scholarly journals Hardiness training for HIV-infected women

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
G. N. Savchenko ◽  
O. V. Koltsova

Aim objective is to study the relationship between the viability of HIV-infected women and their psychological state, lifelong orientations, and coping strategies for developing psychological intervention.Materials and methods. The study participants were patients of the St. Petersburg Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS. The questionnaire includes the socio-demographic characteristics of women. «Resilience Test» S. Muddy, test «Meaningful Life Orientations» (SJO) D. A. Leont’ev, Stress Management Strategies (SACS) Questionnaire C. Hobfall, the SSD-12 scale evaluates the psychological stress associated with somatic symptoms. The Impact of Event Scale is designed to measure specific human responses to stressors, where a common scale measures the degree to which a response to HIV infection is a traumatic event.Results. The average age of women who participated in the training is 38.9 years. 48,1% (13/27) have higher education. 37% (10/27) have No children. 48,1% (13/27) of women are single (do not have a permanent sexual partner). 33,3% (9/27) of the participants were diagnosed with HIV infection less than a year ago. The training included a complex of three classes. Participants gathered once a week from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. The group was open. Those who completed a set of three classes were asked to fill out a feedback form. The indicators of the «Resilience» test at a high level of statistical significance are positively associated with the indicators of the LSS «General Intelligence», «Goals in Life», «Life Process», «Life Efficiency», «Locus of Control-I», «Locus of Control-Life». The severity of the perception of the diagnosis of HIV infection as a traumatic event has a two-way connection with psychological tension (at the cognitive, affective and behavioral levels), a negative connection with the meaning of life orientations and the need to find the «source» of the meaning of life at the moment. The traumatic effect of HIV infection is associated with aggressive behavior, difficulties in the meaningfulness of what is happening, with a loss of vigilance and self-confidence.

World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Рыбык Л. А.

The preambule gives the reasons for the relevance of the problem of experiencing the loss and grief of the perished law enforcers` wives in Ukraine, providing them with psychological counseling and the necessary psychological assistance based on the modern scientific heritage, world and local practical experience. The aim of the study is to examine the theoretical and practical approaches of providing psychological assistance to widows, as well as to analyze the impact of psychological assistance on the overall level of adaptive grieving.The main part reveals the main theoretical and practical approaches to the definition of varieties, structure and content of systemic psychological support based on extreme psychology and crisis intervention. It was noted the necessity of providing emotional support and psychological assistance at the early stages of experiencing grief and loss. It presents the brief description of the factors influencing psychological state of the person, who is in an emergency situation - the sudden death of a loved one.The concept of adaptive and non-adaptive ways of responding to stress factors, based on a study by E. Lindemann, is considered. Psychological reactions are described that correspond to different phases of a crisis state after a traumatic event, accordingly to the studies of D. Aguilera and J. Messick. The results of a comparative experimental psychological examination of the perished law enforcers` wives are set out in order to determine the significance of individual factors of socio-psychological adaptation for the formation of effective psych correctional programs. Statistically reliable data on the impact of psychological support on the general level of socio-psychological adaptation are obtained. In conclusion, it is stated the reasonability of providing the psychological assistance in case of loss, taking into account the hierarchy of personal problems. Experimentally proven that, when providing systemic psychological assistance, there is a tendency towards to of adaptability and emotional comfort indicators, decrease of level and moving away from problem situations avoidance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Sun ◽  
Dongliang Yang ◽  
Yafen Li ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Wenqing Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract The first case of 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, South China Seafood Market in December 2019. As a group with a high probability of infection, health workers are faced with a certain degree of psychological challenges in the process of facing the epidemic. This study attempts to evaluate the impact of 2019-nCoV outbreak on the psychological state of Chinese health workers and to explore the influencing factors. During the period from 31 January 2020 to 4 February 2020, the ‘Questionnaire Star’ electronic questionnaire system was used to collect data. The 2019-nCoV impact questionnaire and The Impact of Event Scale (IES) were used to check the psychological status of health workers in China. A total of 442 valid data were collected in this study. Seventy-four (16.7%) male and 368 (83.3%) female individuals participated in this study. The average score of high arousal dimension was 5.15 (s.d. = 4.71), and the median score was 4.0 (IQR 2.0, 7.0). The average score of IES was 15.26 (s.d. = 11.23), and the median score was 13.5 (IQR 7.0, 21.0). Multiple regression analysis showed that there were critical statistical differences in high arousal scores among different gender groups (male 3.0 vs. female 5.0, P = 0.075). Whether being quarantined had significant statistical differences of IES scores (being quarantined 16.0 vs. not being quarantined 13.0, P = 0.021). The overall impact of the 2019-nCoV outbreak on health workers is at a mild level. Chinese health workers have good psychological coping ability in the face of public health emergencies.


2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S264-S265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pompili ◽  
M. Innamorati ◽  
D. Erbuto ◽  
M. Amore ◽  
P. Girardi

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health issue.ObjectivesMentalization is a form of imaginative mental activity about others or oneself that may shed light on the phenomenology of suicide.AimsTo assess the role of a number of variables in suicide risk.MethodsParticipants were 156 (73 men and 83 women) adult psychiatric inpatients (age range = 18/74 year). Most of the patients had a major mood disorder (26.3% BD-I, 3.2% BD-II, and 11.5 MDD), psychosis (16.7%), or a schizoaffective disorder (20.5%). All the patients were administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for assessing diagnosis and suicide risk, and the Impact of event scale, Mentalization Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Some patients (18.6%) were admitted for a recent suicide attempt and 34.6% had attempted suicide in the past.ResultsAt the MINI, 44.9% of the patients resulted at a moderate to high risk of suicide, and 55.1% at no or low risk of suicide with no difference for sociodemographic variables (sex and age) and diagnosis, but they differed for mentalization and symptoms of intrusions and avoidance caused by a traumatic event. Groups also did not differ for self-reported childhood trauma. Only mentalization was independently associated with higher suicide risk, and patients with moderate to severe risk of suicide were 1.7 times more likely to report more mentalization deficits than those with no or low risk of suicide.ConclusionsOur study supports the notion that the investigation of mentalization among patients may help in proper assessment of suicide risk.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


Author(s):  
Biao Chen ◽  
Qing-xian Li ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Jia-yong Zhu ◽  
Yu-hang Wu ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose: To assess the psychological effects of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on medical staff and the general public.Methods: During the outbreak of COVID-19, an internet-based questionnaire included The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to assess the impact of the epidemic situation on the mental health of medical staff and general population in Wuhan and its surrounding areas.Results: The results suggest that the outbreak of COVID-19 has affected individuals significantly, the degree of which is related to age, sex, occupation and mental illness. There was a significant difference in PSS-10 and IES-R scores between the medical staff and the general population. The medical staff showed higher PSS-10 scores (16.813 ± 4.87) and IES-R scores (22.40 ± 12.12) compared to members of the general population PSS-10 (14.80 ± 5.60) and IES-R scores (17.89 ± 13.08). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the SDS scores of medical staff (44.52 ± 12.36) and the general public (43.08 ± 11.42). In terms of the need for psychological assistance, 50.97% of interviewees responded that they needed psychological counseling, of which medical staff accounted for 65.87% and non-medical staff accounted for 45.10%.Conclusion: During the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, great attention should be paid to the mental health of the population, especially medical staff, and measures such as psychological intervention should be actively carried out for reducing the psychosocial effects.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Fernandez ◽  
Chiara Callerame

Survivors involved in natural or man-made disasters can develop a range of psychological problems including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, other forms of psychological distress, and a poor quality of life. Therefore, the principal focus of early psychological interventions, according to World Health Organization, is to provide a rapid and effective therapeutical approach like EMDR therapy. The EMDR approach enables the assimilation and integration of the various aspects of a traumatic experience at a somatic, sensorial, cognitive, behavioral and emotional level. In this article will be presented data of 47 patients collected after the partial collapse of Morandi bridge, in Genoa, in August 2018. Survivors were treated applying the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP); in order to evaluate the effect of the traumatic event and to monitor the intervention outcome, the Impact of Event Scale- Revised (IES-R) was administered to each person pre and after EMDR treatment. Results show that regardless the number of sessions and the time elapsed after the disaster in which they were performed, EMDR significantly reduced participants’ IES-R scores from pre-treatment to posttreatment. Clinical implications and limits of the study will be discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 4341-4348
Author(s):  
Qi Chen ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Hui Liang

Objective. To explore the impact of whole interventional psychological intervention combined with action-oriented teaching on the incidence of postoperative complications and negative emotion in patients with malignant glioma (MG). Methods. 96 MG patients admitted to our hospital (January 2020 - January 2021) were selected, and equally split into the control group (CG) treated with routine nursing and the study group (SG) treated with whole interventional psychological intervention combined with action-oriented approach on the basis of routine nursing. The impact of the two nursing patterns on the incidence of postoperative complications and negative emotion of patients was scientifically evaluated. Results. The patients of CG and SG showed no statistical difference in general data (P>0.05). Compared with CG, the proportion of patients with severe and extreme pain, and the scores of Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) in SG were notably lower (P<0.05). According to statistics, intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 4 cases of CG and 0 case of SG, diarrhea occurred in 5 cases of CG and 1 case of SG, hyperpyrexia occurred in 4 cases of CG and 1 case of SG, and nausea and vomiting occurred in 2 cases of CG and 2 cases of SG, so it could be seen that the incidence of adverse reactions in SG was notably lower compared with CG (P<0.05). The scores of 36-item short-form health survey scale (SF-36) and nursing quality in SG were notably higher compared with CG (P<0.05). Conclusion. The combination of whole interventional psychological intervention and action-oriented teaching can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, relieve postoperative pain, improve psychological state and further improve quality of life of MG patients. Therefore, it is an effective intervention program that can improve nursing Quality.


2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
pp. s20-s26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Mitani

AbstractIntroduction:The Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R) has been used in various epidemiological studies to assess the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies using the IES-R Japanese version to assess the mental health of firefighters were based on the premise that firefighters had experienced a traumatic event(s) as a matter of course. However, use of the IES-R-J does not indicate whether or not a traumatic event was experienced. The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences between: (1) IES-R-J high and low score groups; and (2) those who report symptoms similar to those of PTSD with and without having been being exposed to a traumatic event.Methods:Questionnaire packets distributed to all 157 workers in a Japanese fire station included the IES-R, the Japan Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, a questionnaire regarding traumatic event experiences, and demographic questions. Participants who scored ≥25 points on the IES-R-J scale were defined as the PTSD high risk (HR) group; those with scores <25 points as the PTSD low risk (LR) group.Results:One hundred thirty-one of the 157 subjects (83.4%) responded to the questionnaire; three were excluded from the analysis because of missing data. The mean total IES-R-J score was 14.9 ±15.2. Twenty-eight subjects scored in the PTSD HR group (≥25); 100 scored in the LR group (<25). A total of 54 (42.2%) participants had experienced a traumatic event; 57.8% had not. In the HR group, 14 subjects had experienced a traumatic event and 14 had not. Participants who had experienced a traumatic event reported a higher incidence of intrusion/re-experience symptoms than did those who had not experienced a traumatic event. The level of social support significantly affected the risk for PTSD.Firefighters who scored ≥25 on the IES-R-J and, thus, considered to be at high risk for the development of PTSD, were less confident about their health, experienced more job stressors and had less social support than did those whose IES-R-J scores were <25. Having experienced a traumatic event was reported by only 42% of all the participants and by only 50% of those in the high risk PTSD group.Conclusions:Although the IES-R is an easily-administered tool useful in epidemiological studies evaluating psychological stress, it is recommended that the questionnaire be amended to include a question regarding the existence of a threatened experience or event and to analyze the data using positive and negative predictive value methodology.


1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Feinstein ◽  
Ray Dolan

SYNOPSISA prospective study documenting psychopathology was undertaken in 48 subjects exposed to a range of physical trauma, but whose injuries were of similar severity. No support was found for the DSM-III-R view correlating the severity of the stressor with the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Distress post injury (high scores on the impact of event scale), indicative of difficulty with cognitive assimilation of the traumatic event, was found to be highly predictive of psychiatric morbidity and PTSD at 6 months.


Author(s):  
Sumaira Mehreen ◽  
Madiha Asghar

The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of traumatic event on university students. In this study the students of settled area were compared with students of FATA on impact of event scale. Sample of N=200 university students belongs to settled area and FATA of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were taken from different universities. Students of settled area (n=100) included 49 male and 51 female students between the ages of 18 and 23 years (M=20.50, SD=1.24). And students of FATA (n=100) included 81 male and 19 female students between the ages of 19 and 23 years (M=20.58, SD=1.02). Convenient sampling technique was used for data collection. Responses of all the students were analyzed with statistical package of social sciences version 20. The findings of study indicated that the impact of event was high on students belongs to area directly affected by war (FATA) as compared to students of settled area. The level of stress among university students belongs to FATA was higher due to militancy and war in their areas. The results supported the main hypothesis. Further research studies are required to explore the other areas of FATA and to identify the other factors. Limitations of the study for future researches and practice were also discussed.


Author(s):  
Kozihora M.A.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to determine the conceptual content of continuous traumatic stress and the contexts of its application. Methods. The investigation uses methods of the literature theoretical study in combination with analysis, synthesis and generalization. Results. The article presents the results of the analysis of the main psychological literature sources to determine the conceptual content of the prolonged traumatic stress concept. The main application contexts of the continuous traumatic stress concept are singled out and analyzed: the context of man - caused and natural disasters, the military context, the contexts of domestic violence and pandemics. The leading feature of continuous traumatic stress caused by disasters has been found to be that they cannot determine the exact time when one traumatic event ended and another began. A sign of prolonged traumatic stress in servicemen who are in the combat zone is that they are not only there, but also directly involved in the action. Equally important is the context of domestic violence against women and children. It was found that women who are constantly in such stressful situations, constantly feel discomfort when communicating with men. Children who experience prolonged domestic violence have broken relationships with adults and lack communication skills with peers. The introduction of quarantine in connection with a pandemic has been identified as a continuous traumatic and stressful situation. The pandemic situation has a negative impact not only on the social status, but also on the psychological state of people, including the most vulnerable groups: health workers, people with chronic diseases and the elderly. After the disease, some people experience fear, anxiety, depression, which disappear in a few months. Conclusions. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that prolonged traumatic stress indicates the impact of past, present and future stressors, which cannot be avoided. This concept is used in several contexts: man-made and natural disasters, the military context, the contexts of domestic violence and pandemics. Traumatic situations have not only social but also psychological impact, which manifests itself both immediately and sometime after a long traumatic experience.Key words: constant danger, traumatic event, domestic violence, military conflicts, psychological trauma, pandemic. Мета. Метою статті є визначення концептуального змісту тривалого травматичного стресу та контексти його застосування. Методи. У дослідженні використано методи теоретичного вивчення літератури в сукупності аналізу, синтезу й узагальнення. Результати. У статті представлено результати аналізу основних психологічних літературних джерел щодо визначення концептуального змісту поняття тривалого травматичного стресу. Виділено та проаналізовано основні контексти застосування поняття тривалого травматичного стресу: контекст техногенних і природних катастроф, військовий контекст, контексти домашнього насилля та пандемії. З’ясовано, що провідною особливістю тривалого травматичного стресу людей внаслідок катастроф є те, що вони не можуть визначити точний час моменту, коли одна травмуюча подія закінчилась, а інша розпочалася. Ознакою тривалого травматичного стресу у військовослужбовців, які перебувають у зоні проведення бойових дій, є те, що вони не тільки там перебувають, а й беруть безпосередню участь у діях. Не менш важливим є контекст домашнього насильства щодо жінок та дітей. Виявлено, що жінки, які постійно перебувають у таких стресових ситуаціях, постійно відчувають дискомфорт під час спілкування з чоловіками. У дітей, які переживають тривале домашнє насильство, порушуються зв’язки з дорослими, є недостатня кількість навичок спілкування з однолітками. Визначено, що тривалою травматичною і стресовою ситуацією є введення карантину у зв’язку з пандемією. Ситуація пандемії негативно впливає не тільки на соціальний статус, а й на психологічний стан осіб, зокрема найбільш уразливих груп: медпрацівників, осіб із хронічними захворюваннями, літніх людей. Після перенесеної хвороби деякі люди відчувають страх, занепокоєння, депресію, які за декілька місяців зникають. Висновки. Результати дослідження дали змогу дійти висновків про те, щотривалий травматичний стрес позначає вплив минулих, теперішніх та майбутніх стресорів, яких неможливо уникнути. Це поняття застосовується в декількох контекстах: техногенних та природних катастроф, військовому контексті, контекстах домашнього насильства та пандемії. Травматичні ситуації мають не лише соціальний, а й психологічний вплив, що проявляється як одразу, так і за деякий час після тривалого травматичного досвіду.Ключові слова: постійна небезпека, травмуюча подія, домашнє насильство, військові конфлікти, психологічна травма, пандемія.


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