scholarly journals Use of Sawdust- Biochar Amended Wood Pulp as A Substrate for Container Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1417-1418
Author(s):  
Mithuna M
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Wood Pulp ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Softwood Pulp ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
Wood Pulps ◽  
Inorganic Mineral

Abstract: Soilless substrates have many advantages over soil based system as they provide optimal conditions for plant growth when compared to soil-based agricultural practices. Different substrates are currently being used as support to the root system of plant. Substrates can be organic such as peat, bark, bagasse, sawdust, rice hulls, wood chips, etc. They can be inorganic mineral based such as sand, gravel, perlite, and stone wool slab. As the second phase of an earlier work by one of the authors on softboard as a novel wood fibre-based substrate for hydroponic systems, the present study was carried out to explore the effects of biochar amendment to wood pulps (or pulp wastes generated from fiberboard factories), on seed germination and seedling growth of Green gram (Phaseolus aureus) crop. The study also included a comparison of seedling growth in hardwood pulp and softwood pulp and to select the most suitable one for container cultivations. Keywords: Sawdust, biochar, wood pulp, green gram, container cultivation

From biorefineries to bioproducts: conversion of pretreated pulp from biorefining streams to lignocellulose nanofibers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
CHENGGUI SUN ◽  
RICHARD CHANDRA ◽  
YAMAN BOLUK
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Material Basis ◽  
Softwood Pulp ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Lignocellulose Nanofibers

This study investigates the use of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis side streams and conversion to lignocellulose nanofibers. We used a steam-exploded and partial enzymatic hydrolyzed hardwood pulp and an organosolv pretreated softwood pulp to prepare lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNF) via microfluidization. The energies applied on fibrillation were estimated to examine the energy consumption levels of LCNF production. The energy consumptions of the fibrillation processes of the hardwood LCNF production and the softwood LCNF production were about 7040-14080 kWh/ton and 4640 kWh/ton on a dry material basis, respectively. The morphology and dimension of developed hardwood and softwood LCNFs and the stability and rheological behavior of their suspensions were investigated and are discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Silicon and The Status of Phenolic Compounds On The Germination of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Under Temperature Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-880
Author(s):  
İlkay YAVAŞ ◽  
Burcu KESER
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Q Values ◽  
Good Germination

The aim of the study was to evaluate the elevated temperature on germination and seedling growth and the ameliorative effect of silicon on the phenolic compounds of black-eyed cowpea. The seeds were allowed to germinate at 30 (control), 36 and 44°C temperatures, under controlled conditions, silicons were with concentrations of 0.0 (control) and 1.5 mM. In the second phase of the experiment, some of the seeds were grown in plastic cups with sieved soil at 30 °C, 36 °C and 44 °C for phenolic compounds. Among the temperature treatments, plant deaths occurred at 44 °C. The raise in temperature importantly reduced germination and related traits. Except for SL, the seeds showed good germination at 30 °C after Si application. In high temperatures, silicon applications had a positive effect on germination and seedling growth, except for the germination rate. Results showed that an increase in GA, PA, Q, CAM, CA, PCA, SA, VA, CAF as temperatures increased. But chlorogenic acid and Q values were higher at 30 °C. This study clearly observed that the growth of cowpea seedlings decreased with temperature increase, but silicon attenuated these effects.

scholarly journals Effects of Five Growing Media and Two Fertilizer Levels on Polybag—Raised Camden Whitegum (Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage) Seedling Morphology and Drought Hardiness

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nasir Shalizi ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Owen Thomas Burney ◽  
Theodore Henry Shear
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Growing Period

In developing countries, tree seedlings are often produced in polybags filled with mixtures of locally available materials. Seedling growth and quality can be affected by the type and amount of these substrates used in the mixture. Differences in seedling growth and quality can also be significantly affected when fertilization is employed during the nursery growing period. In this study, we assessed the effects of five different growing media and two fertilization regimes on nursery growth, seedling morphology and early post-planting response to drought of Eucalyptus benthamii (Maiden & Cambage) seedlings. First, we evaluated the effects of each media by fertilizer treatment combination on morphological attributes during a nursery growing period. Seedlings raised in fertilized media without rice hulls yielded higher growth, root dry mass, shoot dry mass, total dry mass, Dickson quality index (DQI) scores, and number of first order lateral roots (FOLRs). Root to shoot ratio (R:S ratio) was, however, greater in non-fertilized media that contained rice hulls. We then conducted a simulated outplanting and drought hardiness experiment, in which seedlings were planted in 13.2 L containers and irrigated for one month, followed by the imposition of drought stress. Seedlings in fertilized media composed of sand, topsoil and compost showed greater growth than those in rice hull-containing media, during the irrigation phase. With the discontinuation of irrigation and prevention of precipitation reaching the seedlings, seedlings grown in non-fertilized media containing rice hulls survived longer than those in other media. There were no large differences in survival among other media or between fertilized and other non-fertilized seedlings. Seedling total size and shoot height at the time of planting played a major role in survival. Smaller seedlings with smaller shoot sizes and greater R:S ratios survived longer. This study demonstrates that growing media and fertilization can be manipulated to affect seedling morphology in the nursery and, ultimately, seedling performance and survival under water stressed conditions.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CHITOSAN ADDITION DURING PAPER-MAKING ON AGEING STABILITY OF DOCUMENT PAPER

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1083-1094
Author(s):  
DIMITRINA TODOROVA ◽  
◽  
VESKA LASHEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Softwood Pulp ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hardwood Pulp

The aim of the present work has been to study the influence of chitosan addition into the composition of paper intended for documents on its ageing stability, with a view of enhancing the resistance of paper strength and optical properties over time. The chitosan solution was added during the formation of the paper sheets in various amounts: 0.2%, 1% and 2% o.d.f. Paper samples of different fibrous compositions were prepared from bleached sulphate softwood pulp (BSWP) and bleached sulphate hardwood pulp (BHWP) in the following ratios: 50% BSWP:50% BHWP, 80% BSWP:20% BHWP, 100% BSWP and 100% BHWP. Then, paper samples were subjected to accelerated thermal ageing for 24 hours at 105 °C. It was found that the use of chitosan as additive in the composition of bleached cellulose paper samples led to improved strength and hygroscopic properties. The study showed that chitosan could be used in the production of kraft document papers comprising aluminium sulphate, as the presence of aluminium sulphate had no negative effect on the action of the biopolymer. Regarding the complex evaluation of the properties of the obtained papers, it could be summarized that, for the studied fibrous compositions, the optimum amount of the additive was 1% chitosan for a fibrous composition of 50% bleached softwood pulp and 50% bleached hardwood cellulose. Therefore, preparing document paper with the addition of chitosan is a convenient procedure to enhance a number of paper properties, even after the ageing process.

scholarly journals Drainage and retention enhancement of a wheat straw-containing pulp furnish using microparticle retention aids

BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 791-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Vishtal ◽  
Päivi Rousu ◽  
Tom Hultholm ◽  
Kati Turku ◽  
Petteri Paananen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Wood Pulp ◽  
Sheet Forming ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Retention Aids ◽  
Wood Pulps ◽  
Better Than

The usage of non-wood pulps in furnishes for the production of various paper grades is a real alternative for the substitution of wood pulp in papermaking. In terms of the papermaking process, the main limiting factor for non-wood pulp utilization is poor dewatering. This problem can be partially solved by means of retention aids, and the modern microparticle-based retention aids are very promising for this application. In this study the main aim was to characterize how the microparticle retention systems affect the retention, dewatering, and formation of a non-wood pulp furnish and how these effects and mechanisms differ when compared to normal wood pulp. The performance of several commercially available retention aids was studied by making dynamic sheet forming tests for reference and an organosolv wheat straw furnish. The emphasis in the experiments was on drainage enhancement. The maximum drainage gain obtained with the bentonite-CPAM retention aid system was about 5%. Despite the improved drainage, dewatering of the reference furnish was better than for the non-wood containing furnish.

scholarly journals ​Allelopathic Chemical Screening of Aqueous Extracts of Coir Pith on Seedling Growth of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) and Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anbarasu Mariyappillai ◽  
Gurusamy Arumugam ◽  
Swaminathan Chitraputhira Pillai ◽  
Durai Singh Ramaiah
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Response Index ◽  
Coir Pith ◽  
Ms Analysis

Background: Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and Green gram (Vigna radiata L.) were mostly used as chemical residue indicators for testing the persistence of pesticides, fungicides and herbicides, etc. in the soil. Presently, the coir pith was used as a medium of nursery for many seeds and seedling production. This study evaluated the inhibition effects and screening of allelopathic chemicals from aqueous extracts of coir pith and composting coir pith on the back gram and green gram by response index method and GCMS/MS analysis. Methods: The coir pith and composted coir pith soaked the ratio of 1:10 for 24 hrs, filtered through Whatman No.1 filter paper. The inhibition effect tested for germination and seedling growth of black gram and green gram was sown in poly pots. The carbon: nitrogen ratio and the total organic carbon were analyzed by dry combustion method, Kjeldahl method and GCMS/MS analysis. Result: The phytotoxic substances are present in coir pith, which can be exterminated by composting the coir pith for better growth and development of seedlings. The negative response index (RI), high C: N ratio and chemical compounds like tocopherol, fucoxanthin, tetramethyl heptadeca, dichloroacetamide, tetrazole, hydroxyethyl palmitate, neocurdione and uridine derivations present in raw coir may have the phytotoxic effect and produced yellowing symptoms in young plants compared to composted coir pith. This is exterminated by composting the coir pith for better growth and development of seedlings as well as used for various agricultural and horticultural nurseries.

The Microstructure of Ceramic Whiskers

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
L. F. Allard ◽  
T. A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Tin Whisker ◽  
Ferrous Alloys ◽  
Vapor Liquid Solid ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Silicon Carbide Whiskers ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Sic Whiskers

The internal structure and surface crystallography of ceramic whiskers are of interest because of their increasing importance as second phase reinforcements in a variety of matrix materials. Whiskers are typically 0.5 to 5 um in diameter with aspect ratios of 10 to 100 or more. Silicon carbide whiskers are the best known; they are usually grown by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) or other processes from either natural (e.g. rice hulls) or synthetic materials. Titanium nitride whiskers are also of interest because of their potential for applications where SiC whiskers are not suitable (e.g. ferrous alloys). This paper highlights some of the details of SiC and TiN whisker ultrastructure.

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