A study of decompression sickness using recorded depth-time profiles

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Richard G. Dunford ◽  
◽  
Petar D. Denoble ◽  
Robert Forbes ◽  
Carl F. Pieper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Rank Tests ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Independent Confirmation ◽  
Dive Profile

Introduction: 122,129 dives by 10,358 recreational divers were recorded by dive computers from 11 manufacturers in an exploratory study of how dive profile, breathing gas (air or nitrox [N2/O2] mixes), repetitive diving, gender, age, and dive site conditions influenced observed decompression sickness (DCSobs). Thirty-eight reports were judged as DCS. Overall DCSobs was 3.1 cases/104 dives. Methods: Three dive groups were studied: Basic (live-aboard and shore/dayboat), Cozumel Dive Guides, and Scapa Flow wreck divers. A probabilistic decompression model, BVM(3), controlled dive profile variability. Chi-squared test, t-test, logistic regression, and log-rank tests evaluated statistical associations. Results: (a) DCSobs was 0.7/104 (Basic), 7.6/104 (Guides), and 17.3/104 (Scapa) and differed after control for dive variability (p<0.001). (b) DCSobs was greater for 22%-29% nitrox (12.6/104) than for 30%-50% nitrox (2.04/104) (p ≤ 0.0064) which did not differ from air (2.97/104). (c) For daily repetitive dives (<12-hour surface intervals (SI)), DCS occurred only following one or two dives (4.3/104 DCSobs; p<0.001) where SIs were shorter than after three or more dives. (d) For multiday repetitive dives (SIs < 48 hours), DCS was associated with high multiday repetitive dive counts only for Guides (p = 0.0018). (e) DCSobs decreased with age at 3%/year (p ≤ 0.0144). (f) Males dived deeper (p<0.001) but for less time than females (p<0.001). Conclusions: Collecting dive profiles with dive computers and controlling for profile variability by probabilistic modeling was feasible, but analytical results require independent confirmation due to limited observed DCS. Future studies appear promising if more DCS cases are gathered, stakeholders cooperate, and identified data collection problems are corrected.

“It’s not just a diet, it’s a lifestyle”: An Exploratory Study into Community Preferences of Vegan Definitions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelon North ◽  
Emily Jane Kothe ◽  
Anna Klas ◽  
Mathew Ling
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Community Preferences ◽  
Positivist Approach

Veganism is an increasingly popular lifestyle within Western societies, including Australia. However, there appears to be a positivist approach to defining veganism in the literature. This has implications for measurement and coherence of the research literature. This exploratory study assessed preference rankings for definitions of veganism used by vegan advocacy groups across an Australian convenience sample of three dietary groups (vegan = 230, omnivore = 117, vegetarian = 43). Participants were also asked to explain their ranking order in an open-ended question. Most vegans selected the UK definition as their first preference, omnivores underwent five rounds of preference reallocation before the Irish definition was selected, and vegetarians underwent four rounds before the UK definition was selected. A reflexive thematic analysis of participant explanations for their rankings identified four themes: (1) Diet vs. lifestyle, (2) Absolutism, (3) Social justice, and (4) Animal justice. These four themes represent how participants had differing perceptions of veganism according to their personal experience and understanding of the term. It appears participants took less of an absolutist approach to the definition and how individuals conceptualise veganism may be more dynamic than first expected. This will be important when researchers are considering how we are defining veganism in future studies to maintain consistency in the field.

Eye-Movement Patterns of Readers With Down Syndrome During Sentence-Processing: An Exploratory Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Frenck-Mestre ◽  
Nathalie Zardan ◽  
Annie Colas ◽  
Alain Ghio
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Simple Sentences

Abstract Eye movements were examined to determine how readers with Down syndrome process sentences online. Participants were 9 individuals with Down syndrome ranging in reading level from Grades 1 to 3 and a reading-level-matched control group. For syntactically simple sentences, the pattern of reading times was similar for the two groups, with longer reading times found at sentence end. This “wrap-up” effect was also found in the first reading of more complex sentences for the control group, whereas it only emerged later for the readers with Down syndrome. Our results provide evidence that eye movements can be used to investigate reading in individuals with Down syndrome and underline the need for future studies.

Abstract 211: Variation of NEDD4L is Associated with Hypertension in Chinese Hans Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Cuicui Li ◽  
Wenyu Gong ◽  
Tanqi Lou
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-like (NEDD4L) is a candidate gene for hypertension, and carriers of an intact NEDD4L C2-domain,encoded by the NEDD4L rs4149601 (G/A) GG genotype, together with the C-allele of the NEDD4L rs2288774 (C/T) polymorphism have been found be associated with hypertension both in African Americans and whites. However, there is no data on the relationship between polymorphism of NEDD4L rs4149601 and rs2288774 and hypertension in Chinese chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between the variation of NEDD4L rs4149601, rs2288774 and hypertension in CKD patients. Methods: A total of 546 Chines Hans CKD patients were enrolled in our study. The SNPs were genotyped using PCR-based techniques. All patients underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and clinical data were also collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between polymorphisms and hypertension. Results: 506 patients carried GG/GA genotype and 30 carried AA genotype. Rs4149601 AA genotype carriers had significantly higher rate of hypertension (68.3% vs 46.2%, P = 0.022) than GG/GA genotype carriers by Chi-squared test. AA genotype carriers also had a higher day-time and bedtime systolic blood pressure (142±16 vs 135±23, P=0.036; 137±18 vs 127±13, P=0.022, respectively) when compared with GG/GA genotype carriers. AA genotype [OR= 3.08, 95% CI (1.06-9.80)], lowever eGFR [OR=0.98, 95% CI (0.97-0.99)], older age [OR=1.03, 95% CI (1.01-1.05)] were independently associated with hypertension in CKD patients by multivariate logistic regression. However, No difference was found in blood pressure with rs2288774 TT/TC/CC genotypes, and no difference was found in the incidence of hypertension among patients with three genotypes. Conclusions: Our results suggested 4149601AA genotype of NEDD4L may be associated with hypertension in CKD patients, and further genetic and functional studies are required to understand its role in the manifestation of hypertension in Chinese CKD patients.

Abstract TP197: Risk of Stroke in Women with use of Testosterone-Containing Hormone Replacement Therapy

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haseeb A Rahman ◽  
Ahmed Malik ◽  
Aesha Rahman ◽  
Saqib Chaudhry ◽  
Malik M Adil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Baseline Visit ◽  
Using Data

Background: There has been debate in the role of exogenous testosterone as a risk factor for stroke. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is considered a risk factor for stroke. The risk of ischemic stroke may increase when using testosterone-containing HRT. Methods: Using data from the observational component of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) [WHI Observational Study (OS)], we analyzed the 93,676 women aged 50-79 years, who participated in the OS over a period of 12±1 years. We compared the outcome of stroke in participants with reported use of a combination of testosterone and estrogen, estrogen alone, progesterone alone, and a combination of estrogen and progesterone, as recorded at the baseline visit. A logistic regression analysis was run to determine the odds of developing stroke. Results: Of the 93, 676 participants, 1772 used a combination of testosterone and estrogen (Estratest) HRT, 11,282 used progesterone alone, 10,808 used a combination of estrogen and progesterone, and 31,673 used estrogen alone. A smaller proportion of participants who developed an outcome of stroke had used Estratest as compared to estrogen alone or a combination of estrogen and progesterone (1.9% vs. 96.3% p=0.62). In the logistic regression, participants who had used Estratest were 1.2 times as likely to develop stroke as users of other hormone replacement therapy (OR 1.2 95%CI (0.96-1.6)), while women who had used progesterone only were 0.87 times less likely to develop stroke than users of other hormone replacement therapy (OR 0.874 95%CI (0.77-0.99)). After adjusting for confounders, the risk of developing stroke increased in users of Estratest (OR 1.25 95%CI (0.96-1.6) p=0.04), and decreased in users of progesterone only (OR 0.873 95%CI (0.77-0.99) p=0.038). Conclusion: Use of testosterone-containing HRT slightly increased the risk of stroke in women when compared to progesterone alone HRT, although this was not found to be significant. Stroke risk with Estratest may be considered to be similar to estrogen only and combination of estrogen plus progesterone HRT. Future studies are required to investigate these correlations.

Abstract 395: State-Level CPR Education Legislation Associated With Higher Survival After Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Older Adults

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David G Buckler ◽  
Megan Barnes ◽  
Tyler D Alexander ◽  
Marissa Lang ◽  
Alexis M Zebrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
State Level ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Education Legislation ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Patient State ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: State-level legislation requiring CPR education prior to high school graduation (CPR Legislation) is associated with an increased likelihood of community-level CPR training. CPR Legislation has also been shown to be associated with increased bystander CPR. We hypothesized that states with recent CPR Legislation would be associated with higher survival in older adults following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: Utilizing 2014 Medicare Claims data for emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient stays, we identified OHCA via ICD-9-CM code. CPR Legislation data was collected through online statute review. Exposure to CPR Legislation was assessed using the patient state of residence reported on the first claim. Patient dispositions were coded as home, SNF, death/hospice, rehab or other. All categories were considered survival to discharge except for death/hospice. Associations between categorical variables were assessed by chi-squared test. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio associated with OHCA survival and CPR Legislation, controlling for patient age and sex. Results: In 2014, 256,277 OHCAs were identified. Mean age was 79 ±8 y, 48% were female, 23% were non-white, and survival to discharge was 22%. Prior to 2013, 4 states had passed CPR Legislation and 6 others passed legislation in 2013. These states account for 12% of OCHA for the study year. States that passed CPR Legislation in 2013 had the highest survival compared to states with earlier passage or no CPR Legislation (22.2% vs 20.6% vs. 21.8%, respectively, p < 0.001). Among those who survived to discharge, more patients were discharged home from states with 2013 CPR Legislation, than earlier or no legislation (50.8% vs. 41.3% vs. 42.8%, p <0.001). Results of the multiple logistic regression showed CPR Legislation passed in 2013 was associated with a 12% increase in the odds of survival to discharge compared to states with CPR Legislation prior to 2013 (OR: 1.12, p <0.001). Conclusion: States with CPR Legislation passed in 2013 were associated with higher survival to discharge and discharge to home, compared to earlier adopters and states with no legislation. Further work is needed to assess the mechanisms underlying this relationship.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations Between Energy Drink Consumption, Health, and Norm-Breaking Behavior Among Swedish Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Svensson ◽  
Maria Warne ◽  
Katja Gillander Gådin
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Broad Approach

Objectives: To describe the intake of energy drinks (EDs) among a sample of Swedish adolescents while considering health-related variables, and to investigate the longitudinal associations between ED consumption, health, and norm-breaking behavior. Longitudinal studies on this topic are scarce.Methods: Questionnaire data were collected in the northern part of Sweden in 2010–2011 from 1,622 adolescents in grades 6–9. Analyses were performed using a chi-squared test and logistic regression.Results: Seventy-four percent of the boys and 54% of the girls had consumed EDs (P &lt; 0.001). ED consumption was associated with variables related to low health, low support levels, and norm-breaking behavior. The associations were generally stronger among the girls and the boys who consumed EDs at least once a week. ED consumption was a predictor of worse health and norm-breaking behavior 1 year later. Adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.53 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.20; school-related stress) to 4.88 (95% CI: 2.28, 10.43; gaming-related truancy).Conclusions: Health promotion activities benefit from a broad approach but could focus on girls who consume EDs and those boys with the highest consumption levels.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Decision Making and Proactive Citizen–Scientist Communication: A Cross-Sectional Study on COVID-19 Vaccination Adherence

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Emil Syundyukov ◽  
Martins Mednis ◽  
Linda Zaharenko ◽  
Eva Pildegovica ◽  
Ieva Danovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Factors Associated

Due to the severe impact of COVID-19 on public health, rollout of the vaccines must be large-scale. Current solutions are not intended to promote an active collaboration between communities and public health researchers. We aimed to develop a digital platform for communication between scientists and the general population, and to use it for an exploratory study on factors associated with vaccination readiness. The digital platform was developed in Latvia and was equipped with dynamic consent management. During a period of six weeks 467 participants were enrolled in the population-based cross-sectional exploratory study using this platform. We assessed demographics, COVID-19-related behavioral and personal factors, and reasons for vaccination. Logistic regression models adjusted for the level of education, anxiety, factors affecting the motivation to vaccinate, and risk of infection/severe disease were built to investigate their association with vaccination readiness. In the fully adjusted multiple logistic regression model, factors associated with vaccination readiness were anxiety (odds ratio, OR = 3.09 [95% confidence interval 1.88; 5.09]), feelings of social responsibility (OR = 1.61 [1.16; 2.22]), and trust in pharmaceutical companies (OR = 1.53 [1.03; 2.27]). The assessment of a large number of participants in a six-week period show the potential of a digital platform to create a data-driven dialogue on vaccination readiness.

Bullets, Blades, and Being Afraid in Hispanic High Schools: An Exploratory Study of the Presence of Weapons and Fear of Weapon-Associated Victimization Among High School Students in a Border Town

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Brown ◽  
Wm. Reed Benedict
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
High School Students ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
School Students ◽  
Border Town ◽  
Language Spoken At Home

This article presents data obtained from a survey of high school students in Brownsville, Texas. Almost half of the students reported having seen other students carry knives at school, roughly 1 in 10 reported having seen other students carry guns at school, and more than 1 in 5 reported being fearful of weapon-associated victimization at school. Logistic regression analyses indicate that age, gender, seeing other students carry weapons, and involvement with student clubs/organizations significantly affect fear of weapon-associated victimization. Using language spoken at home as a measure of acculturation, it was also determined that immigrant juveniles are more fearful of weaponassociated victimization than nonimmigrant juveniles. The theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.

Feeling Not Wanted/Loved and Depression: Does Gender Matter?

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110628
Author(s):  
Manik Ahuja ◽  
Joy Okoro ◽  
Esther Frimpong ◽  
Riddhi P. Doshi ◽  
Rajvi J. Wani
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Family Based Interventions

Depression affects over 17 million American adults yearly and has been identified as the leading cause of disability in people between the ages of 15 and 44 years. There is evidence that feeling neglect or a lack of parental attachment during childhood is associated with depression. One construct that has been overlooked is love from a parent. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between individuals who felt not wanted/loved during adolescence and lifetime depression and to examine this association by gender. We examined 5114 participants aged 24–32 years at Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) public use dataset. We used logistic regression analysis to determine the association between an individual feeling not wanted/loved by their parent/caregiver prior to age 18, covariates, and lifetime depression. We then stratified by gender and ran logistic models for both men and women separately. Overall, 16.2% ( n = 827) reported lifetime depression diagnosis, while 16.5% of the participants reported feeling not wanted/loved “often,” while 29.8% reported it as “sometimes.” Feeling not wanted/loved “often” was associated with higher odds of depression (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI, 2.45–3.66; p < .001) versus “sometimes” (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.31–1.90; p < .001). When stratified by gender, feeling not loved/wanted was associated with depression among both men (AOR = 3.70; 95% CI, 2.60–5.25; p < .001) and women (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI, 2.13–3.48; p < .001). Feeling not loved or wanted by a parent/caregiver during adolescence has serious implications, for both men and women. Future studies should further examine this construct and identify family-based interventions that focus on parent/caregiver and child relationships.

Appendix: A Brief Introduction to Analyzing Categorical Data and Finding More Data

2018 ◽  
pp. 302-326
Author(s):  
Quan Li
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Categorical Data ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Statistical Independence ◽  
Discrete Variables ◽  
Short List ◽  
The Public ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dichotomous Variable ◽  
Chi Squared

This chapter provides a brief introduction to two techniques often used with discrete data: testing statistical independence between two discrete variables with Chi-squared statistics, and testing the effects of some independent variables on the probability of a dependent variable taking on the value of one rather than zero with logistic regression. Both are illustrated by focusing on a dichotomous variable measuring self-reported happiness by survey respondents in World Value Surveys. In addition, the chapter also provides a short list of publicly available data resources that help to familiarize readers with the wealth of data in the public domain.

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