scholarly journals Typological features of the brain in normal conditions and in cerebral hypoperfusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-353
Author(s):  
V. V. Chrishtop ◽  
T. A. Rumyantseva ◽  
V. G. Nikonorova
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Rehabilitation Measures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

Relevance. Stress resistance and cognitive abilities of the patient, forming the personal component of the rehabilitation potential, have a significant impact on the course and recovery period after cerebral hypoxia of various origins. The adaptation of rehabilitation measures to the individual characteristics of the patient will significantly increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this work is to generalize experimental and clinical studies characterizing the influence of individual characteristics of higher nervous activity on the course of cerebral hypoperfusion. Materials and methods . The study of literary sources of scientometric scientific bases for the last 15 years has been carried out. Results . The level of stress resistance is based on alternative biochemical strategies of neuronal metabolism of macroergs and neurotransmitters. At the organismic level, this is realized in a greater base voltage of the stress-activating system and a smaller reserve capacity of the sympathoadrenal system. In general, this leads to more severe cerebral hypoperfusion in stress-resistant individuals and slower recovery and is correlated with a high baseline sympathetic nervous system tone, insulin and testosterone concentrations. At the same time, a low level of stress resistance determines a greater sensitivity to exogenous corrective influences in cerebral hypoperfusion. The level of cognitive ability is associated with astrocytic responses and the organization of synaptic ensembles. The participation of astrocytes in the regulation of glutamate levels probably has a combined effect on both the state of cognitive mechanisms and damage to the components of neuroglial assemblies during hypoxia. This is also due to the release of S100 +, which, in turn, enhances the coordinated oscillations of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and may be the cause of greater damage to the cells of the cerebral hemispheres of the brain in animals with a high level of cognitive abilities in the cerebral hypoperfusion model.

Conspicuous consumption of luxury experiences: an experimental investigation of status perceptions on social media

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Siepmann ◽  
Lisa Carola Holthoff ◽  
Pascal Kowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Conspicuous Consumption ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Purpose As luxury goods are losing their importance for demonstrating status, wealth or power to others, individuals are searching for alternative status symbols. Recently, individuals have increasingly used conspicuous consumption and displays of experiences on social media to obtain affirmation. This study aims to analyze the effects of luxury and nonluxury experiences, as well as traditional luxury goods on status- and nonstatus-related dimensions. Design/methodology/approach After presenting the theoretical foundation, the authors conduct a study with 599 participants to compare status perceptions elicited by the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods, luxury experiences and nonluxury experiences. The authors investigate whether experiences that are visibly consumed on Instagram are replacing traditional luxury goods as the most important status symbols. Furthermore, the authors examine the effects of the content shown on nonstatus-related dimensions and analyze whether status perceptions differ between female and male social media communicators. Finally, the authors analyze how personal characteristics (self-esteem, self-actualization and materialism) influence the status perceptions of others on social media. Findings The results show that luxury goods are still the most important means of displaying status. However, especially for women, luxury experiences are also associated with a high level of social status. Thus, the results imply important gender differences in the perceptions of status- and nonstatus-related dimensions. Furthermore, the findings indicate that, in particular, the individual characteristics of self-actualization and materialism affect status perceptions depending on the posted content. Originality/value While the research has already considered some alternative forms of conspicuous consumption, little attention has been given to experiences as status symbols. However, with their growing importance as substitutes for luxury goods and the rise of social media, the desire to conspicuously consume experiences is increasing. The authors address this gap in the literature by focusing on the conspicuous display of luxury and nonluxury experiences on social media.

scholarly journals THE SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT AMONG THE FUTURE EDUCATORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Pomytkin ◽  
◽  
Daria Bohdanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Intelligence Development

The results of theoretical research identify the following specific features of spiritual intelligence development among future educators: awareness of self-realization, ability to forecast, professionalism, and capability of the person to self-regulation. Spiritual intelligence is represented as the highest form of intelligence of the teacher’s personality, which determines the structure of one’s values, is used for self-expression (which is the primary goal of pedagogical activity), and is a determining success factor in the process of forming a model of understanding the meaning of life by the followers. The spiritual intelligence of a teacher guides one’s ability for self-improvement and self-motivation for effective, humanistic-oriented pedagogical activity, and is the main mean of finding teacher's own “Me” within the framework of the professional activity. The core traits of the highly-developed spiritual intelligence of the teacher are seen in one’s ability to inspire others, to a deep self-awareness, to flexibility in making pedagogical decisions, as well as in one's capability of representing compassion and openness in relation to the learners. Spiritual and intellectual abilities and skills may have significant differences among people, depending on the individual characteristics of the individual, one’s spiritual beliefs, religious preconditions for one’s formation and development. The spiritual intelligence of the individual can be advanced throughout life, and this tendency may be referred to as the necessary prerequisite for the professional development of teachers and their achievement of a high level of pedagogical mastery.

scholarly journals Features of the training process of freestyle wrestlers in the pre-competition stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 3232-3239
Author(s):  
Bakytbek Konakbayev ◽  
Raisa Bekembetova ◽  
Omirzhan Bekturganov
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Blood Lactate Level ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis ◽  
Body Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
Functional Indices

As a kind of sport, wrestling is characterized by a complex compositional nature of preparing, which requires equal attention to the development of the physical and functional qualities of an athlete. The aim of the study is to optimize the mode and algorithm of training loads of a competitive nature in the period of preparation. The effectiveness of the training process was evaluated by functional indices and blood lactate level not only at the end of training load, but also in the recovery period. In the process of the study also, pedagogical analysis was carried out, anthropometric parameters and analysis of body components were determined. The results of the study indicate the need for regular monitoring of the regime of loads in order to timely correction of the training process, taking into account the individual characteristics of wrestlers at the stage of pre-competition preparing. Keywords: competitive wrestling; freestyle wrestling; functional preparation; lactate; training process.

scholarly journals Modern methods of forming the motivational sphere of students in music classes

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 18125
Author(s):  
Irina Korsakova ◽  
Vitalij Belobragin ◽  
Ekaterina Putria ◽  
Nelli Islamova ◽  
Tatiana Mozdykova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Personal Approach ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Motivation

This paper discusses the concept of “motivation” in relation to the process of music education. The most effective ways of teaching are highlighted, which allow achieving a high level of motivation among students learning music, among which the method of active learning is recognized as the most effective for achieving this goal. The system of various motives that induce the student to educational activity is considered. Particular attention is paid to the process of formation and development of motives and needs; emphasis is placed on the importance of a personal approach to learning, taking into account the individual characteristics and abilities of each student. The personality of the teacher and the nature of his relationship with students are recognized as one of the fundamental factors affecting the success of training. The main pedagogical conditions that contribute to the increase of the motivational sphere of students are highlighted, such as: a personal approach, the creation of a special motivational atmosphere, the aspiration for the transition to self-education and self-development, the choice of the most effective forms of work. The conclusion is made about the necessary presence of internal motivation for the process of learning a subject (in this case, music) for productive educational activity. The problems in the field of music education are revealed, which consists in the lack of psychological knowledge among music teachers about the specifics of the formation of the motivational sphere of students.

scholarly journals Teacher’s burnout syndrome: the phenomenology of the process

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Bulatevych
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Emotional Burnout

Abstract Introduction. The article is devoted to the phenomenology of burnout symptoms among teachers and determining their individual characteristics. Aim. The aim was to study the phenomenology of the burnout process among teachers and to define its individual determinants. Material and methods. The theoretical basis for the study was a burnout model described by V.V. Boyko considering the burnout as a mechanism of psychological protection of personality in response to the traumatic circumstances of the environment. The following diagnostic tools were used: the Boyko’s Emotional Burnout Inventory, the Inventory on behavior and experience in the working environment by W. Schaarschmidt and A. Fischer and the individual-typological questionnaire by L.Sobchik. In order to calculate and evaluate the results, methods of mathematical statistics were applied. Results. The results of polling 132 teachers show that more than one third of working teachers show prominent features of high level burnout. This is combined with a number of personality traits and features of behavior, and with an emotional response of the teacher to the circumstances of the working environment, what suggests the need for the development and systematic implementation of prevention programs and correction of burnout among working teachers. Conclusions. A significant part of the surveyed teachers show signs of burnout expressed at a significant level. Thus, the problem of psychological assistance and psychological support for working teachers remains relevant and requires the search for effective technologies and techniques for providing psychological assistance.

Statistical analysis of the dependence of the development level of patriotic feelings of adolescents on the structural components

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Tatiana E. Manger ◽  
Yulia V. Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
The Individual

We analyze the dependence of the development level of patriotic feelings in adolescents on the components that characterize the cognitive abilities, values and motivation, skills of adolescents. On the basis of the correlation-regression analysis, a high closeness of connections between the resulting feature (level of patriotism) and factors-components is revealed. The study presents methods that allow a comprehensive assessment from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, each component, to determine the individual characteristics and inclinations of an individual, its potential in the process of education and upbringing, social adaptation. In addition, it is substantiated that with an increase in the level of patriotism, the score of the components rises. The upbringing of patriotic feelings in adolescents is a complex process based on a holistic approach to the upbringing of a personality, its development, which includes the development of the highest moral qualities. Patriotic education at various stages of the development of society is conditioned by social and economic, political events that took place in a particular country. The basis in patriotic education is a person who has the appropriate knowledge, has the highest moral and spiritual and moral qualities. Thanks to the developed program of patriotic education “I am a patriot” in the institution of additional education, adolescents have significantly increased the level of patriotism.

scholarly journals High-Level Language Production in Parkinson's Disease: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori J. P. Altmann ◽  
Michelle S. Troche
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Discourse Production ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

This paper discusses impairments of high-level, complex language production in Parkinson's disease (PD), defined as sentence and discourse production, and situates these impairments within the framework of current psycholinguistic theories of language production. The paper comprises three major sections, an overview of the effects of PD on the brain and cognition, a review of the literature on language production in PD, and a discussion of the stages of the language production process that are impaired in PD. Overall, the literature converges on a few common characteristics of language production in PD: reduced information content, impaired grammaticality, disrupted fluency, and reduced syntactic complexity. Many studies also document the strong impact of differences in cognitive ability on language production. Based on the data, PD affects all stages of language production including conceptualization and functional and positional processing. Furthermore, impairments at all stages appear to be exacerbated by impairments in cognitive abilities.

Neuronal Coding of Serial Order: Syntax of Grooming in the Neostriatum

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wayne Aldridge ◽  
Kent C. Berridge ◽  
Mark Herman ◽  
Lee Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neuronal Coding ◽  
Behavioral Sequences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

How does the brain create rule-governed sequences of behavior? An answer to this question may come from a surprising source: the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen). Traditionally, the neostriatum has been considered part of the brain's motor system, but its contribution to the preparation or execution of movement is recognized generally to concern high-level motor functions. Recent work implicates the neostriatum in disorders of sequential action and thought, as in the repetition of thoughts or habits in human obsessive-compulsive disorder and movements or speech in Tourette's syndrome. Yet there is no direct evidence to support the idea that the neostriatum controls sequences of behavior. Using ethological and neurophysiological techniques to study neural activity in the rat neostriatum during syntactic grooming sequences, we found that neuronal activity in the anterolateral neostriatum depended on the execution of syntactic sequences of grooming actions. The individual grooming movements themselves did not activate the neostriatum; activation was determined by the syntactic sequence in which grooming movements were performed. These data provide the first direct evidence that the neostriatum coordinates the control of rule-governed behavioral sequences.

scholarly journals Experience-dependent reshaping of body gender perception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia D’Argenio ◽  
Alessandra Finisguerra ◽  
Cosimo Urgesi
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Gender Perception ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Male Gender Role ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Biased Perception

AbstractProtracted exposure to specific stimuli causes biased visual aftereffects at both low- and high-level dimensions of a stimulus. Recently, it has been proposed that alterations of these aftereffects could play a role in body misperceptions. However, since previous studies have mainly addressed manipulations of body size, the relative contribution of low-level retinotopic and/or high-level object-based mechanisms is yet to be understood. In three experiments, we investigated visual aftereffects for body-gender perception, testing for the tuning of visual aftereffects across different characters and orientation. We found that exposure to a distinctively female (or male) body makes androgynous bodies appear as more masculine (or feminine) and that these aftereffects were not specific for the individual characteristics of the adapting body (Exp.1). Furthermore, exposure to only upright bodies (Exp.2) biased the perception of upright, but not of inverted bodies, while exposure to both upright and inverted bodies (Exp.3) biased perception for both. Finally, participants’ sensitivity to body aftereffects was lower in individuals with greater communication deficits and deeper internalization of a male gender role. Overall, our data reveals the orientation-, but not identity-tuning of body-gender aftereffects and points to the association between alterations of the malleability of body gender perception and social deficits.

scholarly journals Evaluation of EEG identification potential using statistical approach and convolutional neural networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Alexey Sulavko ◽  
Pavel Lozhnikov ◽  
Adil Choban ◽  
Denis Stadnikov ◽  
Alexey Nigrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Monitoring Applications ◽  
Psychophysiological State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personality Recognition ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Electroencephalograms contain information about the individual characteristics of the brain activities and the psychophysiological state of a subject. Purpose: To evaluate the identification potential of EEG, and to develop methods for the identification of users, their psychophysiological states and activities performed on a computer by their EEGs using convolutional neural networks. Results: The information content of EEG rhythms was assessed from the viewpoint of the possibility to identify a person and his/her state. A high accuracy of determining the identity (98.5–99.99% for 10 electrodes, 96.47% for two electrodes Fp1 and Fp2) with a low transit time (2–2.5 s) was achieved. A significant decrease in accuracy was detected if the person was in different psychophysiological states during the training and testing. In earlier studies, this aspect was not given enough attention. A method is proposed for increasing the robustness of personality recognition in altered psychophysiological states. An accuracy of 82–94% was achieved in recognizing states of alcohol intoxication, drowsiness or physical fatigue, and of 77.8–98.72% in recognizing the user's activities (reading, typing or watching video). Practical relevance: The results can be applied in security and remote monitoring applications.

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