scholarly journals Classical View on Bhasma as Chief Formulation of Rasashastra: An Ayurveda Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Dayanand Dattatraya Ovar ◽  
Ujwala Murlidhar Katole ◽  
Ganesh Sakharam Deshmukh ◽  
Monish Maruti Shinde
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Classical View ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dosing Frequency ◽  
Processing Techniques

Minerals and metals based drugs possess important therapeutic potential and preparation of such medicines described in Rasashastra which deals with minerals and metals based formulations. The processing techniques related to the preparation of these medicines are very specific to make these drugs nontoxic and efficacious. Shodhana means purification and Marana means incineration/calcinations are main procedures associated with the preparation of Rasa- Aushdhis. Bhasmas are important preparation of this category which is considered as herbo-metallic preparation and description of Bhasma Kalpana is found in Ayurveda Samhitas during Arsha Sampradaya. These herbo-mineral/metallic formulations (Bhasma) mainly prepared by various steps of purification, grinding, mixing, heating, incineration and size reduction, etc. These drugs possess advantages of palatability, low dosing frequency, high potency, good bioavailability, optimum absorption and wide range of therapeutic spectrum. Bhasma not only used for therapeutic purpose but also advised for promoting general health and rejuvenating effects. Makshika bhasma, Swarna bhasma, Abhrak bhasma, Louha bhasma and Tamra bhasma, etc. are commonly used Bhasma preparation indicated for many pathological conditions including skin diseases, digestive ailments, sexual disorders, asthma and infections, etc.

scholarly journals Naringenin Nano-Delivery Systems and Their Therapeutic Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bhia ◽  
Mahzad Motallebi ◽  
Banafshe Abadi ◽  
Atefeh Zarepour ◽  
Miguel Pereira-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Wide Range

Naringenin (NRG) is a polyphenolic phytochemical belonging to the class of flavanones and is widely distributed in citrus fruits and some other fruits such as bergamot, tomatoes, cocoa, and cherries. NRG presents several interesting pharmacological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the therapeutic potential of NRG is hampered due to its hydrophobic nature, which leads to poor bioavailability. Here, we review a wide range of nanocarriers that have been used as delivery systems for NRG, including polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanosuspensions, and nanoemulsions. These nanomedicine formulations of NRG have been applied as a potential treatment for several diseases, using a wide range of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models and different routes of administration. From this review, it can be concluded that NRG is a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, liver diseases, ocular disorders, inflammatory diseases, skin diseases, and diabetes when formulated in the appropriate nanocarriers.

Ochrona dziedzictwa kulturowego a działania na dużych szybkozmiennych zbiorach danych – perspektywa kryminologiczna

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Szymon Buczyński
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Cultural Organizations ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Huge Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Processing Techniques

Recent technological revolutions in data and communication systemsenable us to generate and share data much faster than ever before. Sophisticated data tools aim to improve knowledge and boost confdence. That technological tools will only get better and user-friendlier over the years, big datacan be considered an important tool for the arts and culture sector. Statistical analysis, econometric methods or data mining techniques could pave theway towards better understanding of the mechanisms occurring on the artmarket. Moreover crime reduction and prevention challenges in today’sworld are becoming increasingly complex and are in need of a new techniquethat can handle the vast amount of information that is being generated. Thisarticle provides an examination of a wide range of new technological innovations (IT) that have applications in the areas of culture preservation andheritage protection. The author provides a description of recent technological innovations, summarize the available research on the extent of adoptionon selected examples, and then review the available research on the eachform of new technology. Furthermore the aim of this paper is to explore anddiscuss how big data analytics affect innovation and value creation in cultural organizations and shape consumer behavior in cultural heritage, arts andcultural industries. This paper discusses also the likely impact of big dataanalytics on criminological research and theory. Digital criminology supports huge data base in opposition to conventional data processing techniques which are not only in suffcient but also out dated. This paper aims atclosing a gap in the academic literature showing the contribution of a bigdata approach in cultural economics, policy and management both froma theoretical and practice-based perspective. This work is also a startingpoint for further research.

Isoform-Selective PI3K Inhibitors for Various Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1074-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rammohan R.Y. Bheemanaboina
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Type I ◽  
Selective Inhibitors ◽  
Pi3k Inhibitors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lipid Kinases ◽  
Isoform Selectivity

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of ubiquitously distributed lipid kinases that control a wide variety of intracellular signaling pathways. Over the years, PI3K has emerged as an attractive target for the development of novel pharmaceuticals to treat cancer and various other diseases. In the last five years, four of the PI3K inhibitors viz. Idelalisib, Copanlisib, Duvelisib, and Alpelisib were approved by the FDA for the treatment of different types of cancer and several other PI3K inhibitors are currently under active clinical development. So far clinical candidates are non-selective kinase inhibitors with various off-target liabilities due to cross-reactivities. Hence, there is a need for the discovery of isoform-selective inhibitors with improved efficacy and fewer side-effects. The development of isoform-selective inhibitors is essential to reveal the unique functions of each isoform and its corresponding therapeutic potential. Although the clinical effect and relative benefit of pan and isoformselective inhibition will ultimately be determined, with the development of drug resistance and the demand for next-generation inhibitors, it will continue to be of great significance to understand the potential mechanism of isoform-selectivity. Because of the important role of type I PI3K family members in various pathophysiological processes, isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors may ultimately have considerable efficacy in a wide range of human diseases. This review summarizes the progress of isoformselective PI3K inhibitors in preclinical and early clinical studies for anticancer and other various diseases.

Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Robinson ◽  
Keith Hunter ◽  
Michael Pemberton ◽  
Philip Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Oral Pathology ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Key Aspects

A sound understanding of clinical oral pathology is essential if a dental clinician is to navigate successfully through clinical guidelines, make timely referrals to specialists, and provide good care for patients. This new edition of Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology provides a clear and friendly guide for students, practitioners, and the whole dental team. Thoroughly updated for today's clinical practice, this textbook covers 'must-know' oral pathology and integrates key aspects of oral medicine. It begins by explaining the principles of clinical assessment, the synthesis of a differential diagnosis, and the selection of further investigations including laboratory tests. Ten chapters bring this theory to life by looking at the clinical and pathological features of a wide range of common oral diseases including oral cancer, salivary gland disorders, and diseases of the jaws. Two new chapters address skin diseases affecting the oro-facial region and neck lumps. A final chapter highlights the importance of clinical oral pathology in the context of systemic human disease. New radiology content includes examples of cross-sectional imaging. Photomicrographs have been replaced with carefully selected images to illustrate key pathological features. Each chapter includes key points boxes and tables to aid learning. Written by experts in both oral pathology and oral medicine, this new edition is a must-have for dentistry students, and those working in the field, providing current and trustworthy information.

scholarly journals Bioactive potential of natural biomaterials: identification, retention and assessment of biological properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran Joyce ◽  
Georgina Targa Fabra ◽  
Yagmur Bozkurt ◽  
Abhay Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Drug Delivery Device ◽  
Biomedical Device ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioactive Potential

AbstractBiomaterials have had an increasingly important role in recent decades, in biomedical device design and the development of tissue engineering solutions for cell delivery, drug delivery, device integration, tissue replacement, and more. There is an increasing trend in tissue engineering to use natural substrates, such as macromolecules native to plants and animals to improve the biocompatibility and biodegradability of delivered materials. At the same time, these materials have favourable mechanical properties and often considered to be biologically inert. More importantly, these macromolecules possess innate functions and properties due to their unique chemical composition and structure, which increase their bioactivity and therapeutic potential in a wide range of applications. While much focus has been on integrating these materials into these devices via a spectrum of cross-linking mechanisms, little attention is drawn to residual bioactivity that is often hampered during isolation, purification, and production processes. Herein, we discuss methods of initial material characterisation to determine innate bioactivity, means of material processing including cross-linking, decellularisation, and purification techniques and finally, a biological assessment of retained bioactivity of a final product. This review aims to address considerations for biomaterials design from natural polymers, through the optimisation and preservation of bioactive components that maximise the inherent bioactive potency of the substrate to promote tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals When the Balance Tips: Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics as a Culprit in Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4617
Author(s):  
Styliana Kyriakoudi ◽  
Anthi Drousiotou ◽  
Petros P. Petrou
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Mitochondrial Fusion ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, the morphology of which is tightly linked to their functions. The interplay between the coordinated events of fusion and fission that are collectively described as mitochondrial dynamics regulates mitochondrial morphology and adjusts mitochondrial function. Over the last few years, accruing evidence established a connection between dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics and disease development and progression. Defects in key components of the machinery mediating mitochondrial fusion and fission have been linked to a wide range of pathological conditions, such as insulin resistance and obesity, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Here, we provide an update on the molecular mechanisms promoting mitochondrial fusion and fission in mammals and discuss the emerging association of disturbed mitochondrial dynamics with human disease.

Cassava Processing in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Implications for Expanding Cassava Production

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Izu Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Poor Soil

Cassava makes an important contribution to improving food security and rural incomes in sub-Saharan Africa, as it is tolerant of drought and poor soil and its cultivation does not require much labour. However, the fresh roots are bulky and perishable and need to be processed before they can be marketed; processing also removes the cyanogens which make many varieties poisonous in their raw form. Cassava roots are turned into granules, flours, pastes and chips, with a wide range of flavours and appearances for different areas and markets. Many different processing techniques are used, some of which make intensive use of fuelwood while others require a plentiful water supply. These requirements, as well as the need for a good transport and marketing infrastructure, limit the expansion of cassava production in sub-Saharan Africa, but technical solutions are being found.

Lateral skull base surgery: a complicated pursuit?

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
V C Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Skull Base Surgery ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Know How ◽  
Team Assessment ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Lateral Skull Base ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multi Disciplinary Team

AbstractThe management of lesions of the lateral skull base is a highly sophisticated branch of surgery generally performed by otolaryngology–head and neck surgeons as part of a multi-disciplinary team. Assessment of patients with diseases affecting the lateral skull base can be complex, as can the application of the various treatment modalities and the management of the expected and unexpected side effects of that treatment.A wide range of pathological conditions occur in the lateral skull base. Many operations and procedures have been described for dealing with them. There is not necessarily one correct solution to the management of any particular problem in the skull base, with multiple factors to be considered in planning and intervention.As surgeons, we need to know how our own results and outcomes compare with pooled, published data concerning the implications and complications occurring as a result of intervention, in order to better advise our patients on their management.

Targeted chemical nucleases have a wide range of untapped applications in biological fields, including gene therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complex ◽  
Dna Cleavage ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Major Groove ◽  
Sequence Recognition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Nucleases

A feasible alternative to state-of-the-art enzymatic nucleases was created by regulating the cleavage activity of metal complexes using (covalent or non-covalent) homing agents. Targeted AMNs, unlike enzymatic nucleases, break DNA by an oxidative mechanism and can therefore permanently knock off genes. Compared to larger enzymatic nucleases, the modest size of the metal complex may aid cellular transfection. Furthermore, the painstaking construction of the sequence-specific probe permits a metal complex to be directed to dsDNA's minor or major groove. To direct the chemical reactivity of several small-molecule compounds to dsDNA's minor groove, covalently bonded polyamide samples were used. PNA and DNA were also used to construct antisense and antigen hybrids, with Watson–Crick or Hoogsteen base pairing with major groove nucleobases giving sequence recognition. Click chemistry created chimeric AMN-TFOs with desirable focused effects and negligible off-target cleavage. Clip-Phen-modified TFOs, 230 polypyridyl-modified TFOs, 232 and intercalating phenanthrene-modified TFOs are three contemporary instances of copper AMN–TFOs. All three systems have distinct advantages in maintaining the desired 2:1 phenthroline/copper ratio for DNA cleavage (clip-Phen TFOs), caging the copper center and facilitating efficient ROS-mediated strand scission (polypyridyl-modified TFO) and improving triplex stability (polypyridyl-modified TFO) (phenanthrene-TFOs). Cerium (IV)/EDTA complexes, recently shown to bind and hydrolytically cleave ssDNA/dsDNA junctions and used in conjunction with PNA to successfully introduce genome changes in vitro and in vivo, are another important class of targeted chemical nucleases. The chemical reactivity and wide flexibility of metal complex design, combined with their coupling to sequence specific samples for directed applications, show that these compounds have a wide range of untapped applications in biological fields such as chemotherapy, protein engineering, DNA footprinting, and gene editing. Parallel advancements in cell and tissue targeting will be essential to maximise their therapeutic potential, either by using specific ligands or creating new targeting modalities.

EXPRESS: On the Limit of Detection in Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 000370282110509
Author(s):  
Laurin Lux ◽  
Yamuna Dilip Phal ◽  
Pei-Hsuan Hsieh ◽  
Rohit Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Protein Microarray ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Ir Imaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Processing Techniques

Infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging instruments’ performance can be characterized and optimized by an analysis of their limit of detection (LoD). Here we report a systematic analysis of the LoD for Fourier transform IR (FT-IR) and discrete frequency IR (DFIR) imaging spectrometers. In addition to traditional measurements of sample and blank data, we propose a decision theory perspective to pose the determination of LoD as a binary classification problem under different assumptions of noise uniformity and correlation. We also examine three spectral analysis approaches, namely absorbance at a single frequency, sum of absorbance over selected frequencies and total spectral distance – to suit instruments that acquire discrete or contiguous spectral bandwidths. The analysis is validated by refining the fabrication of a bovine serum albumin protein microarray to provide eight uniform spots from 2.8 nL of solution for each concentration over a wide range (0.05 -10 mg/mL). Using scanning parameters that are typical for each instrument, we estimate a LoD of 0.16 mg/mL and 0.12 mg/mL for widefield and line scanning FT-IR imaging systems, respectively, usingthespectraldistanceapproach,and0.22mg/mLand0.15mg/mL using an optimal set of discrete frequencies. As expected, averaging and the use of post-processing techniques such as minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation results in LoDs as low as 0.075 mg/mL that correspond to a spotted protein mass of 112 fg/pixel. We emphasize that these measurements were conducted at typical imaging parameters for each instrument and can be improved using the usual trading rules of IR spectroscopy. This systematic analysis and methodology for determining the LoD can allow for quantitative measures of confidence in imaging an analyte’s concentration and a basis for further improving IR imaging technology.

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