scholarly journals Investigations of protective effects of bivalent inactivated vaccine prepared from serotypes 1/2a and 4b Listeria monocytogenes on mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Dragan Bacic ◽  
Sonja Obrenovic ◽  
Marko Kirovski ◽  
Blagoje Dimitrijevic ◽  
Sonja Radojicic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
B Mice

The objective of these investigations was to check on laboratory white mice the protective effect of an inactivated bivalent vaccine prepared from serotypes 1/2a and 4b L. monocytogenes. Following verification of the sterility and toxicity of the prepared vaccine, the mice were divided into 6 groups with 10 animals in each group. The first and second group of mice were administered the vaccine without saponin (vaccine A) and the third and fourth group the vaccine with saponin (vaccine B). Mice of the fifth and the sixth group were not vaccinated and served as a negative control. Two weeks following vaccination, the experimental groups were revaccinated, with the exception of the two control groups. Two weeks following revaccination, all groups were artificially infected with serotypes 1/2a and 4b L. monocytogenes. During the course of the investigations (60 days) a total of 4 mice died in the vaccinated groups. Mice of the control groups started dying after day 7, and the last mouse in these groups died 14 days after the infection. Examinations of preparations of parenchymatous organs of the dead mice stained according to Gram proved the presence of L. monocytogenes. Homogenates of parenchymatous organs were sown on tryptose agar for reisolation and a pure culture of L. monocytogenes was obtained. Through the use of specific antiserums, serotypes 1/2a and 4b were confirmed. Considering the total number of vaccinated mice in the experiment and the percent deaths (10%), it can be said that the investigated vaccine with saponin had a satisfactory protective effect.

scholarly journals Teratogenic effects of Metoprolol in the chick embryos

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Abbas Razzaq Abed
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
T1 And T2

     This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of Metoprolol on chicken embryos during the period of cuddling automated .This study was completed in Babylon hatchery dedicated to the production of chick chickens, which is located in the province of Babylon. One hundred eggs (Belgian origin, CZ 1924) were divided into equal four groups. The first group injected eggs by Metaprolol at dose 10 mg /70kg BW, and the second group eggs was injected by Metoprolol at dose 15 mg /70kg BW, while eggs in the third group was injected by physiological normal saline only and the fourth group did not inject their eggs any material and considered the control group and all the eggs used in this experiment to take on the fourth day of cuddling. The results of this study showed a decrease in the percentage hatching in groups injected with Metoprolol (T1 and T2 groups, 4% and 13%, respectively) compared to the T3 and the control groups. Also showed the results of the current study, no significant difference at the level of (P <0.05) in the weights of embryos after hatching. While histopathological examination showed the presence of pathological lesions in the heart tissue in injected eggs groups by Metoprolol (T1 and T2 groups) and included these changes infiltration of inflammatory cells, thickening in epicardium and the presence of vacuolation in heart tissue with the appearance of edema, heart tissue damage, congestion in the blood vessels and the occurrence of hemorrhage.

The Protective Effect of Melatonin against Fumonisin-Induced Renal Damage in Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma A. Morsy ◽  
Manal A. Badawy ◽  
Abdel Razik H. Farrag
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Histochemical Changes

The present study was designed to investigate the potential protective effect of melatonin against the renal toxicity of fumonisin in female rats. Six groups of animals were used in this study. The first group served as control. The second group was given melatonin only at a dose level of 10 mg/kg. The third group was fed ration contaminated with fumonisin (100 mg/kg diet). The fourth group was fed ration contaminated with fumonisin (200 mg/kg diet). The fifth group was given daily interperitoneal injection (IP) 10 mg/kg melatonin and fed ration contaminated with fumonisin (100 mg/kg diet). The sixth group was given daily interperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg melatonin and fed ration contaminated with fumonisin (200 mg/kg diet). The rats were treated for 1 month. Histopathological and histochemical changes in the kidney were investigated. In addition, DNA ploidy was measured in the kidney. Fumonisin administration (100 or 200 mg/Kg diet) to unpretreated control rats caused extensive renal damage as evaluated by histopathology, histochemistry, and/or DNA ploidy measurement. No apparent changes following administration of melatonin. Melatonin coadministration to the fumonisin-administered rats reduced kidney damage and the tissues appeared more or less like the normal. The present study indicates that melatonin has a protective effect in fumonisin-induced renal damage.

The protective effect of proanthocyanidin on the methotrexate-induced intestinal damage

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 19576-19576
Author(s):  
M. Gulgun ◽  
O. Erdem ◽  
E. Oztas ◽  
E. Kismet ◽  
V. Koseoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
And Control

19576 Background: Methotrexate (MTX) induced mucositis is an important dose-limiting side effect for which there is no definitive prophylaxis or treatment. This study was designed to investigate whether proantocyanidin, grape seed extract from Vitus Vinifera, had a protective effect on the small intestine of rats with MTX-induced damage. Methods: Thirty two albino rats were randomized into experimental and control groups and divided into four groups. To the first group, MTX was applied as a single dose (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. To the second group, in addition to MTX application, proanthocyanidin (100 mg/kg) was given orally every day by gavage until the rats were killed. To the third group, proanthocyanidin only was administered. The fourth group was the control. All animals were sacrificied 4 days after the intraperitoneally injection of MTX for histopathologic examination and tissue malonaldehyd (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. Results: MTX was found to lead to injury in the jejunal tissues and to increase the MDA levels. Administration of the proantocyanidin decreased the jejunal damage and MDA level which was caused by MTX treatment and increased SOD an GPx levels. Conclusions: These results suggest that proanthocyanidin may protect the small intestine of rats from MTX-induced damage. The effects of proanthocyanidin could be resulted from antioxidant properties of the proanthocyanidin. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Efficacy of drug alvet-suspension when strongylatosis the digestive tract of sheep under conditions west Kazakhstan region

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Кужебаева ◽  
U. Kuzhebaeva ◽  
Кармалиев ◽  
R. Karmaliev
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Oral Suspension ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
West Kazakhstan

Objective of research. The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of alvetsuspension when strongylatosis the digestive tract of sheep. Materials and methods. Test alvet-suspension was carried out in LLP “Diet” West Kazakhstan region 40 sheep, spontaneously infested strangulate of the digestive tract. Sheep were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each. The sheep of the first group asked alot oral-suspension in a dose of 5 mg/kg on ET rate of 0.05 ml/kg Animals of the second group was administered ivermec 1% solution intramuscularly in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg at ET rate of 0.02 ml/kg of Levamisole was administered subcutaneously to sheep 3-the third group at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg at a rate of 0.1 ml/kg Animals of the fourth group was used and served as control. The effectiveness of the drugs considered through 18 days after deworming according to the results Koprivshtitsa studies by flotation using counting chambers WIKIS and efficiency calculation type “control test”. Results and discussion. Extendedrequest (EE) and intensifications (IE) alvita-suspension was respectively 90 and 96 %. 9 out of 10 treated Alvestam-suspension of the first group of animals freed from worms. In the second group, which used ivermec, worming released 9 of the 10 treated animals. EE and IE was 90 and 95 %. In the third group, which used the levamisole, the worms have released 7 of the 10 treated animals. EE and EI were 70 and 78 %. The low efficiency of levamisole compared with other drugs can be explained by the development of resistance to the action of strongest of the digestive tract, as this anthelmintic was used previously. During the experience the invasion of animals of the control groups were not significantly changed. Alvetsuspension 10 % in a dose of 5 mg/kg in a production environment is a highly effective drug when strongylatosis the digestive tract of sheep.

scholarly journals Oxymatrine Reverses Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Ameliorating the Immune Response for Gentamicin Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songyao Kang ◽  
Chen Gao ◽  
Fengtng Lang ◽  
Yuwei Chen ◽  
Hongxia Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Aminoglycoside Antibiotic ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Gentamicin Treatment ◽  
Quinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Gentamicin Therapy

Abstract Background: The aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin (GM) is widely used to fight infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. However, its clinical application is limited by serious side effects. Based on this, this study aims to screen drugs that have protective effects on gentamicin-induced kidney injury. Methods : After screening a series of candidate compounds, we found that a natural quinoline alkaloid-oxymatrine showed well protective effects on GM-induced kidney injury. We used gentamicin (100 mg/ kg/d, 7 days) treatment to establish a rat model of kidney injury, and set up control groups and oxymatrine-pretreatment groups to study the protective effect of oxymatrine on kidney injury.Methods: After screening a series of candidate compounds, we found that a natural quinoline alkaloid-oxymatrine showed well protective effects on GM-induced kidney injury. We used gentamicin (100 mg/ kg/d, 7 days) treatment to establish a rat model of kidney injury, and set up control groups and oxymatrine-pretreatment groups to study the protective effect of oxymatrine on kidney injury.Results: The results indicated that Gentamicin treatment of normal rats produced marked renal damage and resulted in significant elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, as well as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. Oxymatrine co-administration could decrease levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (All P <0.01 or P <0.001), as well as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. In addition, oxymatrine treatment significantly reduced the expression of Bax and NF-κB mRNA in the kidney (both P <0.01), and increased the expression of Bcl-2, Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA.Conclusions: The results demonstrate that oxymatrine down-regulates the inflammatory response and reduces the apoptosis by activating antioxidant defense, thereby reducing gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals The efficiency of vaccination against cattle necrobacteriosis using an experimental vaccine with a new adjuvant complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4826-4829
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Gryn ◽  
Evgenia V. Markova ◽  
Valentina I. Klyukina ◽  
Nikolay V. Melnik ◽  
Roman N. Melnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Stability ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Observation Period

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of the adjuvant complex based on saponin, glycerin and chitosan in the experimental series of an inactivated vaccine against cattle necrobacteriosis. 4 groups of animals (30 in each group) were selected for the study, aged 6 to 24 months. The first (1st) group consisted of calves 6 months old, the second (2nd) group consisted of animals 12 months old and the third group – animals 24 months old. The control 4 (fourth) group (non-vaccinated animals) contained 10 animals of each age group – 6, 12 and 24 months old. The animals were vaccinated using a needle-free injector at a dose of 0.4 cm3 in two points at a distance of 7–10 cm (0.2 cm3 each) twice at intervals of 4-6 weeks. Revaccinated after 6 months, with a single dose of 0.4 cm3 (at two points, 0.2 cm2 each). It was found that the vaccine with the multicomponent adjuvant had low viscosity and hardening temperature, moderate reactivity, high stability during storage, prolonged immunity in vaccinated animals. The immunity in animals was detected 21 days after the first vaccine administration and lasted at least 18 months after the last immunization. The necrobacteriosis incidence in animals of the control non-vaccinated group was 70-80%. During double vaccination, the average level of postvaccinal agglutinating antibodies in serum of experimental groups of animals was 312.08±74.12 – 62.13±69, 07. Humoral response in vaccinated animals provided reliable protection against Fusobacterium necrophorum disease within two years (observation period). Absence of disease symptoms in vaccinated animals during 2 years testified to the high preventive efficiency of the vaccine. The results obtained confirm the validity of the application of multicomponent adjuvant in inactivated sorbed vaccine as a means of specific prevention of animal necrobacteriosis.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

The Protective Effect of Metformin against Oxandrolone-Induced Infertility in Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulqader Fadhil Abed ◽  
Yazun Bashir Jarrar ◽  
Hamzeh J Al-Ameer ◽  
Wajdy Al-Awaida ◽  
Su-Jun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Rt Pcr

Background: Oxandrolone is a synthetic testosterone analogue that is widely used among bodybuilders and athletes. However, oxandrolone causes male infertility. Recently, it was found that metformin reduces the risk of infertility associated with diabetes mellitus. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of metformin against oxandrolone-induced infertility in male rats. Methods: Rats continuously received one of four treatments (n=7) over 14 days: control DMSO administration, oxandrolone administration, metformin administration, or co-administration of oxandrolone and metformin. Doses were equivalent to those used for human treatment. Subsequently, testicular and blood samples were collected for morphological, biochemical, and histological examination. In addition, gene expression of the testosterone synthesizing enzyme CYP11A1 was analyzed in the testes using RT-PCR. Results: Oxandrolone administration induced male infertility by significantly reducing relative weights of testes by 48%, sperm count by 82%, and serum testosterone levels by 96% (ANOVA, P value < 0.05). In addition, histological examination determined that oxandrolone caused spermatogenic arrest which was associated with 2-fold downregulation of testicular CYP11A1 gene expression. However, co-administration of metformin with oxandrolone significantly ameliorated toxicological alterations induced by oxandrolone exposure (ANOVA, P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Metformin administration protected against oxandrolone-induced infertility in male rats. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the protective effect of metformin against oxandrolone-induced infertility among athletes.

Gastrointestinal Protective Effect of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd Leaf Extract Against Indomethacin and HCl-EtOH Induced Ulcers

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Shweta Jain ◽  
Sourabh Jain ◽  
Nagendra S. Chauhan ◽  
Ankur Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Western India ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
North Western

Background: Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. (Rhamnaceae) is a straggling shrub or a small tree, armed with spines, found throughout north western India, Pakistan and China. Methods: The aerial and root barks, leaves and fruits of Zizyphus species are used in medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as weakness, liver complaints, obesity, diabetes, skin infections, fever, diarrhea, insomnia and digestive disorders. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd was prepared by solvent extraction and subjected to study the protective effect against Indomethacin and HCl-EtOH induced ulcer using Ranitidine (100 mg/kg) and Omeprazole (8 mg/kg) as standard respectively. Results: Histopathological lesions with marked disorientation of the gastric epithelium was observed in negative control, while extract treated rats showed a better protected mucosa with intact epithelium in comparison to standard treated rats. Ulcer index and percentage ulcer protection also represent protecting effects of the extract. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Z. xylopyrus (Retz) Willd leaves extract was found to be significantly protective against gastric ulcers.

Efek Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Jantan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Verawaty Verawaty ◽  
Dhea Claudia Novel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan. Hewan percobaan dibagi atas 5 kelompok diantaranya kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif,dosis I (280 mg/kgBB mencit), dosis II (560 mg/kg BB mencit), dosis III (840 mg/kg BB mencit). Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari. Persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan setelah diberikan ekstrak etanol kulit petai pada hari ke-21 adalah dosis I (77,52 %) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan dosis II (69,5 %) dan dosis III (73,37 %). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Two Way Anova dengan program SPSS 17. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai untuk tiga variasi dosis menyatakan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan.</p><p><em>Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) has a compound β-sitosterol and stigmasterol that have efficacy to decreased blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of petai peel for decrease blood glucose levels of male mice induced by alloxan. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups including negative control group, positive control group, the first dose (280 mg/kg in mice), the second dose (560 mg/kg in mice), the third dose (840 mg/kg in mice). The study was conducted for 21 days. After 21 days, the result found that the percentage of blood glucose levels after the male mice given the ethanol extract of petai peel was, the first dose (77.52%) biger than the second dose (69.5%) and the third dose (73.37%). The data obtained were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA using SPSS 17. The results showed that have signicantly difference between three dose variation of ethanol extract of petai peel in blood glucose levels.</em></p>

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