Local climates of Vardar, Struma and Mesta valleys (Balkan peninsula) according to the modified Köppen climate classification

The K?ppen classification is commonly used and helpful for characteristics of different climate types and their changes. Available maps based on this classification are dealing with continental and worldwide zones. This is the reason mountainous territory of the Balkans to be defined as zones with cold or high mountain climate without further details. The main aim of the study is detail classification of the territory of Vardar, Struma and Mesta in the view of the K?ppen system and establishing the inner zones variability trough time. In order to achieve this goal we use the SAT (surface air temperature) and precipitation data from meteorological stations located in key areas of the valleys. We build 30 year moving average to present climate fluctuations in these areas according to the modified K?ppen classification. Results show that index changing is variable through the different periods but there has a tendency for general reduction of the annual precipitation in the whole period of observation.

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Антропогеографический метод Йована Цвиича в зеркале российской науки

Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology) ◽

10.33876/2311-0546/2021-4/297-308 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 297-308

Author(s):

М.Ю. Мартынова

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Field Research ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Research Experience ◽

Scientific Career ◽

Scientific Heritage ◽

The Balkans ◽

Ethnic Mapping ◽

Cultural Types

Статья посвящена анализу научного наследия выдающегося сербского ученого конца XIX – первой четверти XX века Йована Цвиича (1865–1927) и обзору развития концептуально близких его профессиональным интересам идей в России. Популярный при становлении научных взглядов исследователя антропогеографический метод был осмыслен Цвиичем в силу его широкой эрудиции и опыта полевых исследований по-своему. Будучи географом по образованию, Цвиич смог в своей деятельности по изучению природы и хозяйственного уклада населения Балканского полуострова мастерски скомбинировать точку зрения географа с историческим подходом. В этом видел заслугу Цвиича российский этнолог С.А. Токарев. По его мнению, разработанный Цвиичем антропогеографический метод во многом отличается от одноименного метода Фридриха Ратцеля (1844–1904), и в выгодную сторону. Научные доктрины Йована Цвиича не только предопределили традиции сербской этнографии XX века, но и получили мировую известность. Не прошли они бесследно и для российской науки. Некоторые из работ Цвиича – «Заметки по этнографии македонских славян» и «Аннексия Боснии-Герцеговины и сербский вопрос» в начале прошлого века были переведены на русский язык и изданы в Санкт-Петербурге. Антропогеографический вектор исследований нашел своих сторонников и в России, а также в дальнейшем в значительной степени способствовал появлению у нас в стране «этнического картографирования» и этноэкологии (антропоэкологии). Разработанная Й. Цвиичем культурно-географическая классификация областей Балканского полуострова, так называемых «зон цивилизации» во многом схожа с концепцией «хозяйственно-культурных типов и историко-культурных областей», предложенной в 1970-х годах отечественными учеными М.Г. Левиным и Н.Н. Чебоксаровым. Научное направление, объектом изучения которого являются связи и взаимодействия человека с окружающей средой, развивается и совершенствуется, как в мировой науке в целом, так и в российской науке, в частности. The purpose of the article is to investigate the scientific heritage of Jovan Cvijić (1865–1927), a prominent Serbian scholar of the late 19th and first quarter of the 20th century, and explore how the ideas related to his agenda developed in Russia. Cvijić’s profound erudition and field research experience helped him to give his own interpretation to the anthropogeographical principle, popular when he was starting his scientific career. A geographer by training, Cvijić masterfully combined geographic perspective with a historical approach in his activities aimed at studying the nature and economic setup of the Balkans. S. A. Tokarev, a Russian ethnologist, believed that Cvijić deserved much credit for doing so. According to Tokarev, the anthropogeographical method developed by Cvijić was considerably different from the homonymous method of Friedrich Ratzel (1844–1904) and compared favorably to it. Jovan Cvijić’s teachings had both ordained the traditions of Serbian ethnography of the 20th century and become well-known globally. Their impact on Russian academia was noticeable, too. Some of Cvijić’s works, namely “Nekolika posmatranja o etnografiji makedonskih Slovena” and “L’anexion de la Bosnie et la question Serbe”, were translated into Russian in the early 1900s and published in St. Petersburg. In Russia, too, there emerged a number of scholars pursuing the anthropogeographical vector of studies. Later it contributed greatly to the nascence of “ethnic mapping” and ethnoecology (anthropoecology) in this country. Cultural-geographical classification of various areas of the Balkan Peninsula, the so-called “civilization zones” developed by J. Cvijić, is in many aspects similar to the concept of “economic-cultural types and historic-cultural areas” proposed in the 1970s by Soviet scholars M.G. Levin and N.N. Cheboksarov. The discipline studying humans’ connection to and interaction with the environment is developing and progressing both globally and in Russian academia.

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Genetic diversity and structure of the noble crayfish populations in the Balkan Peninsula revealed by mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11838 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11838

Author(s):

Riho Gross ◽

Leona Lovrenčić ◽

Mišel Jelić ◽

Frederic Grandjean ◽

Simona Ðuretanović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Microsatellite Dna ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Population Divergence ◽

Climate Fluctuations ◽

The Balkans ◽

Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽

Pleistocene Climate ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽

Noble Crayfish

Background The noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) is a native European species in decline, with a contracting range and diminishing populations and abundance. Previous studies revealed this species significant genetic diversity in the south-eastern Europe, with populations from the western and the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula being the most divergent. However, sampling of populations from the western part of the Balkans was limited and insufficient for investigating genetic diversity and population divergence for the purpose of conservation planning and management. Thus, the major aim of this study was to fill in this knowledge gap by studying mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA diversity, using 413 noble crayfish from 18 populations from waterbodies in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. Methods Phylogenetic analysis of studied populations and their mitochondrial diversity were studied using COI and 16S sequences and population genetic structure was described using 15 microsatellite loci. Results Phylogeographic analysis revealed new divergent mitochondrial haplotypes for the populations in the westernmost part of the Balkan Peninsula in the tributaries of the Sava and Drava rivers. Microsatellite data indicated that these populations harbour an important component of genetic diversity within A. astacus. The results suggest that the western part of the Balkans played an important role as microrefugia during the Pleistocene climate fluctuations, allowing the long term persistence of A. astacus populations in this region. These results will also be important to supporting conservation decision making and planning.

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Alpine vegetation of the Ivanovskiy, Prokhodnoy and Rossypnoy Ridges (Western Altai)

Vegetation of Russia ◽

10.31111/vegrus/2015.27.96 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 96-124

Author(s):

E. G. Zibzeev ◽

T. A. Nedovesova

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Climate Forcing ◽

High Mountain ◽

Air Mass ◽

Rich Diversity ◽

Mountain Systems ◽

Mountain Vegetation ◽

Coenotic Diversity

The mountain systems are characterized by diverse ecological conditions (climate, geomorphological, soil, etc.). The wide spectrum of environmental conditions entails a rich diversity of plant communities growing on the small territory and determines the different flora and vegetation geneses. The uniqueness of floristic and coenotic diversities of the high-mountain vegetation of the south of Western Altai (Ivanovskiy, Prokhodnoi, and Rossypnoi Ranges) are associated with the effect of two climate-forcing factors such as the westerly humid air mass and dry warm airflow from the inner Kazakhstan regions. The paper summarizes the data on coenotic diversity (Zibzeev, 2010, 2012) and gives a syntaxonomic analysis of the high-mountain vegetation in the Ivanovskii, Prokhodnoi, and Rossypnoi Ranges (Western Altai, Kazakhstan). The classification of plant communities was carried out using the Braun-Blanquet approach (Westhoff, van der Maarel, 1973). The relevés records were stored in the TURBOVEG database and classified by TWINSPAN (Hill 1979).

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High Mountain Asian glacier response to climate revealed by multi-temporal satellite observations since the 1960s

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-24180-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Atanu Bhattacharya ◽

Tobias Bolch ◽

Kriti Mukherjee ◽

Owen King ◽

Brian Menounos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

River Flow ◽

Tien Shan ◽

High Mountain ◽

Glacier Mass Balance ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Multi Temporal ◽

The 1960S ◽

Northern Tien Shan

AbstractKnowledge about the long-term response of High Mountain Asian glaciers to climatic variations is paramount because of their important role in sustaining Asian river flow. Here, a satellite-based time series of glacier mass balance for seven climatically different regions across High Mountain Asia since the 1960s shows that glacier mass loss rates have persistently increased at most sites. Regional glacier mass budgets ranged from −0.40 ± 0.07 m w.e.a−1 in Central and Northern Tien Shan to −0.06 ± 0.07 m w.e.a−1 in Eastern Pamir, with considerable temporal and spatial variability. Highest rates of mass loss occurred in Central Himalaya and Northern Tien Shan after 2015 and even in regions where glaciers were previously in balance with climate, such as Eastern Pamir, mass losses prevailed in recent years. An increase in summer temperature explains the long-term trend in mass loss and now appears to drive mass loss even in regions formerly sensitive to both temperature and precipitation.

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Feasibility of Using VIS/NIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis for Pesticide Residue Detection in Tomatoes

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9020196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Araz Soltani Nazarloo ◽

Vali Rasooli Sharabiani ◽

Yousef Abbaspour Gilandeh ◽

Ebrahim Taghinezhad ◽

Mariusz Szymanek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Low Cost ◽

Moving Average ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Residue Detection ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Reflective Spectroscopy

The purpose of this work was to investigate the detection of the pesticide residual (profenofos) in tomatoes by using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy. Therefore, the experiments were performed on 180 tomato samples with different percentages of profenofos pesticide (higher and lower values than the maximum residual limit (MRL)) as compared to the control (no pesticide). VIS/near infrared (NIR) spectral data from pesticide solution and non-pesticide tomato samples (used as control treatment) impregnated with different concentrations of pesticide in the range of 400 to 1050 nm were recorded by a spectrometer. For classification of tomatoes with pesticide content at lower and higher levels of MRL as healthy and unhealthy samples, we used different spectral pre-processing methods with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models. The Smoothing Moving Average pre-processing method with the standard error of cross validation (SECV) = 4.2767 was selected as the best model for this study. In addition, in the calibration and prediction sets, the percentages of total correctly classified samples were 90 and 91.66%, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that reflective spectroscopy (VIS/NIR) can be used as a non-destructive, low-cost, and rapid technique to control the health of tomatoes impregnated with profenofos pesticide.

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Future Extreme Climates Projection over Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3887 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 3887-3892 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Huang He Gu ◽

Zhong Bo Yu ◽

Ji Gan Wang

Keyword(s):

Climate Changes ◽

Climate Model ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Daily Rainfall ◽

Heavy Rain ◽

Near Surface ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Huai River ◽

The Future

This study projects the future extreme climate changes over Huang-Huai-Hai (3H) region in China using a regional climate model (RegCM4). The RegCM4 performs well in “current” climate (1970-1999) simulations by compared with the available surface station data, focusing on near-surface air temperature and precipitation. Future climate changes are evaluated based on experiments driven by European-Hamburg general climate model (ECHAM5) in A1B future scenario (2070-2099). The results show that the annual temperature increase about 3.4 °C-4.2 °C and the annual precipitation increase about 5-15% in most of 3H region at the end of 21st century. The model predicts a generally less frost days, longer growing season, more hot days, no obvious change in heat wave duration index, larger maximum five-day rainfall, more heavy rain days, and larger daily rainfall intensity. The results indicate a higher risk of floods in the future warmer climate. In addition, the consecutive dry days in Huai River Basin will increase, indicating more serve drought and floods conditions in this region.

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The Use of UV Spectroscopy and SIMCA for the Authentication of Indonesian Honeys According to Botanical, Entomological and Geographical Origins

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26040915 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 915

Author(s):

Diding Suhandy ◽

Meinilwita Yulia

Keyword(s):

Spectral Data ◽

Uv Spectroscopy ◽

Moving Average ◽

Food Product ◽

Classification Method ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Food Fraud ◽

Authentication System ◽

Uv Visible

As a functional food, honey is a food product that is exposed to the risk of food fraud. To mitigate this, the establishment of an authentication system for honey is very important in order to protect both producers and consumers from possible economic losses. This research presents a simple analytical method for the authentication and classification of Indonesian honeys according to their botanical, entomological, and geographical origins using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and SIMCA (soft independent modeling of class analogy). The spectral data of a total of 1040 samples, representing six types of Indonesian honey of different botanical, entomological, and geographical origins, were acquired using a benchtop UV-visible spectrometer (190–400 nm). Three different pre-processing algorithms were simultaneously evaluated; namely an 11-point moving average smoothing, mean normalization, and Savitzky–Golay first derivative with 11 points and second-order polynomial fitting (ordo 2), in order to improve the original spectral data. Chemometrics methods, including exploratory analysis of PCA and SIMCA classification method, was used to classify the honey samples. A clear separation of the six different Indonesian honeys, based on botanical, entomological, and geographical origins, was obtained using PCA calculated from pre-processed spectra from 250–400 nm. The SIMCA classification method provided satisfactory results in classifying honey samples according to their botanical, entomological, and geographical origins and achieved 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Several wavelengths were identified (266, 270, 280, 290, 300, 335, and 360 nm) as the most sensitive for discriminating between the different Indonesian honey samples.

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Revising key parameters for long-term carbon cycle models

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-2794 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chloé M. Marcilly ◽

Trond H. Torsvik ◽

Mathew Domeier ◽

Dana L. Royer

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Silicate Weathering ◽

Geological Time ◽

Sea Levels ◽

Climate Fluctuations ◽

Climate Gradients ◽

Sea Level Fluctuations ◽

Temperature And Precipitation

CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas in the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere and has fluctuated considerably over geological time. However, proxies for past CO2 concentrations have large uncertainties and are mostly limited to Devonian and younger times. Consequently, CO2 modelling plays a key role in reconstructing past climate fluctuations. Facing the limitations with the current CO2 models, we aim to refine two important forcings for CO2 levels over the Phanerozoic, namely carbon degassing and silicate weathering.Silicate weathering and carbonate deposition is widely recognized as a primary sink of carbon on geological timescales and is largely influenced by changes in climate, which in turn is linked to changes in paleogeography. The role of paleogeography on silicate weathering fluxes has been the focus of several studies in recent years. Their aims were mostly to constrain climatic parameters such as temperature and precipitation affecting weathering rates through time. However, constraining the availability of exposed land is crucial in assessing the theoretical amount of weathering on geological time scales. Associated with changes in climatic zones, the fluctuation of sea-level is critical for defining the amount of land exposed to weathering. The current reconstructions used inmodels tend to overestimate the amount of exposed land to weathering at periods with high sea levels. Through the construction of continental flooding maps, we constrain the effective land area undergoing silicate weathering for the past 520 million years. Our maps not only reflect sea-level fluctuations but also contain climate-sensitive indicators such as coal (since the Early Devonian) and evaporites to evaluate climate gradients and potential weatherablity through time. This is particularly important after the Pangea supercontinent formed but also for some time after its break-up.Whilst silicate weathering is an important CO2 sink, volcanic carbon degassing is a major source but one of the least constrained climate forcing parameters. There is no clear consensus on the history of degassing through geological time as there are no direct proxies for reconstructing carbon degassing, but various proxy methods have been postulated. We propose new estimates of plate tectonic degassing for the Phanerozoic using both subduction flux from full-plate models and zircon age distribution from arcs (arc-activity) as proxies.The effect of revised modelling parameters for weathering and degassing was tested in the well-known long-term models GEOCARBSULF and COPSE. They revealed the high influence of degassing on CO2 levels using those models, highlighting the need for enhanced research in this direction. The use of arc-activity as a proxy for carbon degassing leads to interesting responses in the Mesozoic and brings model estimates closer to CO2 &#160;proxy values. However, from simulations using simultaneously the revised input parameters (i.e weathering and degassing) large model-proxy discrepancies remain and notably for the Triassic and Jurassic.&#160;

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Post-Byzantine hermeneiai zographikes in the eighteenth century and their dissemination in the Balkans during the nineteenth century

Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies ◽

10.1017/s0307013100015056 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 69-79

Author(s):

Emmanuel Moutafov

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Primary Sources ◽

The Balkans ◽

Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

This article focuses on the significance of the Orthodox painters’ manuals, called hermeneiai zographikes, in the development of post-Byzantine iconography and painting technology and techniques in the Balkans during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Using a number of unpublished painters’ manuals (Greek and Slavonic) as primary sources for the study of Christian and Ottoman culture in the Balkan peninsula, it is possible to examine perceptions of Europe in the Balkans, in particular the principal routes for the transmission of ideas of the European Enlightenment, as well as the role of artists as mediators in the processes of ‘Europeanization'.

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Seasonal Surface Air Temperature and Precipitation in the FSU Climate Model Coupled to the CLM2

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli3470.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 3217-3228 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

D. W. Shin ◽

S. Cocke ◽

T. E. LaRow ◽

James J. O’Brien

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Climate Model ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Community Land Model ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

The Impact ◽

Convective Scheme

Abstract The current Florida State University (FSU) climate model is upgraded by coupling the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Land Model Version 2 (CLM2) as its land component in order to make a better simulation of surface air temperature and precipitation on the seasonal time scale, which is important for crop model application. Climatological and seasonal simulations with the FSU climate model coupled to the CLM2 (hereafter FSUCLM) are compared to those of the control (the FSU model with the original simple land surface treatment). The current version of the FSU model is known to have a cold bias in the temperature field and a wet bias in precipitation. The implementation of FSUCLM has reduced or eliminated this bias due to reduced latent heat flux and increased sensible heat flux. The role of the land model in seasonal simulations is shown to be more important during summertime than wintertime. An additional experiment that assimilates atmospheric forcings produces improved land-model initial conditions, which in turn reduces the biases further. The impact of various deep convective parameterizations is examined as well to further assess model performance. The land scheme plays a more important role than the convective scheme in simulations of surface air temperature. However, each convective scheme shows its own advantage over different geophysical locations in precipitation simulations.

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