scholarly journals COMUNIDADES REMANESCENTES DE QUILOMBOS: reflexão sobre territorialidades

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 248-265
Author(s):  
Lilian Maria Santos ◽  
Anete Marília Pereira ◽  
Andréa Maria Narciso Rocha de Paula

Pretende-se discutir neste artigo o processo de territorialidade para formação das comunidades remanescentes de quilombos no Brasil. E, para tanto, fez-se necessário compreender as diversas concepções sobre a categoria Comunidade Tradicional no que tange a perspectivas classificatórias, políticas, jurídicas e territoriais, bem como aos aspectos envolvidos na constituição das Comunidades Remanescentes de Quilombos.  A comunidade tradicional se reconhece pela tradicionalização como estratégia e movimento de luta e resistência em defesa do seu território. O processo de identificação e reconhecimento da comunidade remanescente de quilombo perpassa pela ressemantização do termo “Quilombo” e politização do grupo social na consolidação pelo direito coletivo do território e manutenção do modo de vida. A memória de luta e resistência, as práticas envolvendo a terra, em seu valor de uso para o trabalho e manutenção da cultura, a reciprocidade e as fronteiras simbólicas engendram a territorialidade das comunidades remanescentes de quilombo. São a trajetória da vida cotidiana, as relações estabelecidas pelos sujeitos no lugar - que fazem a sua história - que constroem o processo de territorialidade. O território se constitui, portanto, em uma produção histórica, relacional material e imaterial, e a territorialidade trata da dimensão vivencial e subjetiva, ou seja, do campo experiencial daqueles que vivenciam o processo de territorialização. Palavras-chave: Comunidades Tradicionais. Território. Territorialidade. Remanescentes Quilombolas.   REMAINING QUILOMBO COMMUNITIES: a reflection on territorialities ABSTRACT This paper aims to discuss the process of territoriality for the formation of the remaining communities of Quilombo in Brazil. It was necessary to understand the different concepts of the traditional community category in terms of qualifying, political, legal and territorial perspectives and the aspects involved in the constitution of the remaining Quilombo communities. The traditional community is recognized by the traditionalization as a strategy, and the struggle and resistance movement in defense of territory. The process of identification and recognition of the remaining Quilombo community traverses by resemantization of Quilombo term and politicization of the social group to consolidate the collective right of the territory and maintaining the way of life. The memory of struggle and resistance, practices involving the land in its use value to the work and for the maintenance of culture, reciprocity and symbolic boundaries engender the territoriality of remnants of Quilombo communities. The trajectory of everyday life, the relationships established by individuals in place-which make their story that builds the process of territoriality. The territory constitutes a historical production, material and immaterial relational and territoriality deals with the existential and subjective dimension, that is, the experiential field of those who experience the process of territorialization. Keywords: Traditional Communities. Territory. Territoriality.Remaining Quilombo.   VESTIGIOS DE COMUNIDADES DE QUILOMBO: reflexión sobre territorialidades RESUMEN Este artículo pretende discutir el proceso de territorialidad para la formación de los vestigios de comunidades de Quilombo en Brasil. Es necesario comprender las diferentes concepciones sobre la categoria “comunidad tradicional” en lo que tiene que ver con las perspectivas clasificatorias, políticas, jurídicas y territoriales, asi como com los aspectos involucrados en la constitución de los vestígios de comunidades quilombolas.La comunidad tradicional es reconocida por la tradicionalización como estrategia y movimiento de lucha y resistencia en defensa del territorio. El proceso de identificación y de reconocimiento de los vestigios de comunidades de Quilombo pasa por la resemantización del termino Quilombo y la politización del grupo social en la consolidación por el derecho colectivo al territorio y a la manutención del modo de vida. La memoria de lucha y resistencia, las prácticas que involucran la tierra y su valor de uso para el trabajo y el manutención de la cultura, la reciprocidad y las fronteras simbólicas engendrar la territorialidad de los vestigios de las comunidades de Quilombo. Son la trayectoria de la vida cotidiana, las relaciones establecidas por los sujetos en el lugar-que hacen su historia - que construyen el proceso de territorialidad. El territorio se constituye como una producción histórica, relacional material e inmaterial y la territorialidad trata de la dimensión existencial y subjetiva, es decir, el campo experiencial de aquellos que vivencian el proceso de territorialización. Palabras clave: Comunidades tradicionales. El território. La territorialidade. Vestígios de Quilombo.

Author(s):  
Ana García-Arroyo

AbstractThis paper analyses the situation of Untouchable / Dalit people in India through intersecting literature and social realities. It focuses on the most relevant and pioneering literary works of colonial and postcolonial times and how these landmarks of fiction function as a mimetic expression of everyday life. Then, the main objective is 1) to give an overview of the representation of untouchability and its evolution into the Dalit consciousness within the interrelated contexts of literature and real life; and 2) to demonstrate that in much less than a century India has witnessed astonishing changes as far as the social stratification of caste-gender is concerned. Keywords: untouchability, Dalit identity, pioneering Dalit literature, gender-caste discrimination   ResumenEste artículo analiza la situación de los/as intocables o Dalits en India, interrelacionando realidades literarias y sociales. Se examinan las obras literarias pioneras de la etapa colonial y postcolonial y cómo éstos textos de ficción mimetizan la realidad diaria. Así, el objetivo principal es 1) exponer cómo se ha representado la intocabilidad y cuál ha sido su evolución hasta la formación de la consciencia Dalit, en el contexto literario y social; y 2) demostrar que en menos de un siglo se han producido asombrosos cambios en lo que se refiere a la categoría social de casta-género. Palabras clave: intocabilidad, identidad Dalit, literatura pionera Dalit, discriminación de género-casta.


Author(s):  
L.N. Akbaeva ◽  
◽  
A.N. Akbaeva ◽  

In the article, the authors examine the social-value hierarchy of animals in the Kazakh traditional society, which was characterized by an attitude towards animals, especially livestock, from the point of view of the greatest or least respect. Some of the animals were placed on the same level of the social hierarchy with humans. The Kazakhs have such a horse, which was the main animal not only in the economy, but also in the process of socialization of Kazakhs. In addition to the horse, in Kazakh traditional society, two birds had a special social and value status – the swan and the nightingale. This phenomenon was due to the nomadic way of life of the Kazakh people, which left an imprint on their consciousness, rituals, everyday life and artistic culture in general.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 129-158
Author(s):  
Eliezilda Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
Priciane Cristina Correa Ribeiro ◽  
Heloisa Negri Sanches

Neste artigo, buscamos levantar e avaliar os impactos da expansão urbana sobre a Comunidade Remanescente Quilombola de Abacatal (CRQA). Esta comunidade, mesmo detentora do título da terra e do reconhecimento pela Fundação Cultural Palmares (FCP), enfrenta desafios para a sua autopreservação, uma vez que se localiza a 8 km de Ananindeua, o segundo município mais populoso do Estado do Pará. O delineamento do estudo se deu por meio da coleta de dados in loco, bem como, levantamento bibliográfico-documental, que foram analisados à luz da teoria do direito às liberdades de Sen (2010) e da teoria da racionalidade ambiental de Leff (2015).  Devido à proximidade com a zona urbana, nas imediações da comunidade foram observados empreendimentos imobiliários que vêm promovendo impactos ligados ao saneamento ambiental; além destes, destacam-se ainda os problemas sociais relacionados à violência e o pouco acesso às políticas públicas. O estudo mostrou que a comunidade, apesar de sofrer forte impacto da expansão urbana sobre o seu território, busca resistir e se organizar, apoiada por outras instâncias sociais, em defesa do direito à liberdade de manter seu modo de vida baseado na produção tradicional e na conservação do seu ambiente natural. Palavras-chave: Expansão urbana. Comunidades Tradicionais. Desenvolvimento.   THE SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL REFLEXES OF THE METROPOLITAN EXPANSION OF BELÉM ON THE ABACATAL REMAINING QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITY (CRQA) ABSTRACT In this article, we seek to survey and assess the impacts of urban expansion on the Abacatal Remaining Quilombola Community (CRQA). This community, even holding the title to the land and recognition by the Fundação Cultural Palmares (FCP), faces challenges for its self-preservation, since it is located 8 km from Ananindeua, the second most populous municipality in the State of Pará. The study took place through the collection of data in loco, as well as bibliographic-documentary survey, which were analyzed in the light of Sen's theory of the right to freedoms (2010) and Leff's theory of environmental rationality (2015). Due to the proximity to the urban area, in the vicinity of the community, real estate developments were observed that have been promoting impacts related to environmental sanitation; in addition to these, social problems related to violence and poor access to public policies also stand out. The study showed that the community, despite suffering a strong impact from urban expansion on its territory, seeks to resist and organize, supported by other social bodies, in defense of the right to freedom to maintain their way of life based on traditional production and conservation of its natural environment. Keywords: Urban expansion. Traditional Communities. Development.   LOS REFLEJOS SOCIOAMBIENTALES DE LA EXPANSIÓN METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM EN LA COMUNIDAD ABACATAL RESTANTE QUILOMBOLA (CRQA) RESUMEN En este artículo, buscamos estudiar y evaluar los impactos de la expansión urbana en la Comunidad Abacatal Restante Quilombola (CRQA). Esta comunidad, incluso con el título de propiedad y el reconocimiento de la Fundación Cultural Palmares (FCP), enfrenta desafíos para su autoconservación, ya que se encuentra a 8 km de Ananindeua, el segundo municipio más poblado del Estado de Pará. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante la recopilación de datos in loco, así como una encuesta bibliográfica-documental, que se analizaron a la luz de la teoría de Sen del derecho a las libertades (2010) y la teoría de la racionalidad ambiental de Leff (2015). Debido a la proximidad al área urbana, en la vecindad de la comunidad, se observaron desarrollos inmobiliarios que han estado promoviendo impactos relacionados con el saneamiento ambiental; Además de estos, también se destacan los problemas sociales relacionados con la violencia y el acceso deficiente a las políticas públicas. El estudio mostró que la comunidad, a pesar de sufrir un fuerte impacto de la expansión urbana en su territorio, busca resistir y organizarse, apoyada por otros organismos sociales, en defensa del derecho a la libertad de mantener su estilo de vida basado en la producción tradicional y conservación de su entorno natural. Palabras-clave: Expansión urbana. Comunidades tradicionales. Desarrollo.


Author(s):  
Shuang Chen

By examining a rent-resistance movement in Shuangcheng in the early Republic of China (1912-49), this chapter reveals that the tensions built into the unequal land entitlements in the Qing continued to shape the formation of social and political groups after the collapse of the dynasty. This process took place along with a tide of elite activism following the fall of the Qing in 1911. Seeing the regime change an opportunity to overthrow the legacy of unequal land entitlement, rural bannermen living in 80 of the 120 villages launched a rent-resistance movement. The conflict soon escalated into a political struggle. Using the rhetoric of “citizenship” – a new discourse offered by the Republican regime – to attack the privileges of metropolitan bannermen, these rural bannermen articulate their identity as a distinct social group. This event also marked the completion of the social construction of categorical boundaries in this immigrant society.


GEOgraphia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Morcuende González

Abstract: Similar to many concepts in Social Sciences, the concept of sociospatial fragmentation has been often misused, at times leading to significant confusion. In view of that, this article aims to critically review this concept in Latin America. It brings into discussion that, from a critical perspective and compared with differential urbanization and everyday life, the concept of sociospatial fragmentation contributes to explaining the current relationships between space and society. Based on such an interpretive scheme, the study indicates correspondence to strong social and spatial tendencies: the chronification of the crisis of capitalism, the complete urbanization of society, the bankruptcy of modernity, and the fragmentation of everyday life. All that led to the conclusion that fragmentation is, fundamentally, a battle against the use-value of everyday life, which characterizes the present relationships between space and society. Keywords: sociospatial fragmentation; differential urbanization; everyday life; Latin America. INTERPRETANDO A FRAGMENTAÇÃO SOCIOESPACIAL, A URBANIZAÇÃO DIFERENCIAL E A VIDA COTIDIANA: UMA CRITICA PARA O DEBATE LATINO-AMERICANO Resumo: Como muitos conceitos nas Ciências Sociais, o de fragmentação socioespacial apresenta um abuso que muitas vezes leva a uma confusão significativa. Por esse motivo, o principal objetivo deste artigo é criticar esse conceito a partir de algumas das principais propostas no debate latino-americano. Isso para sustentar que, uma vez realizado esse exercício e colocado em relação ao da urbanização diferencial e da vida cotidiana, o conceito de fragmentação socioespacial contribui para explicar as relações atuais entre espaço e sociedade. A partir dessa associação interpretativa, destaca-se a correspondência de grandes tendências sociais e espaciais: a cronificação da crise do capitalismo, a completa urbanização da sociedade, a queda da modernidade e a fragmentação da vida cotidiana. Tudo para concluir que a fragmentação é, fundamentalmente, uma batalha contra o valor de uso da vida cotidiana, que caracteriza as relações atuais entre espaço e sociedade.Palavras-chave: fragmentação socioespacial; urbanização diferencial; vida cotidiana; latino america. INTERPRETANDO LA FRAGMENTACIÓN SOCIOESPACIAL, LA URBANIZACIÓN DIFERENCIAL Y LA VIDA COTIDIANA: UNA CRÍTICA PARA EL DEBATE LATINOAMERICANOResumen: Como muchos conceptos en las Ciencias Sociales, el de fragmentación socioespacial presenta un abuso que conduce, a menudo, a una importante confusión. Es por ello que el objetivo principal de este artículo es realizar una crítica de dicho concepto a partir de algunas de las más importantes propuestas en el debate latinoamericano. Ello para sostener que, una vez realizado ese ejercicio, y puesto en relación con el de urbanización diferencial y vida cotidiana, el concepto fragmentación socioespacial puede contribuir a explicar las actuales relaciones entre el espacio y la sociedad. A partir de ese esquema interpretativo se señala la correspodencia de grandes tendencias sociales y espaciales: la cronificación de la crisis del capitalismo, la urbanización completa de la sociedad, la quiebra de la modernidad y la fragmentación de la vida cotidiana. Todo para concluir que la fragmentación es, fundamentalmente, una batalla contra el valor de uso de la vida cotidiana, que caracteriza las presentes relaciones entre el espacio y la sociedad. Palabras clave: fragmentación socioespacial; urbanización diferencial; vida cotidiana; Latinoamérica.    


2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Paula Contreras

<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Los relatos culturales dan sentido a la vida cotidiana, a nuestras experiencias y a la forma de entender y explicarnos el mundo en que vivimos. El presente artículo aborda los principales elementos que conforman hoy en día el relato cultural denominado </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>Autoritarismo Dictatorial/Mejor Callar</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">, así como sus implicancias en la configuración de los miedos sociales del Chile actual.</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Palabras Clave: miedos sociales, relatos culturales, autoritarismo dictatorial</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><em>The dictatorial authoritarianism as a cultural narrative. An approach to social fears in the Chile current</em></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="JUSTIFY"><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The cultural narratives give meanings to the everyday life, to our experiences and to the ways of understanding the world we live in. This paper will focus on the main elements that shape the current cultural narrative that we call Dictatorship Authoritarianism / Better Keep Quiet (Hush), and also their<br />implications/effects on the social fears configuration of contemporary Chile.<br /></span></span></em></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="JUSTIFY"><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Keywords: social fears, cultural narratives, dictatorial authoritarianism</span></span></em></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="JUSTIFY"><em> </em></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="JUSTIFY"> </p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="JUSTIFY"> </p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Verônica Dantas Meneses

O artigo problematiza a produção audiovisual destinada ao público infantil na TV. Toma como marco teórico os estudos de gênero que trabalham os conceitos de alteridade e diversidade e estudos sobre os processos de inserção da televisão e dos conteúdos audiovisuais na vida cotidiana (Raymond Williams). A partir da análise de conteúdo das obras audiovisuais Show da Luna e Miss Moon, elencou como categorias o protagonismo feminino, as representações das meninas/mulheres em suas distintas gerações, os papeis sociais que ocupam e a solidariedade entre as mulheres em distintas gerações. Conclui-se que as obras trazem aspectos que contribuem para a quebra de estereótipos com novas perspectivas de família e com a mulher ocupando papeis sociais distintos dos tradicionalmente imputados a ela, mas subliminarmente podem ocultar novos estereótipos que culpabilizam a mulher quando, por exemplo, trabalhar fora, ou que reforçam a competição entre as mulheres, o que não favorece o enfrentamento das desigualdades nas sociedades.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Produção audiovisual infantil. TV paga. Igualdade de gêneros. Protagonismo feminino. Distintas gerações de mulheres.     ABSTRACT The article discusses the audiovisual production aimed at children on pay-TV. On the theoretical basis gender studies who work the concepts of otherness and diversity and studies about the processes of integration of TV and audiovisual content in everyday life (Raymond Williams), from the analysis of content of audiovisual works Show da Luna and Miss Moon, presented as categories of analysis the female role, the representations of girls/women in different generations, the social roles they occupy and solidarity between women in different generations. It is concluded that this works bring aspects that contribute to the breaking down of stereotypes with new perspectives of family and with woman occupying social roles other than those traditionally ascribed to her, but subliminally can hide new stereotypes that put blame on woman when, for example, works out, or to reinforce the competition between the women, which does not contribute to the fight against inequalities in societies.   KEYWORDS: Children's audiovisual production. Pay TV. Gender equality. Female protagonism. Different generations of women.     RESUMEN El artículo problematiza la producción audiovisual dirigida a los niños en televisión de pago. Por la base teórica de estudios de género que trabajan los conceptos de alteridad y diversidad y estudios sobre los procesos de integración de televisión y contenidos audiovisuales en la vida cotidiana (Raymond Williams), a partir del análisis de contenido de las obras audiovisuales Show da Luna y Miss Moon, presenta como categorías de análisis el papel femenino, las representaciones de las niñas y mujeres de diferentes generaciones, los roles sociales que ocupan y la solidaridad entre mujeres de diferentes generaciones. Se concluye que las obras traen aspectos que contribuyen a la ruptura de los estereotipos con nuevas perspectivas de la familia y con la mujer ocupando roles sociales distintos de los tradicionalmente atribuido a ella, pero subliminalmente pueden ocultar nuevos estereotipos que culpan la mujer cuando, por ejemplo, trabaja fuera, o para reforzar la competición entre las mujeres, lo que no contribuye a la lucha contra las desigualdades en las sociedades.   PALABRAS CLAVE: Producción audiovisual para niños. TV de pago. Igualdad de género. Protagonismo femenino. Diferentes generaciones de mujeres.  


2015 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Khalid Lyamlahy

Roland Barthes was not only a literary theorist, a critic or a semiotician. Above all, he was concerned with signs, symbols and representations which shape the everyday life and nourish both identities of the individual subject and the social group. As the world celebrates in 2015 the centenary of his birth, the question of his intellectual and literary legacies has never been more relevant. In the large scope of his works, L’Empire des signes, published in 1970 following several trips to Japan, is rather a particular piece which hinges on a specific combination of text and images. By looking at the structure of Barthes’s work and the relationship between the author’s discourse and the meanings released through the images, this paper aims to highlight the poetics of the image as a founding element in L’Empire des signes. The study of three categories of images used in the volume and their confrontation with the author’s developments shed new light on the contribution of the iconographic element towards a valuable understanding of signs and significations.


Author(s):  
N. L. Pushkareva, ◽  
◽  
O. I. Sekenova ◽  

The article focuses on the practices used by the first Russian women-historians in the 1st half of the 20th century to reconcile the main job, i.e. academic researches, and the domestic chores. Based on ego-documents (diaries, memoirs and personal letters), the authors try to reconstruct the main principles and strategies that successful Russian women-historians used for managing their various professional and home duties. The article also analyzes the practices of interaction between women-researchers and their maids who helped them to handle household affairs. Before the Great Revolution, nearly all first Russian women-historians were of noble and rich origin (from the families of intellectual Russian nobility). They did not need to take care of money and could spend time not not making a living, but research. Like other women in their position, they used waged labour (cooks, maids, and nannies) to create the conditions for their academic success. The Great Revolution and the Civil War changed the way of life for all the social strata. Those women-historians who chose to stay in their homeland rather than emigrate, had to take care of everyday problems of themselves and their families. Their career became to depend on the opportunity to share the home duties with someone else. When scholars became part of the Soviet elite, using domestic work became a socially upheld behavioral rule. Soviet women-historians hired women from villages who had fled from the collectivization to delegate them their routine domestic chores and to get free time for research and lecturing.


2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Marzena Możdżyńska

Abstract In recent decades, we observe a significant disorganization of family life, especially in the sphere of parental functions performed by unprepared for the role emotional, socially and economically young people. Lack of education, difficulties in finding work, and the lack of prospects for positive change are the main causes of their impoverishment and progressive degradation in the social hierarchy. Reaching young people at risk of social exclusion and provide them with comprehensive care, should be a priority of modern social work and educational work. In order to provide help this social group and cope with the adverse event created a lot of programs to support systemically start in life. An example would be presented in the article KARnet 15+ program as a form of complex activities of a person stimulating subjectivity, and allows you to modify support in individual cases


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