scholarly journals Illocutionary Compulsion as a Sign of Pseudocommunication

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Inna V. Ponomaryova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
The Will ◽  
Dialogic Interaction ◽  
Psychological Mood ◽  
Different Levels

The study is timely and actual, since at present, due to the aggravation of interethnic and interstate relations, it is necessary to study discursive mechanisms, taking into account which would more successfully develop methods and models of dialogical discourse, formulate criteria and choose adequate means of carrying out dialogical activities at different levels of communication. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of dialogical speech in ineffective communication situations. The dialogical discourse fragments extracted by applying continuous sampling method the 20th century fiction which served as the material of the study. The methods of contextual analysis, interactional and intentional analysis were used in the study. The research allows comprehend from a linguistic point of view the regulation process of speech behavior of the dialogical interaction participants, to deepen the knowledge of nature and features of speech communication. Illocutionary compulsion is considered to be creating conditions by the communicant when the communicative partner is forced to participate in the communicative process contrary to the will and desire. The factor of illocutionary compulsion means dialogic interaction infringement on the communicative level, performing communicative characteristics of the dialogical discourse and determining the unity of the content aspect of the dialogical interaction; on the interactive level, which determines the interconnectedness of speech actions in communication; and on the perceptual level, associated with the personal socio-psychological and emotional-expressive characteristics of the communicants. On the communicative level such violations mean inconsistency of communicative intentions and strategies of the partners, inadequacy of the illocutionary focus, both structural and semantic incompatibility of replicas of partners, uninformativeness, unactuality, insignificance of messages within the dialogical interaction, violation of the principles governing speech communication. On the interactive level, such violations are manifested as the lack of interaction synchronization of speech actions of the communicants, non-focus of the partners actions on correlating the goals of each of the parties and on organizing their achievement, the lack of connection between speech courses and the lack of verbal and non-verbal signals providing interaction regulation. On the perceptual level such violations are incompatibility of peculiarities of worldview and world perception of the communicants, inadequacy of perception, interpretation and assessment of communicative partners of each other, inconsistency in motivation for actions, inadequate tonality of communication, incompatibility of expression of an emotional state and psychological mood. Thereby the factor of illocutionary compulsion promotes the formation of pseudocommunicative contacts situations. The process does not lead to the jointly created result, since it is carried out exclusively as a speaking process. The phenomenon of the pseudocommunicative contact includes various types of other negative phenomena and is characterized by the lack of general communicative meaning. The communication is made as a process but not a result therefore it is considered as unsuccessful, ineffective and unpromising

DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olena Karpenko ◽  
Tetiana Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Brain

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

Basic principles of Russian foreign policy under Vladimir Putin

Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Sadeghi Elham Mir Mohammad ◽  
Ahmad Vakhshitekh
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Foreign Policy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Moment

The article considers and analyses the basic principles and directions of Russian foreign policy activities during the presidency of V.V. Putin from the moment of his assumption of the post of head of state to the current presidential term. The authors determine the basic principles of Russia's foreign policy in the specified period and make the assessment to them. The study uses materials from publications of both Russian and foreign authors, experts in the field of political science, history and international relations, as well as documents regulating the foreign policy activities of the highest state authorities. The paper considers the process of forming the priorities of Russia's foreign policy both from the point of view of accumulated historical experience and continuity of the internal order, and in parallel with the processes of transformation of the entire system of international relations and the world order. The article notes the multi-vector nature of Russia's foreign policy strategy aimed at developing multilateral interstate relations, achieving peace and security in the interstate arena, actively countering modern challenges and threats to interstate security, as well as the formation of a multipolar world. The authors conclude that at present, Russia's foreign policy activity is aimed at strengthening Russia's prestige, supporting economic growth and competitiveness, ensuring security and implementing national interests. Internal political reforms contribute to strengthening the political power of the President of the Russian Federation and increasing the efficiency of foreign policy decision-making.

scholarly journals Management of Intraoperative Mechanical Ventilation to Prevent Postoperative Complications after General Anesthesia: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2656
Author(s):  
Alberto Fogagnolo ◽  
Federica Montanaro ◽  
Lou’i Al-Husinat ◽  
Cecilia Turrini ◽  
Michela Rauseo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Ventilation Induced Lung Injury ◽  
Different Levels

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is still necessary in many surgical procedures; nonetheless, intraoperative MV is not free from harmful effects. Protective ventilation strategies, which include the combination of low tidal volume and adequate positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels, are usually adopted to minimize the ventilation-induced lung injury and to avoid post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Even so, volutrauma and atelectrauma may co-exist at different levels of tidal volume and PEEP, and therefore, the physiological response to the MV settings should be monitored in each patient. A personalized perioperative approach is gaining relevance in the field of intraoperative MV; in particular, many efforts have been made to individualize PEEP, giving more emphasis on physiological and functional status to the whole body. In this review, we summarized the latest findings about the optimization of PEEP and intraoperative MV in different surgical settings. Starting from a physiological point of view, we described how to approach the individualized MV and monitor the effects of MV on lung function.

scholarly journals The Role of Simulation and Serious Games in Teaching Concepts on Circular Economy and Sustainable Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1138
Author(s):  
Rocio de la Torre ◽  
Bhakti S. Onggo ◽  
Canan G. Corlu ◽  
Maria Nogal ◽  
Angel A. Juan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Management ◽  
Teaching Methodologies ◽  
The Will

The prevailing need for a more sustainable management of natural resources depends not only on the decisions made by governments and the will of the population, but also on the knowledge of the role of energy in our society and the relevance of preserving natural resources. In this sense, critical work is being done to instill key concepts—such as the circular economy and sustainable energy—in higher education institutions. In this way, it is expected that future professionals and managers will be aware of the importance of energy optimization, and will learn a series of computational methods that can support the decision-making process. In the context of higher education, this paper reviews the main trends and challenges related to the concepts of circular economy and sustainable energy. Besides, we analyze the role of simulation and serious games as a learning tool for the aforementioned concepts. Finally, the paper provides insights and discusses open research opportunities regarding the use of these computational tools to incorporate circular economy concepts in higher education degrees. Our findings show that, while efforts are being made to include these concepts in current programs, there is still much work to be done, especially from the point of view of university management. In addition, the analysis of the teaching methodologies analyzed shows that, although their implementation has been successful in favoring the active learning of students, their use (especially that of serious games) is not yet widespread.

scholarly journals E-Commerce Calls for Cyber-Security and Sustainability: How European Citizens Look for a Trusted Online Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6752
Author(s):  
Idiano D’Adamo ◽  
Rocío González-Sánchez ◽  
Maria Sonia Medina-Salgado ◽  
Davide Settembre-Blundo
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Different Levels

The pandemic has changed the citizens’ behavior, inducing them to avoid any real contact. This has given an incredible impulse to e-commerce; however, the complexity of the topic has not yet been adequately explored in the literature. To fill this gap, this study has a twofold purpose: (1) to investigate how European countries comparatively perform in e-commerce, and (2) to describe what are the most important challenges for the further expansion of e-commerce. To this end, we adopted a hybrid methodology based on multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and a Likert scale survey. The first method allows to us rank the e-commerce performance of different European countries, while the second one looks at the problems and barriers that characterize online shopping. The results of the study show that European countries have different sensitivities to the issue of cyber-security, and among them it is possible to identify three groups with different levels of attention to the critical issues of e-commerce. The Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark belong to the group of countries most responsive to e-commerce. This request is part of a broader framework of transition toward sustainable development, i.e., a reliable digital environment where citizens and businesses can exercise their rights and freedoms in complete security. Finally, from a theoretical perspective, this paper adds a new baseline to the literature on the state of the art of e-commerce in Europe that addresses the effects of the pandemic. From a managerial point of view, decision makers can find in the results of this analysis a support for the setting of business strategies for the expansion of firms in certain markets and guidance for public authorities when defining regulatory policies for e-commerce.

scholarly journals MAKING THE CONTENTS OF LETTERS IN THE NOTARIS IN ISLAM'S LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Tubus Tubus
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

This paper aims to examine the making of the contents of wills examined from the point of view of Islamic law, in practice the reality in the lives of many people who have not heed the word basmallah as an incantation in the contents of the will for the followers of Islam. In this study using sociological juridical method, where the primary data obtained directly from field research, while secondary data obtained from the literature. The results obtained that the way of making the contents of the will and the absence of public legal awareness is optimal for the making of the contents of wills in accordance with Islamic law. And there are still weaknesses in the Making and Implementation of the contents of the current will, when the testament is oral, namely: The absence of the sacred intention or the noble intention of the collector must not necessarily occur; unsecured rights of the recipient, in the event of any problems of the future heirs of the pewasiat; there is a difficulty of proof in the absence of witnesses, when the will is brought before the Court. Law renewal in the making of the contents of the will in the presence of a notary in the perspective of Islamic law are: the reconstruction of its value, the Ideal Formation of the Will, the testament is done in writing witnessed by two witnesses and before the Notary. Ideal Construction Format of Testament Creation. The testament is written in the presence of two witnesses or in the form of a Deed or a Notary Deed. At the head of the will or the Deed or Notarial deed is included a sentence “Basmallah”.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ACCELERATION, COMPLICATION AND DEEPENING IN THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS IN MATHEMATICS LESSONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
B. T. Yessingeldinov ◽  
N. K. Ashirbaye ◽  
T. Y. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
Teaching Of Mathematics ◽  
Different Levels

A differentiated approach to teaching is one of the necessary conditions for humanization in education and plays a crucial role in the development of abilities, skills, and cognition of students. The teaching of Mathematics has extensive global experience of differentiated instruction. Differentiation was considered from the point of view of in- depth study of Mathematics in high school, the provision of assignments of different levels of complexity, resources, the pace of learning by students, individualization and personalization of teaching, etc. Modern pedagogy in the context of the humanization of teaching considers differentiation through orientation to the student, his needs and abilities to achieve the learning goals by all students in the classroom. There are three main principles for applying differentiation: acceleration, complication, and deepening. This article provides the literature review on differentiation in the classroom, its principles. An example of the application of the principles of differentiation in the lesson, examples of assignments in the process of formative assessment, and the results of the study are provided in the article.

scholarly journals Wydajność fiskalna podatków lokalnych, jej uwarunkowania i przestrzenne zróżnicowanie w Polsce

Studia BAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (65) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Joanna Śmiechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
Fiscal Efficiency ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Public Revenues

The article focuses on the fiscal efficiency of local taxes which in Poland are levies on wealth, i.e., real estate tax, means of transport tax, agricultural tax and forestry tax. The author discusses the determinants of fiscal efficiency of local taxes. Special attention is given to the analysis and assessment of fiscal importance of these taxes for municipalities and cities with powiat status, and to the role of public revenues for local government budgets. The author also compares fiscal efficiency of local taxes from the point of view of various types of their recipients and different levels of local government in Poland.

scholarly journals O enfrentamento às condições crônicas sob a ótica do estoicismo: lições de Sêneca e Epicteto / Coping with Chronic Conditions from the Perspective of Stoicism: Lessons from Seneca and Epictetus

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Luis Schwab ◽  
Simone Tetu Moysés ◽  
Beatriz Helena Sottile França ◽  
Renata Iani Werneck ◽  
Samuel Jorge Moysés
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Health It ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Care Models ◽  
Care Models ◽  
Work Routine ◽  
The Will ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTThis research has a theoretical approach based on the stoic principle that happiness and self-fulfillment are natural consequences of right attitudes. It is possible to change the will to suit the world and live sick and happy, in peril and yet happy, stating an individual desire completely autonomous and deterministic. This presupposes not an apathetic fatalism, but a moral resistance to better face the hardships of life. When faced with setbacks of destiny a stoic believes in an extreme personal freedom to ally with this almost absolute determinism. These are congruent principles to health care models for strengthening and supporting people in chronic conditions. A literature review of three important works of the Stoic School (Encheiridion and The Discourses, by Epictetus, and Moral Letters to Lucilius, by Seneca) was performed. The search words "health, disease, choice, discipline," with its English correspondents, were utilized for the selection of texts, interpreted by discourse analysis. It was sought a contribution to Public Health towards the management of chronic conditions, the silent epidemic of XXI century. As results some principles are presented converging to notions of selfcare and shared care for chronic conditions, primarily focused on the autonomy and discipline of users to manage their health. It is proposed the application of these principles to treatment planning in programs for chronic conditions, whether for ill patients or in special conditions of health, such as adolescence, disabilities, pregnancy, etc. Under this point of view these principles could be extended to health professionals because their work routine also features a chronic condition. That could benefit individuals, healthcare systems and society as a whole.RESUMOEsta pesquisa tem um enfoque teórico, baseada no princípio estoico de que felicidade e realização pessoal são consequências naturais de atitudes corretas. É possível alterar a vontade para se adequar ao mundo e viver doente e feliz, em perigo e ainda assim feliz, afirmando um desejo individual completamente autônomo e determinista. Isto não pressupõe um fatalismo apático, mas sim uma resistência moral para melhor enfrentar as agruras da vida. Ao deparar-se com os revezes do destino um estoico acredita em sua extrema liberdade pessoal para aliar-se a esse determinismo quase absoluto. Tais princípios são coerentes com modelos de atenção à saúde para o fortalecimento e apoio às pesso-as em condições crônicas. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de três importantes obras da Escola Estoica (En-cheiridion e The Discourses, de Epicteto, e Moral Letters to Lucilius, de Sêneca). Foram utilizadas as palavras de busca “saúde, doença, escolha, disciplina”, com suas correspondentes em inglês, para a seleção dos textos, interpreta-dos por análise do discurso. Buscou-se uma contribuição para a Saúde Coletiva, direcionada para o manejo das condi-ções crônicas, a epidemia silenciosa do século XXI. Como resultados são apresentados alguns princípios convergentes com noções de autocuidado e cuidado compartilhado, focados principalmente na autonomia e disciplina da pessoa usuária para monitorar a sua saúde. Propõe-se a aplicação desses princípios aos programas de atenção às condições crônicas, seja para portadores de doenças ou pessoas em condições especias de saúde, tais como adolescência, inca-pacidades, gravidez, etc. Sob este ponto de vista esses princípios poderiam ser estendidos aos profissionais de saúde, pois sua rotina de trabalho também caracteriza uma condição crônica. Disso poderiam beneficiar-se indivíduos, siste-mas de saúde e a sociedade como um todo.

scholarly journals The use of NRCS synthetic unit hydrograph and Wackermann conceptual model in the simulation of a flood wave in an uncontrolled catchment/ Zastosowanie syntetycznego hydrogramu jednostkowego NRCS oraz konceptualnego modelu Wackermana do symulacji fali wezbraniowej w zlewni niekontrolowanej

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Pietrusiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Cupak ◽  
Andrzej Wałęga ◽  
Bogusław Michalec
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Engineering Calculation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Flood Wave ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Synthetic Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Calculation Point ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The paper presents the results of using two models: a conceptual model of Wackermann and a NRCS-UH synthetic unit hydrograph, for flow calculation in uncontrolled catchment of the Słonka, Poland. These models were chosen because of simplicity of models’ parameters evaluation, what is important from engineering calculation point of view. Flows with the probability of exceed amounting to 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 50% and for different levels of the catchment moisture were evaluated. The flood waves generated in the Wackermann model were characterized by a short duration (over 2 hours), shorter concentration time (about 1 hour), and by about 70% higher peak flow values than those generated using the NRCS-UH method. A common feature of both methods were higher values of peak flows for the third level of the catchment moisture, as compared to the second level. It is also worth noticing that in both methods no flood wave was generated for the probabilities of 10, 20 and 50% and for the second level of the catchment moisture. It was assumed that hydrographs made with use Wackermann model better describe flood wave in mountain river, which Słonka is.

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