Factors Affecting the Utilization of Hospital Management Information System in PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul General Hospital

Hospitals are important institution in organizing health system in Indonesia. Because of its important role, it is crucial to ensure the data credibility. Therefore, protected by law, hospitals obliged to maintain their system information. This study conducted adopting Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) variable. This study was held in Bantul Regional General Hospital using cross sectional approach. Population of this study is all staff who are identified to be involved in the use of hospital management information system in PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul General Hospital as much as 325 staff. Sample were taken using proportionate stratified random sampling as much as 85 staff. Research data obtained by distributing questionnaires and analyzed using chi square and Mann Whitney test. Univariate analysis showed not good perceived benefit (58,8%), good perceived ease of use (52,9%) and not good attitude of using (69,4%). Bivariate analysis showed variables affecting utilization of hospitals management information system are perceived benefit (p=0,001), perceived ease of use (p=0,018) and attitude of using (p=0,021). Multivariate analysis showed the most affecting variables towards utilization of hospitals management information system are perceived benefit (p=0,008) and perceived of ease use (p=0,049).

Scabies in Indonesia: Epidemiology and Prevention

Scabies is still a health problem in the world, including Indonesia. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 stated that scabies is included in the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) which requires large-scale control. In Indonesia, according to data from the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia the prevalence of scabies in 2017 is 6% of the total population in Indonesia. Discussion on the incidence and prevention of scabies from various regions in Indonesia so far is still not comprehensive. This review will provide an overview related to epidemiology and preventive measures against scabies so that scabies cases in Indonesia can be controlled properly

Ethnographic Study of Tuberculosis Treatment Seeker Behavior on the Island of Buru, Maluku, Indonesia

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is reported as a world health problem, especially in developing countries. It is estimated that one third of the world's population has been infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. WHO has stated that tuberculosis has now become a global threat. Indonesia is one of the 27 countries in the world with MDR-TB cases. Methods: A qualitative study with an ethnography design was conducted to determine and reveal the meaning of treatment-seeking behavior in “Batu Balender” or TB patients in Buru Island, Maluku, Indonesia. The research data was collected through interviews with 15 informants from all risk groups that are directly related to TB. Observations were made to ensure the validity of the data. Results: This study revealed that from generation to generation, the Alifuru tribe believes that diseases are grouped into three categories: natural diseases, sick submissions, and ancestral curse. Indigenous people have believed that TB is an incurable ancestral curse disease. They know the "Kaygosa" who is believed to be the holder of natural medicinal plants to treat TB, such as leaves and bark. Conclusions: Alifuru tribal people who access health services to obtain Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) have experienced failure in treatment due to local customary rules that prohibit taking medicine if a tribal community has died and believes that a community health center or hospital is "house died". This study suggest that education and counseling for TB treatment should be optimized in efforts to improve the health of local tribal communities.

Public Health Awareness and Preparedness of Covid-19: Where are we?

In this pandemic, we learned that prevention efforts are an important pillar of health problems, that the front line is the public health sector to prevent disease. Individual awareness to comply with health protocols is very important, to avoid increasing cases and causing the collapse of health services.

The Antifungal Effect of WHO Hand Sanitizer to Candida Albicans in Improving Personal Hygiene

Hand hygiene is one of the important factors that determine a person's health status. Hands are easily contaminated by microbes from the environment such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi through direct contact. Hand sanitizer is a type of media that can be used to clean hands from disease-causing microbes other than soap. Hand sanitizers are widely used by the community because they are considered more practical to use. This study aims to determine the anti-fungal activity of the hand sanitizer recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) against Candida albicans. Anti-fungal activity was tested using the well diffusion method. The results showed that the higher the concentration of the hand sanitizer, the bigger the inhibition zone formed. The statistical test results obtained a significance value of p <0.05 at the variation of the concentration of hand sanitizer 50%, 75%, 100%, and treatment control. These results indicate that there is a significant difference between the hand sanitizer treatment and control of the inhibition zone formation in C. albicans. The WHO recommended hand sanitizer has medium inhibitory power against C. albicans bacteria.

Acute Respiratory Infection Among Brick Kiln Worker in Banjarnegara, Indonesia and Its Related Factors

Background Occupational risk factors are one of the primary causes of acute respiratory infection (ARI). The high incidence of ARI in Banjarnegara Regency due to the process of bricks manufacturing is needed for further investigation. Objectives: This study aims to analyze risk factors such as air quality, tenure, smoking habits, the use of masks, knowledge of ARI incidence. Methods: This is an analytic study with a cross-sectional design. 342 of brick workers in three villages in Banjarnegara Regency were involved in this study. Air quality examination on dust particles, temperature, humidity, smoke, and air germ numbers was carried out in 15 of the brick kiln. Data about the duration of work, smoking habits, knowledge of ARI, and the use of masks were obtained by a structured questionnaire. Results: This study highlighted that the duration of work was the most influential variable in ARI incidence. Smoking habits and the use of personal protective equipment (mask) while working also correlated with ARI. Conclusion: This study suggested the regular use of a face mask while working to prevent the workers from dangerous pollutants. Periodic medical check-ups for workers and health education are also important prevention to be carried out to reduce ARI incidence.

Informal caregiving in Singapore: macroeconomic realities and measures

The very rapid ageing of Singapore’s population is placing a huge burden on informal caregivers. I discuss two macroeconomic strategies – strengthening redistributive measures and professionalizing informal caregiving - that may alleviate this burden. A national study on informal caregiving is urgently required to identify specific areas and caregiver segments that will benefit from these strategies.

Measuring the dengue risk area using Geographic Information System: a review

Background: Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes that continue to be a significant health challenge in many tropical and subtropical countries. So far, Geographic Information System (GIS) in the health sector contributed to disease prevention, especially for visualization of the disease case. GIS is one of the important tools in spatial epidemiology to assist identification and spatial analysis of the target disease intervention. This article summarizes the use of GIS to assess risk factors for DHF, and how efficient the use of GIS in facilitating the improvement of disease surveillance systems for the prevention and control of diseases. Methods: This paper was developed using a descriptive approach, conducted in September and December 2019. The primary data used in this research were from ScienceDirect databased by collecting some studies that assess the risk of dengue using GIS applications. Results: The results of reviews of research in several countries which use GIS applications in assessing the risk of dengue incidence, ie, in Swat, Pakistan evaluated the impact of the slope, population density, and the distance to the river through GIS applications. Then in Seremban and Putrajaya, Malaysia implemented a participatory approach to identify the spatial risk of dengue in the community. Research in Lahore, Pakistan, analyzed the risk of dengue. Study in Colombia conducted GWR to evaluate the association between socioeconomic factors and the environment with dengue fever incidence. Recently, research in Taiwan integrated GIS to detect the correlation between population density and the possibility of human contact with mosquitoes. Conclusions: Based on the results of the review, it can be drawn that asses the dengue risk with GIS applications is highly relevant because it can determine the factors which affect the incidence of dengue. Besides, it can determine the spatial correlation between risk factors and the incidence of dengue, as well as to evaluate the impact of the dengue occurrence.

The Effect of Temephos to Mortality and Life Level of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Temephos is an insecticide active ingredient often used by a community as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) vector control in imago. The development of Ae aegypti is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. This study aimed at determining the effects of temephos concentration on mortality and a life level of Ae aegypti at some concentration tests.The experimental design used in this study was Complete Random Design (CRD). This study involved temephos as the active ingredient and third instar Ae. Aegypti larvae originating from Pangandaran Regency. Data analysis used an ANOVA test with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that there was any influence of concentration towards a number of mortality, a life level, morphology of larvae, pupae and imago, a number of males and females, and a number of eggs hatchability. Temephos concentration affected the mortality of third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti with temephos concentration of 0.019 ppm, 0.069 ppm, 0.105 ppm, and 0.140 ppm and affected a life level of Ae. aegypti with biological parameters.

DENGUE PREVENTION PRACTICES AND ITS DETERMINANTS FACTORS IN PURWOKERTO, CENTRAL JAVA

Background Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus that have been infected with the dengue virus. PSN DBD (DHF mosquito breeding areas elimination) is one of the most effective ways to prevent DHF. DHF is an endemic disease in Banyumas regency. This research aimed to analyze the factors that influence the behavior of PSN DHF in the East Purwokerto District, Banyumas Regency. Methods This research was quantitative research using a cross-sectional approach. The populations in this research were 17.289 households and the sample was housewives in East Purwokerto district taken by simple random sampling technique with 96 respondents. The data collection technique was carried out by using questionnaires and observation. Data analysis was conducted by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate.Results Education (p=0,129), income (p=0,170), knowledge (p=0,254), attitude (p=0,942), facilities availability (p=0,130), role of community figures (p=0,712) and role of health workers (p=0,635) showed has no significant correlation with behaviour of PSN DHF. Information media exposure (p=0,004) showed has significant correlation and the main factor of PSN DHF. Conclusions: Media exposure is the most influential variable in the behavior of PSN DHF. One of the advice given was to the health institution to should give more various ways of information related to dengue prevention in the community.