medicaid patients. TennCare, Tennessee’s Medicaid managed care demonstration project, shows that managed care plans can induce physicians to treat the poor by creating substantial collective purchasing power and by conditioning access to middle class patients on treatment of the poor, thus appealing to physicians’ financial self-interest. TennCare shows a new and promising approach, no matter how vociferously physicians complain about it.TennCare, Tennessee’s Medicaid experiment, seeks to double Medicaid coverage in Tennessee—from approximately 750,000 people to 1.5 million. TennCare removes limits on Medicaid services, expands the medical services offered, and emphasizes low cost, cost-effective primary care. Perhaps most importantly, TennCare promises to mainstream health care for the poor by providing preventive and primary care in private physicians’ offices, moving the site of care away from expensive emergency rooms and hospitals. TennCare sounds like an ideal solution.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

MASALAH DAN ALTERNATIF TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR UNTUK MASYARAKAT MISKIN KOTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Daily Water

Clean water to poor communities who live in crowded municipal area is stillexpensive and a luxury. This condition is evidenced by the number of people whouse ground water for their daily water, because water taps still seems expensivefor them. Diarrheal disease is still relatively high for Indonesia, where nearly 16thousand people suffer from diarrhea due to poor sanitation. To help the poor inthe city, there are several alternative technologies that can be applied to publicaccess to clean water and adequate low-cost, including ground water treatmenttechnology with a filter system equipped with an ultraviolet sterilizer, or ozonegenerators, or using ultrafiltration, if possible can also use the reverse osmosismembrane that for fresh water. Arsinum is the best alternative should be chosenfor fulfilled potable water in slump area.Keywords : Sanitation, water treatment technology, portable water, low-cost, slump area

Review of Various Tasks Performed in the Preprocessing Phase of a Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis System

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-426
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Zulfiqar Habib
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Optic Discs

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in diabetic patients. The increasing population of diabetic patients and difficulty to diagnose it at an early stage are limiting the screening capabilities of manual diagnosis by ophthalmologists. Color fundus images are widely used to detect DR lesions due to their comfortable, cost-effective and non-invasive acquisition procedure. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) of DR based on these images can assist ophthalmologists and help in saving many sight years of diabetic patients. In a CAD system, preprocessing is a crucial phase, which significantly affects its performance. Commonly used preprocessing operations are the enhancement of poor contrast, balancing the illumination imbalance due to the spherical shape of a retina, noise reduction, image resizing to support multi-resolution, color normalization, extraction of a field of view (FOV), etc. Also, the presence of blood vessels and optic discs makes the lesion detection more challenging because these two artifacts exhibit specific attributes, which are similar to those of DR lesions. Preprocessing operations can be broadly divided into three categories: 1) fixing the native defects, 2) segmentation of blood vessels, and 3) localization and segmentation of optic discs. This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art preprocessing techniques related to three categories of operations, highlighting their significant aspects and limitations. The survey is concluded with the most effective preprocessing methods, which have been shown to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the CAD systems.

Motivating Compliance: Firm Response to Mandatory Disclosure Policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Boland ◽  
Chris E. Hogan ◽  
Marilyn F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulated Firms ◽  
Firm Response ◽  
Disclosure Rules ◽  
The Impact

SYNOPSIS Mandatory existence disclosure rules require an organization to disclose a policy's existence, but not its content. We examine policy adoption frequencies in the year immediately after the IRS required mandatory existence disclosure by nonprofits of various governance policies. We also examine adoption frequencies in the year of the subsequent change from mandatory existence disclosure to a disclose-and-explain regime that required supplemental disclosures about the content and implementation of conflict of interest policies. Our results suggest that in areas where there is unclear regulatory authority, mandatory existence disclosure is an effective and low cost regulatory device for encouraging the adoption of policies desired by regulators, provided those policies are cost-effective for regulated firms to implement. In addition, we find that disclose-and-explain regulatory regimes provide stronger incentives for policy adoption than do mandatory existence disclosure regimes and also discourage “check the box” behavior. Future research should examine the impact of mandatory existence disclosure rules in the year that the regulation is implemented. Data Availability: Data are available from sources cited in the text.

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