The anti-crisis policy in Japan during the COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
D. V. Suslov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Holding Back

The parameters and assessment of the state economic policy measures to eliminate the economic shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan from Jan., 2020 till Jul., 2021 are carried out. It was revealed that the economic policy of responding to the shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic was timely and adequate to the current crisis. It was confirmed that in 2020, compared to other developed countries, it was possible to effectively use its health care system in the fight against COVID-19 and reduce economic losses in the initial stage of the pandemic. This was due to the correct choice of both epidemiological strategies and monetary and structural policies. It is also confirmed that the package of anti-crisis measures turned out to be one of the largest in the world in terms of volume and that in the coming years its implementation will lead to a sharp increase in the budget deficit and public debt. It was found that timely measures of fiscal policy within the framework of additional budgets and monetary policy of the Bank of Japan, in general, led to the return of the Japanese economy by the second quarter of 2021 to a development trajectory with positive growth rates (about 2% a year). However, the Japanese economic recovery remains fragile due to the low rates of vaccination of the population and restrictions on the pandemic, which are holding back the activity of private sector of the economy.

scholarly journals ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ГІДРОДИНАМІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ЗАХИСТУ ХАРЧОВИХ ВИРОБНИЦТВ

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ірина Борисівна Рябова ◽  
Олена Анатоліївна Петухова ◽  
Стелла Анатоліївна Горносталь ◽  
Сергій Миколайович Щербак
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Safe Production ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Production Building ◽  
The Cost

Важливою складовою собівартості продукції харчових виробництв є елементи забезпечення їх безпечного виробництва, одним з яких являється внутрішній протипожежний водопровід, який обов’язковий для встановлення в приміщеннях харчових виробництв з відповідною категорією за вибухопожежною та пожежною небезпекою, ступенем вогнестійкості та об’ємом виробничого корпусу. З введенням в дію ДБН В 2.5-64:2012 «Внутрішній водопровід та каналізація» кожна шафа окрім встановленого в ній пожежного кран-комплекту діаметром 50 або 65 мм, обов’язково комплектується додатковим пожежним кран-комплектом діаметром 25 або 33 мм, який призначений для швидкого введення вогнегасної речовини в початковій стадії розвитку пожежі, а тому забезпечує зниження збитків від неї. Додаткові кран-комплекти комплектуються рукавом (довжина рукава – до 30 м, діаметр рукава – 25 мм або 33 мм, тип рукава – напівжорсткий) та розпорошувачем (діаметр випускного отвору розпорошувача від 4 до 12 мм). До переваг таких пристроїв відносять невеликі габарити, застосування спеціальних насадок розпорошувача дозволяє створювати дрібнодисперсний струмінь води, який не пошкоджує оточуючи речи та обладнання, гнучкий рукав комплекту дозволяє обійти технологічні установки, що зустрічаються на шляху, установка перекривного пристрою дозволяє перервати роботу в будь-який момент і відновити її за необхідності, вартість вогнегасної речовини – води, як і самої установки – невелика. В залежності від умов використання додаткового пожежного кран-комплекту різні характеристики його складових можуть забезпечити підвищення або зниження ефективності його роботи. Тому запропоновано спосіб визначення характеристик складових додаткового пожежного кран-комплекту для конкретних умов його експлуатації. Вірний вибір параметрів складових дозволить з урахуванням гідродинамічних характеристик системи, що забезпечує роботу таких пристроїв, з найменшими економічними втратами забезпечити успішне гасіння пожежі та знизити збитки від неї. An important component of the cost of food products is the elements of ensuring their safe production, one of which is the internal fire water supply, which is obligatory for installation in the premises of food production enterprises with the appropriate category for fire and fire hazard, fire resistance and the volume of the production building. With the introduction of the DBN V 2.5-64:2012 "Internal plumbing and sewage system", each cabinet, except for installed fire faucet with a diameter of 50 or 65 mm, necessarily completes an additional fire faucet with a diameter of 25 or 33 mm, which is designed for the rapid introduction of extinguishing agent in the initial stage of the development of the fire, and therefore provides a reduction of losses from it. Additional fire faucets are completed with a sleeve (length of the sleeve - up to 30 m, diameter of the sleeve - 25 mm or 33 mm, type of sleeve - semi-rigid) and the sprayer (diameter of the outlet of the sprayer from 4 to 12 mm). The advantages of such devices include small dimensions. The use of special spray nozzles allows you to create a fine splash of water that does not damage the surroundings of speech and equipment. The flexible sleeve of the kit allows you to bypass technological installations that are found on the track. The installation of the overlapping device allows you to interrupt the work at any time and restore it as needed. The cost of extinguishing agent and the installation itself is small. Depending on the conditions of the use of an additional fire faucet, the various characteristics of its components can provide an increase or decrease in the efficiency of its operation. Therefore, a method of determining the characteristics of components of an additional fire faucet for the specific conditions of its operation is proposed. The correct choice of parameters of components will allow, taking into account the hydrodynamic characteristics of the system, ensuring the operation of such devices, with the least economic losses, ensure the successful extinguishing of the fire and reduce losses from it.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

New challenges to the economic security of Russia and the world and counteraction methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1246-1263
Author(s):  
S.B. Zainullin ◽  
O.A. Zainullina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Global Threat

Subject. The 2020 economic crisis has become a global threat to the economic security of States, corporations and households. The elimination of this threat to economic security is a key priority of the State. Objectives. The article is dedicated to factors of the current crisis, both individually and in aggregate, as well as forecasts of the economic development during the crisis. Methods. The study is based on the scientific knowledge as dialectic, a combination of historical and logical unity, structural analysis, traditional methods of economic analysis and synthesis. Results. We carried out the comparative analysis of crisis theories, forecasted the economic development of the IMF, the World Bank, the Audit Chamber, and considered analytical agencies in dynamics, taking into account adjustments when the crisis manifests itself. Counteraction methods are reviewed from theoretical and practical perspectives. The article also analyzed the international expertise in crisis management. Conclusions and Relevance. The economic crisis was found to be at its initial stage, with negative scenarios being more probable. Proposed and implemented, local measures can mitigate the economic decline, prevent massive bankruptcies and a social explosion. Meanwhile, measures to restructure the economic policy may contribute to overcoming the crisis. The findings can be used by federal government bodies to adjust economic policies, develop programs and strategies for the socio-economic development of regions, and economic security strategies for corporations.

THE CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTIC OF THEFT IN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Владимир Дмитриевич Зеленский ◽  
Александр Константинович Безбогин
Keyword(s):  
Correct Choice ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Systematic Description ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Construction Knowledge

Криминалистическая характеристика хищений в сфере строительства представляет собой систематизированное описание криминалистически значимых признаков данной группы преступлений (хищения, совершенного путем мошенничества, а также хищения, совершенного путем присвоения или растраты). Криминалистическая характеристика хищения в строительстве должна состоять из криминалистически значимых элементов, описывающих данную группу преступлений и позволяющих следователю, опираясь на нее, осуществить качественное расследование. Знание следователем содержания криминалистической характеристики конкретного вида или группы преступлений и ее практическое использование позволяют ему в условиях дефицита информации на первоначальном этапе расследования минимизировать риск принятия неверных решений и совершения ошибочных действий. Элементами криминалистической характеристики хищений в строительной сфере являются: 1) сведения о способе хищения в строительстве (включающие в себя сведения о способах подготовки, совершения и сокрытия преступления); 2) сведения о характерных типичных следах (материальных и идеальных) совершенного или совершаемого хищения в строительстве. Знание содержания именно этих элементов следователем на первоначальном этапе расследования хищений в строительной сфере обеспечат верный выбор направления расследования и оперативное проведение следственных действий по обнаружению и изъятию доказательств, сведя к минимуму их возможную утрату. Criminalistic characteristics of theft in the construction sector is a systematic description of criminally significant features of this group of crimes (theft committed by fraud, as well as theft committed by appropriation or embezzlement). Criminalistic characteristics of theft in construction sector should consist of criminally significant elements that describe this group of crimes and allow the investigator, based on it, to carry out a qualitative investigation. The investigator's knowledge of the content of the forensic characteristics of a particular type or group of crimes and its practical use allow him to minimize the risk of making incorrect decisions and committing erroneous actions in the context of a lack of information at the initial stage of the investigation. The elements of criminalistic characteristics of theft in the construction sector are: 1) information about the method of theft in construction (including information about the methods of preparation, Commission and concealment of the crime); 2) information about the characteristic typical traces (material and ideal) of theft committed or committed in construction. Knowledge of the content of these elements by the investigator at the initial stage of the investigation of theft in the construction sector will ensure the correct choice of the direction of investigation and prompt conduct of investigative actions to detect and remove evidence, minimizing their possible loss.

scholarly journals Study on the development of nanotechnology in advanced countries and in Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Fracalossi Rediguieri
Keyword(s):  
Reference Lists ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries

The study shows how nanotechnology evolves in developed countries and Brazil, raising aspects of private and governmental initiatives. The investigation was based in scientific literature, electronic articles and conference reports. Several sources of literature were used, including electronic databases and reference lists. By this study, it was observed that, although nanotechnology is in initial stage of development all over the world, the developed countries have had growing public and private investments in the area each year. In those countries, there is a concern toward both, the formation of specialists in nanotechnology and the transference of technology developed in universities and research institutes to industry. In Brazil, the study showed that despite the growing concern of investigators, national research centers and financial centers toward the development of the nanotechnology, there is still a need for more investment and formation of area specialists.

scholarly journals Mycobacterial infection of precision cut lung slices reveals that the type 1 interferon pathway is locally induced by Mycobacterium bovis but not M. tuberculosis in different cattle breeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Remot ◽  
Florence Carreras ◽  
Anthony Coupe ◽  
Emilie Doz-Deblauwe ◽  
Maria-Laura Boschiroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Interferon Pathway

Tuberculosis exacts a terrible toll on human and animal health. While Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is restricted to humans, Mycobacterium bovis (Mb) is present in a large range of mammalian hosts. In cattle, bovine TB (bTB) is a notifiable disease responsible for important economic losses in developed countries and underestimated zoonosis in the developing world. Early interactions that take place between mycobacteria and the lung tissue early after aerosol infection govern the outcome of the disease. In cattle, these early steps remain poorly characterized. The precision-cut lung slice (PCLS) model preserves the structure and cell diversity of the lung. We developed this model in cattle in order to study the early lung response to mycobacterial infection. In situ imaging of PCLS infected with fluorescent Mb revealed bacilli in the alveolar compartment, adjacent or inside alveolar macrophages (AMPs) and in close contact with pneumocytes. We analyzed the global transcriptional lung inflammation signature following infection of PCLS with Mb and Mtb in two French beef breeds: Blonde d'Aquitaine and Charolaise. Whereas lungs from the Blonde d'Aquitaine produced high levels of mediators of neutrophil and monocyte recruitment in response to infection, such signatures were not observed in the Charolaise in our study. In the Blonde d'Aquitaine lung, whereas the inflammatory response was highly induced by two Mb strains, AF2122 isolated from cattle in the UK and Mb3601 circulating in France, the response against two Mtb strains, H37Rv the reference laboratory strain and BTB1558 isolated from zebu in Ethiopia, was very low. Strikingly, the type I interferon pathway was only induced by Mb but not Mtb strains indicating that this pathway may be involved in mycobacterial virulence and host tropism. Hence, the PCLS model in cattle is a valuable tool to deepen our understanding of early interactions between lung host cells and mycobacteria. It revealed striking differences between cattle breeds and mycobacterial strains. This model could help deciphering biomarkers of resistance versus susceptibility to bTB in cattle as such information is still critically needed for bovine genetic selection programs and would greatly help the global effort to eradicate bTB.

scholarly journals Nem-szokványos gazdaságpolitikai intézkedések figyelembevétele a nemzetgazdasági modellezésben = Incorporating Non-Conventional Economic Policy Measures into Macroeconomic Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-81
Author(s):  
Tamás Révész
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Macroeconomic Modeling ◽  
Policy Measures

A nagy pénzügyi válság és a koronavírus-válság kezdete óta sok kormány és az EU maga is számos nem szokványos gazdaságpolitikai intézkedés alkalmazására kényszerült. A cikk először megkísérli tisztázni ezen „nem-szokványos” illetve „unortodox” gazdaságpolitikák mibenlétét, majd azt vizsgálja, hogy az ilyen gazdaságpolitikák hogyan tükröződnek az állami kiadások és bevételek sajátos szerkezetében. Az adónemek nagy száma, valamint a sok ágazatspecifikus adó, adókedvezmény, támogatás már önmagában is utalhat a gazdaságpolitika nem-szokványos jellegére. Az ilyen politikák modellezése kihívást jelentő feladat, részben azért, mert ezek a politikák sok rejtett adót és támogatást alkalmaznak a kereszttámogatásoktól és más, az árakat torzító intézkedésektől - például monopóliumok létrehozásától – kezdve egészen a szabályozókedvezményekig és adósságleírásokig. A magyar esetben az élsportra, az egyházakra, a kormány üzeneteit közvetítő médiára, a határon túli magyarokra, valamint a kormányhoz közeli vállalkozók és külföldi befektetők tulajdonában lévő nagyvállalatok beruházásainak támogatására fordított kiadások magas aránya is tanúskodik az unortodox gazdaságpolitika erős újraelosztó és társadalomátalakító szándékáról. A magyar gazdaságpolitika számos intézkedésének felsorolása és csoportosítása, valamint azok speciális, néha egyedi mechanizmusainak megvilágítása után a cikk felvázolja, hogyan lehet ezeket a mechanizmusokat ábrázolni egy számszerűsíthető általános egyensúlyi modellben

ECONOMIC SECURITY STRATEGY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-27
Author(s):  
MAZARAKI Anatolii ◽  
MELNYK Tetiana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Economic Security

The article analyses theoretical and conceptual approaches to define the essence of economic security.The global economic transformations are characterized in the context of the impact on the national economic security. Indicators of all economic security com­ponents are analyzed by comparing them in dynamics with the critical level and proposals for the implementation of economic policy measures which are provided to secure Ukrai­nian economic policy.

The Greek “Society for the Freedoms of Trade” (1865–67): Rise, Activities, Decline

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-398
Author(s):  
Michalis Psalidopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Commercial Policy ◽  
Greek Society ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
National Economic Policy

The 150th celebration of the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 was a major stimulus for new publications on the issue of free trade versus protection, a question that dominated economic policy agendas all over Europe in the nineteenth century. Original texts dating from that period were again made public (Kadish 1996, Schonhardt-Bailey 1997), the works of Richard Cobden became available (Cain 1995), and Douglas A. Irwin's book (1996) and Anthony Howe's treatise (1997) can be seen as the “cosmopolitan” answers to older (Semmel 1970) and contemporary (Magnusson 1994 and Wendler 1996) defenses of a “national” economic policy. This literature, however, as well as conferences on the reception of free trade (Marrison 1998), concentrated on the commercial policy of the most economically advanced nations, leaving completely out of scope discussions, debates and economic policy dilemmas related to international trade in other, less-developed countries.

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