scholarly journals Influence of the prebiotic Salgard and a herb mixture on Pekin ducklings in organic poultry production, part II: Histological and microbiological investigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
V. Gerzilov ◽  
G. Penchev ◽  
M. Lyutskanov ◽  
A. Bochukov ◽  
N. Bozakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Group ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Standard Diet Group

The purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of the prebiotic Salgard and an herb mixture (rosemary, thyme, basil, oregano and cinnamon) on the histostructure of some internal organs and on the intestinal microflora of Pekin ducklings in an organic production system. Seventy two Pekin ducklings distributed randomly into 3 groups of 24 birds each and sexed (12 ?and 12 ?) were used as followed: group I (control) fed a standard diet; group II - fed the same diet supplemented with the prebiotic Salgard at a concentration of 0.15 %, and group III - fed the same diet supplemented with 0.15 % of a herb mixture in an equal proportion (0.03% of each herb - rosemary, thyme, basil, oregano and cinnamon). At slaughter, material for histological examination was obtained from the ileum, the caeca, the liver and the kidneys of birds. Faecal content from the ileum and the caeca were submitted to microbiological analysis. The addition of Salgard in a concentration of 0.15 % to the diet of Pekin ducklings contributed to significant increasing the length of the villi intestinales (P<0.001) and diameter of intestinal glands (P<0.01) in the ileum and epithelial height (P<0.05) in the caeca, as well as with a reduction of pathogenic intestinal microorganisms in the birds that received the prebiotic and herb mixture.

scholarly journals Hypolipemiant Actions and Possible Cardioprotective Effects of Valine and Leucine: An Experimental Study

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Elena Cojocaru ◽  
Maria Magdalena Leon-Constantin ◽  
Carmen Ungureanu ◽  
Mioara Florentina Trandafirescu ◽  
Alexandra Maștaleru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background and Objectives: Considering atherosclerosis as one of the more challenging threats to healthcare worldwide, any novel therapy that counteracts the risks for developing it, provides new opportunities for the management of this process. Material and methods: We performed an experimental research in which we induced a hypercholesterolemia via a cholesterol-rich diet. Our aim was to demonstrate the antiatherogenic potential of two essential amino acids (valine and leucine). The experimental study was carried out over a period of 60 days. Male Wistar rats weighing between 250–280 g were used and divided into 4 groups, each group including 8 animals. Group I—control was fed with a standard diet. Group II received cholesterol, group III cholesterol and valine and group IV cholesterol and leucine. Blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital plexus, under anesthesia with 75 mg/kg of intraperitoneal ketamine, in three different moments (R0—1st day, R1—the 30th day, R2—the 60th day) in order to measure the levels of triglycerides. Results: In R0, there were no significant differences between the average levels of triglycerides across all the groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the group I, in R1 and R2, the average levels of triglycerides were significantly higher in all groups (p < 0.001). Also, in R1 and R2, the average triglycerides in group II receiving cholesterol (C) were significantly higher than those in group III receiving valine (C + V) as well as in group IV receiving leucine (C + L) (p < 0.001; p < 0.05). In R2, the average triglycerides in group III were significantly lower than in group IV (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our data provides evidence that valine and leucine have a direct impact on the lipid metabolism parameters by lowering the level of triglycerides. The comparison of the two essential amino acids indicates that valine acts more promptly and rapidly than leucine.

Protective effects of selenium on methimazole-induced anemia and oxidative stress in adult rats and their offspring

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1549-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtissem Ben Amara ◽  
Ahmed Hakim ◽  
Afef Troudi ◽  
Nejla Soudani ◽  
Fatma Ayadi Makni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Hematological Parameter ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Standard Diet Group

The present study investigates the potential ability of selenium, considered as an antioxidant with pharmacological property to alleviate oxidative stress and hematological parameter disorders induced by methimazole, an antithyroid drug. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of six each: group I served as negative control and received a standard diet; group II received 250 mg/L of methimazole in drinking water and a standard diet; group III received both methimazole (250 mg/L, orally) and selenium (0.5 mg/kg of diet) supplemented to the standard diet; group IV served as positive control and received a supplement of selenium in the diet (0.5 mg/kg of diet) as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Treatment was started from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. Methimazole reduced the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit in mothers and their pups. Besides, plasma iron, vitamins B9, B12, C and E levels were reduced. Lipid peroxidation increased, objectified by high malondialdehyde levels and lactate dehydrogenase activity in plasma, while glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities showed a significant decline. Co-administration of selenium through diet improved all the parameters cited above. It can be concluded that the administration of selenium alleviates methimazole-induced toxicity, thus demonstrating its antioxidant efficacy.

scholarly journals FRUCTOSE;

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Zehra Naz ◽  
Abdul Khaliq Naveed ◽  
Mehdi Raza
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Group I ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Objectives: To study and compare the effects of fructose and galactose on, bloodglucose, insulin, HbA and lipids and anthropometric measurements. Data Source: Ninety, 1chealthy adult male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain. Design: Experimental study. Setting:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, A.M.C, Rawalpindi, in collaboration withN.I.H, Islamabad. Period: Twelve months. Subjects and Methods: Rats weighing 180-350 gramswere selected by random sampling and were divided into three groups, 30 each. Group I wasgiven standard diet, Group II was given high fructose diet (HFD), i.e., 1.5gms/Kg body weight/dayof fructose, along with standard diet for two weeks and Group III was given high galactose diet,i.e., 0.83gms/Kg body weight/day, along with standard diet for two weeks. Results: There was asignificant increase in height of galactose group while fructose group has significant weight loss;BMI decreased in both but more in former. The blood levels of cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, TG, andinsulin were significantly higher in fructose group than in galactose group. There was nosignificant difference between blood glucose and HbA among these groups yet their higher 1clevels indicate the chances of developing insulin resistance. Conclusions: Fructose due to itsless hyperglycaemic effects should not be used in diet and must not be prescribed in diabetes, asin the long run it can lead to obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular risk. Non-significant effectsof galactose on above parameters (except lipoproteins), does not mean that it can be used as analternative to fructose and this area needs exploration.

Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Carica Papaya seeds in Drug-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2951-2953
Author(s):  
Sameer Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Attiya Munir ◽  
Amtul Hafeez ◽  
Sher Afghan Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Nephrotoxicity is characterized by raised serum urea and creatinine levels and kidneys being one of the primary organs of drug concentration and excretion are vulnerable to many widely used marketed drugs, including anti-cancer drugs, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and radio contrast agents, are nephrotoxic. Aim: To determine the nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds in Aminoglycoside induced acute nephrotoxicity. Study design: Quasi Experimental study. Methodology: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were sub divided into 3 groups i.e., I, II and III with 10 rats in each group. Group II and III were administered Aminoglycoside drug; Gentamycin in 80 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal route once daily for 5 consecutive days to induce acute nephrotoxicity. At day 6, nephrotoxicity was confirmed by measuring serum urea and creatinine. Ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds (1000 mg/kg) was started once daily through oral route in group III for 5 consecutive days to see the nephroprotective effects of seed extract after causing acute kidney injury. All animals were given standard diet pellets manufactured at NIH. Results: Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group I (Control Group) at day 0 were 24.90 mg/dL ± 1.633 and .750 mg/dL ± .0619 respectively. Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group II (Disease Control Group) was 81.00 mg/dL ± 1.247 and 1.980mg/dL ± .0467 at day 6th. This suggested induction of nephrotoxicity by Gentamycin. Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group III (Ethanolic Extract Treated Group) at 11 day was 72.40mg/dL± .991 and 1.680 mg/dL± .0467 after 5 days treatment with ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds. Conclusion: We concluded that ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds has significant nephroprotective effects on Aminoglycoside induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Awareness and Adverse Effects

Phytoestrogen-containing diets offer benefits for mouse embryology but lead to fewer offspring being produced

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-545
Author(s):  
Jussi Helppi ◽  
Ronald Naumann ◽  
Oliver Zierau
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Experimental Mouse ◽  
Standard Diet Group

One of the most commonly used protein sources in rodent diets is soy, which is naturally rich in phytoestrogens. Although phytoestrogens have shown potential health benefits in humans, they may also have the ability to disrupt reproduction. Consequently, there has been a tendency to try to exclude them from rodent diets. In the current study, we investigated whether phytoestrogen content in the mouse diet could affect reproduction in mice used as embryo donors. Donor mice (C57BL/6JOlaHsd) were maintained with three different diets: high phytoestrogen (ca. 400 mg/kg genistein), low phytoestrogen (ca. 10 mg/kg genistein) and standard breeding diet (ca. 120 mg/kg genistein). Mice fed a high phytoestrogen diet had a high yield of plugs, embryos, and injectable embryos, as well as producing good quality embryos. Results from donor mice fed a low phytoestrogen diet were consistently but only slightly inferior, whereas mice fed a standard diet performed the poorest. Interestingly, the largest number of born and weaned offspring were observed when recipient females received embryos from the standard diet group. Sperm yield and quality of stud males did not differ between the groups. We surmize that for experimental endpoints requiring fertilized embryos it may be more beneficial to feed mice a diet containing phytoestrogen, but if the goal is to produce transgenic mice, a diet high in phytoestrogen may be inadvisable. In conclusion, care should be taken when selecting a diet for experimental mouse colonies as phytoestrogen could influence the study outcome.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of a New Tablets Formulation fromTamarindus indicaL.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rafael Rodriguez Amado ◽  
Ariadna Lafourcade Prada ◽  
Julio Cesar Escalona Arranz ◽  
Renato Pérez Rosés ◽  
Humberto Morris Quevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I

Hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver cells primarily by producing reactive oxygen species. The decoction of the leaves ofTamarindus indicaL. is used for liver disorders. In this work we evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of a tablet formulation of this plant. Thirty-five Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=7). First group (I) is control group, fed with standard diet. Groups II to V (hepatotoxic groups) were subjected to a subcutaneous injection of CCl4(0.5 mL/kg). Group II was negative control, fed with standard diet; group III was subjected to administration of Silymarin 150 mg/kg and groups IV and V were treated with tablets in dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Lipid peroxidation and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione were evaluated. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and a lipid profile were evaluated too. The tablets inhibit lipid peroxidation. The redox balance (SOD-CAT-GSH) remains normal in the experimental groups treated with tablets. The liver function using dose of 200 mg/kg of tablets was better than the other experimental groups. These results justify, scientifically, the ethnobotanical use of the leaves ofTamarindus indicaL.

scholarly journals Atorvastatin Attenuates Bone Loss and Aortic Valve Atheroma in LDLR-/- Mice

Cardiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalini M. Rajamannan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Causes Of Mortality

Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis in experimental hypercholesterolemia to determine whether statins play a protective role in this process. LDLR-/- mice (n = 60) were allocated to the following groups: group I (n = 20), normal diet; group II (n = 20), 0.25% (w/w) cholesterol diet (w/w), and group III (n = 20), 0.25% (w/w) cholesterol diet + atorvastatin for 48 weeks. Examination of aortic valves (AVA) and femurs for atherosclerosis and calcification markers included micro-CT, special stains, and calcein incorporation. The cholesterol diet induced bone formation in calcified AVA and an increase in macrophage infiltration. Hyperlipidemic bones expressed an increase in osteoclast cells and a decrease in bone formation. Atorvastatin reduced atherosclerosis and bone mineralization in AVA and increased mineralization within femur bones (p < 0.05). Atherosclerosis is present in hyperlipidemic bones and valves as characterized by macrophage and osteoclast infiltration, and it is attenuated by atorvastatin, which may have implications for therapy in the future.

The effect of pro-, pre- and synbiotics on the health of mink, morphometric parameters of their digestive tract, and microbiological analysis of its contents

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Piórkowska
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Weight Gains

<b>The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of selected feed additives (pro-, pre- and synbiotics) on the health of mink, morphometric parameters of their digestive tract, and microbiological identification of its contents. The observations were made on pastel mink assigned to the following dietary treatments: group I – standard farm feed without supplements, group II – probiotic-supplemented feed, group III – prebiotic-supplemented feed, and group IV – synbiotic-supplemented feed. The feed additives were found to affect the growth and weight gains of the mink. Body weight at winter fur priming ranged from 1.45 to 2.54 kg in females and from 2.70 to 4.20 kg in males. During the rearing period (weaning to slaughter), the highest weight gains were observed in the group receiving prebiotics – on average 760 g in females and 1970 g in males. Analysis of the morphometric parameters of the digestive tract showed highly significant differences between means for the groups, except for the weight of the lungs and spleen and the length of the stomach. The mean concentration of total bacteria in the intestinal contents was similar in groups II and III (8.5-9.4 x 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g), higher in group IV, and highest in the control group (5.9 x 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g). Among the bacteria identified, <i>Corynebacterium</i> was dominant in all groups. The total fungal count in the intestinal contents was lowest in the mink receiving prebiotics. The dominant fungi were <i>Candida</i>, particularly <i>Candida glabrata</i>. The proportion of fungi of this genus varied between groups from 84.5% to 89.5%. The other fungi identified in the digesta were <i>Rhizopus</i> spp. and <i>Aspergillus</i> spp.</b>

scholarly journals VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY AND METAPLASIA

1927 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Goldblatt ◽  
Maria Benischek
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Transitional Epithelium ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Group Ii

Of nineteen rats on a complete diet (Group III, Diet + C. L. O.), none showed foci of squamous keratinizing epithelium in abnormal situations. Of twenty-six rats on a diet deficient in vitamins A and D (Group I, Diet—A–D), twenty-three showed metaplastic changes of varying degree in one or more organs; the metaplasia was of columnar, cuboidal, and transitional epithelium to the squamous keratinizing type. Of eighteen rats on a diet deficient in vitamin A alone (Group II, Diet—A), seventeen showed epithelial metaplasia similar to that of Group I in one or more organs. In Groups I (Diet—A–D) and II (Diet—A) the changes occurred in one or more of the following organs: trachea, large bronchi, small bronchi or bronchioles in lung, posterior nares, accessory salivary glands of base of tongue, paraocular, submaxillary, sublingual, and parotid glands, renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder. The metaplastic changes were as extensive in the rats of Group II on a diet deficient in vitamin A alone as in those of Group I which received a diet deficient in vitamins A and D.

scholarly journals Combined use of Candida Utilis and Idesia polycarpa var. Vestita Fruit Improve the Production Performance of Laying Quail

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinanbei Liu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Yueyue Shu ◽  
Yiran Sun ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Standard Diet Group

ABSTRACTIdesia polycarpa Maxim. var. vestita Diels (Idesiapolycarpa), which is widely distributed in south China, is still underexplored. This study applied Idesia polycarpa defatted fruit (IPF) and Candida utilis to the feed of laying quails using solid-state fermentation. In comparison to the standard diet group, birds fed with mixture of IPF and Candida utilis (MIC) showed better production capacity, and the ML group (1% MIC added) achieved the greatest egg mass (9.77 on average; P<0.01) and laying rate (87.7% on average; P<0.01). Compared to the standard diet group, the cholesterol content was lower in both the ML (1% MIC addition groups) and IL (1% IPF addition groups), and 5% MIC added group had higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. Furthermore, birds given the MIC dietary supplement showed a thicker jejunum wall than the standard diet group. In addition, the related mRNA expression of SRBEP-1, SREBP-2, ATGL, APOVLDL-II which are involved in the fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis suggested that the addition of Candida utilis could effectively improve the production capacity of laying quails while decrease the negative effects of IPF. This work also demonstrates how MIC can be applied to improve the production of laying quails.

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