scholarly journals Implementasi Program Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kabupaten Donggala Sulawesi Tengah Tahun 2014 (Studi Kasus di Puskesmas Wani dan Puskesmas Labuan)

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Aryani Pujiyanti ◽  
Anggi Septia Irawan ◽  
Wiwik Trapsilowati ◽  
Diana Andriyani Pratamawati ◽  
Ayun Sriatmi
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
District Health ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
Central Sulawesi

The Donggala District Government has made efforts to control Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), however based on the number of cases, and free larvae rates, DHF is still a public health threat in this area. The study aimed to evaluate the implementation of DHF control program in Donggala Regency. This was an evaluative descriptive qualitative research with a case study design. Research location in Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. Data was collected from September to October 2014 using a purposive sampling technique. Data validity carried out by source triangulation while data analysis was conducted by manually using content analysis. The informants were 10 persons from DHF control program staffs. Data was collected using in-depth interviews and document studies. The results showed that the budjet allocation on implementation of the DHF control program was lower than other infectious diseases. Cross-program collaboration has been carried out properly, however It is required more cross-sector collaboration for mosquito control program activities. From the output of program, the incidence rate (IR) of Donggala Regency was lower than IR of Central Sulawesi Province. Both Primary Health Care with low and high cases turn to have free larva index below 95% and those values tend to decrease in 2011-2012. Donggala District Health Office should increase the health promotion of DHF control through cross-sector collaboration and community to seek more awareness to the risks of transmission and improve dengue prevention.

scholarly journals Theoretical Model of the Fendona® 30 EC Curtain Based on Intervention: Antacedents, Prospects and Recommendations as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Meihindra Cahyo Suci Wardoyo ◽  
Indasah Indasah
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Expected Benefits

AIM Research developed a theoretical model of the Fendona® 30 EC Curtain based on intervention. The model was developed to enhance understanding of the community's abundance control program. The model analyzes of the variables historical and knowledge of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), the perception of mosquito disorders, the use of mosquito control and medication, the perception of abundance of mosquitoes, the motivation to use curtains, the expected benefits of curtains, the prospects and recommendations of curtains as a mosquito control device. Method Materials: White curtain fabric for window curtain and inter-room bulkhead, black curtain fabric for jar cover, jar filled with plain water, 20cm high, 20cm in diameter, Fendona® 30 EC and clean water Procedures: The curtain is soaked for 24 hours in a liquid of Fendona® 30 EC + water in a ratio of 1: 1; The curtains are dried in a shaded environment for 24 hours, or until the curtains are completely dry. Trials: In-room experimental results show Fendona® 30 EC Curtain effectively prevents mosquitoes from entering the room and kills mosquitoes in the room. Interventions: Curtains installed in the window and as an inter-room divider; The curtain of the jar cover is placed in various corners of the room and under the bed; Each house receives 5 window curtains, 2 curtains screens between rooms and 5 jar cover curtain. Research design: Research uses quasi-experimental design and correlational research surveys. Research data obtained through questionnaires, tests, and check-lists. Research data were analyzed using Regression Path Analysis. Research results Mosquito control programs in the community are difficult to understand. The Fendona® 30 EC curtain, although effective, does not shift the popularity of the mosquito repellent lotion, mosquito spray and mosquito coil. The history of DHF only predicts the perception of mosquito disorders. The perception of a decrease in mosquito abundance can only be predicted from the use of mosquito controls and medicines. Motivation of the use of curtains only predicts the expected benefits of curtains. Recommendations can only be predicted through prospects. Regression paths between variables are separate. Apart from these variables, there is no relationship in the rest of the regression path.

scholarly journals Gender Inequality Against Female Online Ojek Driver (Case Study on Grab Queen Community in Malang City)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-103
Author(s):  
Puteri Nur Anisa Larasati ◽  
Tutik Sulistyowati ◽  
Sulismadi Sulismadi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Motorcycle Taxi

This study examines the gender inequality of female online motorcycle taxi drivers in the Grab Queen community in Malang City. Female online motorcycle taxi drivers in Malang City have problems from each individual who gets a case of gender inequality. The purpose of this study is to describe how the form of gender inequality that occurs in female online motorcycle taxi drivers in Malang City, especially in the Grab Queen Malang community. The research method used in writing this thesis is to use a qualitative method with a case study approach. The technique of determining the subject used snowball sampling technique. The location of this research is in the Grab Queen community, Malang City. The data collection used are interviews and documentation studies, data analysis techniques used by researchers are data reduction, data presentation, conclusing drawings or conclusions, and data validity. This study uses the concept of gender inequality, namely subordination, stereotypes, violence and double burden to classify the types of gender inequality cases and the theory used by researchers is gender functionalism from Miriam M. Johnson which consists of functions, roles, social structures, so as to achieve a balance to realize social order. From the results of theoretical analysis, there is an imbalance of roles between female and male drivers in the regulations made by partners and also the mindset of the community so that cases of inequality will easily occur among female online motorcycle taxi drivers. In this study, researchers want to examine the balance of roles to establish social order so that there is no opportunity for gender inequality.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PENILAIAN AUTENTIK DALAM KURIKULUM 2013 PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS DI SMA NEGERI 1 GEMOLONG)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Agita Dio Divanda ◽  
Sarwiji Suwandi ◽  
Sri Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Case Study Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Authentic Assessment ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Vice Principals ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Data Validity

<em>This research is a case study research aims. Data sources include events, informants, and documents. Research subjects are Indonesian language teachers, Vice Principals of Curriculum, andstudents of SMA N 1 Gemolong. Technique of research subject taken by purposive sampling technique. Technique of data collecting done by observation, interview, and document analysis. The technique of data validity test is done by triangulation of source and triangulation method. Data analysis techniques use interactive analysis techniques.The results of this study are descriptions of: (1) the planning of authentic assessment in the Curriculum 2013 in Indonesian learning includes the preparation of assessment indicators, assessment criteria, and rubrics on RPP; (2) the implementation of authentic assessment in the Curriculum 2013 on learning Indonesian, teachers carry out authentic assessment in learning; (3) obstacles that teachers encounter in the conduct of authentic assessment and efforts to overcome them. Obstacles encountered by teachers include: (1) time constraints; (2) the difficulty of applying authentic assessment of certain competencies (3) the complexity of authentic assessment of (4) age. Efforts to overcome authentic assessment constraints include: (1) teachers make arrangements that include agreement between teachers and learners to perform assessments at specific times and places; (2) the teacher considers the assessments obtained from various sources; (3) teachers attend various trainings that are authentic assessment concepts; (4) the school provides an application to determine the value of the learner.</em>

scholarly journals DENGUE PREVENTION PRACTICES AND ITS DETERMINANTS FACTORS IN PURWOKERTO, CENTRAL JAVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Sahida Woro Palupi ◽  
Devi Octaviana ◽  
Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dengue Prevention

Background Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus that have been infected with the dengue virus. PSN DBD (DHF mosquito breeding areas elimination) is one of the most effective ways to prevent DHF. DHF is an endemic disease in Banyumas regency. This research aimed to analyze the factors that influence the behavior of PSN DHF in the East Purwokerto District, Banyumas Regency. Methods This research was quantitative research using a cross-sectional approach. The populations in this research were 17.289 households and the sample was housewives in East Purwokerto district taken by simple random sampling technique with 96 respondents. The data collection technique was carried out by using questionnaires and observation. Data analysis was conducted by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate.Results Education (p=0,129), income (p=0,170), knowledge (p=0,254), attitude (p=0,942), facilities availability (p=0,130), role of community figures (p=0,712) and role of health workers (p=0,635) showed has no significant correlation with behaviour of PSN DHF. Information media exposure (p=0,004) showed has significant correlation and the main factor of PSN DHF. Conclusions: Media exposure is the most influential variable in the behavior of PSN DHF. One of the advice given was to the health institution to should give more various ways of information related to dengue prevention in the community.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI KOTA BENGKULU

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Hermansyah Hermansyah
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
The City

Data of Bengkulu City Health Department show that in the last 5 years the number of dengue cases in the city of Bengkulu continues to increase. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the city of Bengkulu in 2012. The type of research used was the analytic case-control design. The populations in this study were all citizens of Bengkulu town. The total number of sample was 37 people for groups of cases and 37 people for the control group. The samples were taken by consecutive sampling technique. The data were collected with interview techniques and direct observation by using questionnaires. The data analysis was performed with univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test at α 5%. The results showed that more than half of respondents (54.1%) in the case and a minority of respondents (27%) in the control group had lack knowledge level about the prevention of dengue disease, the majority of respondents (80.1%) in the case and more than half of respondents (56.8%) in the control group had a lack habit of implementing 3M's, more than half of respondents (67.6%) and a minority of respondents (37.8%) in the control group, it was found that they did not have quite fine environment. There was a significant association between knowledge about dengue prevention (p = 0.033), the habit of carrying out the movement of 3M (p = 0.044,) and the condition of the home environment (p = 0.02) with the incidence of dengue in the city of Bengkulu in 2012. It is recommended to the Bengkulu City Health Department and health centers to further intensify do health promotion activities on dengue prevention in order to increase knowledge and awareness to maintain a healthy home environment, especially with the motion mosquito eradication nest (PSN).

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pelaksaanaan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk: Menguras, Menutup, Mengubur Atau Mendaur Ulang (3M) Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Penyakit Demam Berdarah Di RW 02 Kelurahan Cakung Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-332
Author(s):  
Nabilla Azizah ◽  
Naryati Naryati
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
District Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites

ABSTRACT: FACTORS RELATED TO IMPLEMENTATION OF ERADICATION OF MOSQUITO NESTS (3M) IN ERADICATION EFFORTS PREVENTION OF DENTAL FEVER DISEASE IN RW 02 KELURAHAN CAKUNG BARAT Introduction: Mosquito Nest Eradication or PSN is an activity to eradicate the eggs, larvae, and cocoons of mosquitoes that transmit dengue hemorrhagic fever in their breeding sites. PSN is influenced by several factors, such as knowledge, education, attitudes, and the role of jumantik.Objective: To analyze the factors related to the implementation of 3M PSN in the community in RW 02, West Cakung Village.Methods: The research design used was quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The number of samples involved was 94 respondents using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. The results of the study used Chi-Square statistical test analysis. Results: This study found that there was a relationship between knowledge (Pv=0.022), education (Pv=0.016), attitude (Pv=0.004), jumantic role (Pv=0.014), and the implementation of PSN 3M.Conclusion: Health services, especially at the Cakung District Health Center, are expected to improve programs that aim to encourage people to want to carry out PSN 3M activities in preventing DHF by further increasing education in the form of counseling about DHF and its prevention. , both held at the puskesmas and in the community. Keywords: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, 3M Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN), Knowledge, Education, Attitude, The Role of Jumantik.  INTISARI: FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PELAKSAANAAN PEMBERANTASAN SARANG NYAMUK (3M) DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DI RW 02 KELURAHAN CAKUNG BARAT  Pendahuluan: Pemberantasan sarang nyamuk atau PSN merupakan kegiatan memberantas telur, jentik dan kepompong nyamuk penular demam berdarah dengue di tempat-tempat perkembangbiakannya. PSN dipengaruhu oleh beberapa faktor, seperti pengetahuan, pendidikan, sikap,dan peran juru pemantau jentik (jumantik).Tujuan: untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan PSN 3M pada masyarakat di RW 02 Kelurahan Cakung Barat.Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel yang dilibatkan sebanyak 94 responden dengan menggunakan teknik proportional stratified random sampling. Hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis uji statistic Chi Square. Hasil: penelitian ini memperoleh ada hubungan antara pengetahuan (Pv=0,022), pendidikan (Pv=0,016), sikap (Pv=0,004), peran jumantik (Pv=0,014) dengan pelaksanaan PSN 3M.Kesimpulan: pelayanan kesehatan khususnya di puskesmas kelurahan cakung diharapkan untuk meningkatkan program yang bertujuan untuk mendorong masyarakat agar mau melakukan kegiatan PSN 3M dalam pencegah DBD dengan cara lebih meningkatkan edukasi berupa penyuluhan tentang DBD dan pencegahannya, baik yang diadakan di puskesmas maupun di masyarakat. Kata kunci: Demam Berdarah Dengue, Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN) 3M, Pengetahuan, Pendidikan, Sikap, Peran Jumantik.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN FAKTOR PENGETAHUAN DAN PERILAKU TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN DALAM RANGKA PENCEGAHAN DBD PADA KELUARGA SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 1 BERASTAGI KECAMATAN BERASTAGI KABUPATEN KARO TAHUN 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
Susanti Br Perangin-Angin
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Variable ◽  
Dengue Prevention

Infectious diseases caused by viruses from the group of Arbovirosis group A and B problematic in Indonesia are Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The disease is transmitted by mosquito vector bites. This disease not only often cause outbreaks but also cause adverse social and economic impact. Social losses that occur, among others, caused panic in the family, the death of family members, and diminished life expectancy of the population. In 2015, there were recorded 126,675 DHF patients in 34 provinces in Indonesia, and 1,229 of them died. The number is higher than the previous year of 100,347 people with DHF and as many as 907 patients died in 2014. This can be caused by climate change and low awareness to maintain environmental cleanliness. This research is analytic observational with cross sectional approach that aims to know the Factor of Knowledge and Environment to the action of Dengue Prevention on Family Students in SMA Negeri 1 Berastagi Sub District Berastagi Regency of Karo Year 2017, with method used in sampling is non prababiliy sampling that is sampling quota (Quota sampling) is a sampling technique based on the fulfillment of the specified samples. To determine the representativeness of the sample to the population determined sample of 300 students taken in class 11 as many as 130 students, grade 12 as many as 170 students. The results of this study indicate that the level of knowledge of respondents is generally good that is equal to 72%, while the actions of respondents in the category of less that is equal to 64.3% and the environment included in the category of less that is equal to 51,7%. Result of analysis of knowledge and environment relationship with student action about DHF in order to prevent DBD in family of student in SMA Negeri 1 Berastagi Sub District Berastagi Regency of Karo. Based on hypothesis test using chi square test known that knowledge variable do not have significant relation to environment at p.value 0,992. And analysis result of relation between student action variable about DHF has no significant relation to student environment at p.value 0,046. This research can be concluded that knowledge about DHF is good but action and environment in order to prevent DHF less. In this research, it is advisable to keep the environment cleaner in order not to become Aedes aegypti mosquito breeding media that is in the form of mosquito nest eradication (PSN), fogging, abatization, 3M implementation (drain, cover and bury). In every health problem including in effort of DHF, Behavioral factors always play an important role. Attention to behavioral factors is just as important as attention to environmental factors, especially in terms of disease prevention efforts.

scholarly journals CREATIVITY IN SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1722
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzaini ◽  
Sri Rahayuningsih ◽  
Nasrun Nasrun ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Asynchronous Learning ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Cognitive Fluency ◽  
Synchronous Learning ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThe corona virus outbreak has forced all universities to conduct learning online using the internet. We have considered to develop students’ creativity through online learning. We therefore applied synchronous learning and asynchronous learning methods in the classroom and observed how these methods influenced students’ creativity. Purposive sampling technique was used to select one out of 40 students from the Department of Mathematics Education at STKIP YPUP to participate in this study. The subject was chosen because he had fulfilled the criteria of creativity. Data analysis was performed in several stages as follows: 1) analyzing the interview data and the learning videos; 2) performing data reduction by making abstractions; 3) organizing the data in units that were then categorized by coding; 4) checking the data validity by doing time triangulation; 5) analyzing interesting phenomena that are associated with the participant’s creativity. The results of the analysis showed that the subject’s creativity was demonstrated through cognitive flexibility and cognitive fluency, indicated by repeated or cyclic cognitive processes before the participant discovered the solution to the problem. It can be concluded that both synchronous and asynchronous learning methods can support the development of college students’ creativity during the covid-19 pandemic. Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic; creativity; synchronous and asynchronous learning. AbstrakWabah virus corona memaksa semua perguruan tinggi untuk melakukan pembelajaran secara online menggunakan internet. Kami telah mempertimbangkan untuk mengembangkan kreativitas siswa melalui pembelajaran online. Oleh karena itu, kami menerapkan pembelajaran synchronous dan metode pembelajaran asynchronous di kelas dan mengamati bagaimana metode ini mempengaruhi kreativitas siswa. Teknik purposive sampling digunakan untuk memilih satu dari 40 mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Matematika STKIP YPUP untuk berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Subjek dipilih karena telah memenuhi kriteria kreativitas. Analisis data dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan sebagai berikut: 1) menganalisis data wawancara dan video pembelajaran; 2) melakukan reduksi data dengan membuat abstraksi; 3) mengorganisasikan data dalam satuan-satuan yang kemudian dikategorikan dengan pengkodean; 4) pengecekan keabsahan data dengan melakukan triangulasi waktu; 5) menganalisis fenomena menarik yang terkait dengan kreativitas peserta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kreativitas subjek ditunjukkan melalui keluwesan kognitif dan kelancaran kognitif, yang ditunjukkan dengan proses kognitif berulang atau siklik sebelum partisipan menemukan solusi dari masalah. Disimpulkan bahwa metode pembelajaran synchronous dan asynchronous dapat mendukung pengembangan kreativitas mahasiswa selama masa pandemi covid-19. Kata Kunci: Pandemi Covid-19, Kreativitas, Pembelajaran Synchronous dan Asynchronous

scholarly journals Multiculturalism And Value Education In History Learning (Case Study At Sman 1 Kartasura)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Teodorikus Hanpalam
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Data Validity

<p><em>This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Kartasura. This study aims to: (1). To find out the role of multiculturalism in value education. (2). To find out historical learning based on multiculturalism values. The research method used in this research is descriptive analysis with a single case study research strategy. Sources of data in this study are informants, places/locations, and events, as well as documents and archives. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling and time sampling. The technique of data validity is done by triangulation of data/sources and triangulation of methods. The data analysis technique used in this research is an interactive analysis. Benefits of Research: (1). As an illustration regarding the role of multiculturalism in value education. (2). To understand more deeply about historical learning based on multiculturalism values.</em></p>

scholarly journals NILAI-NILAI EDUKATIF SYAIR GULUNG SEBAGAI UPAYA PENDIDIKAN KEBENCANAAN BERBASIS KOMUNITAS PADA MASYARAKAT MELAYU DI KABUPATEN KETAPANG KALIMANTAN BARAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syaifulloh ◽  
Basuki Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Values ◽  
Community Based ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Risk Education ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Disaster Education ◽  
Depth Interviews

This research aims to know and describe about 1) background of Syair Gulung in Ketapang Malay society of West Kalimantan, 2) Educative values contained in Syair Gulung, 3) Potential of Syair Gulung as a community-based disaster education efforts in Ketapang Malay society. This research uses qualitative research method with form of stuck case study strategy. Sources of data used are informants, places and events, and documents. Data collection techniques used direct observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and document studies. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data validity uses triangulation and data analysis techniques using interactive analysis techniques.Syair Gulung is a typical Malay cultural art. The educational values that exist in the Syair Gulung can be developed as a tool of dissemination of disaster education which recently happened such as forest fire and flood. Natural disasters that occur in the Ketapang community can not be separated from the fading and shifting values of local wisdom that developed in the community. As a preventive form for the preservation of the natural environment, it reinvents the educational values implicit in Syair Gulung contributing greatly in the effort to preserve the nature of the disaster. Educational theories of local wisdom and disaster risk education are important in helping the realization of a disaster-conscious society. Community communities are highly effective targets for awareness of the importance of disaster education.

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