scholarly journals Experimental pleural empyema model in rabbits: Why, how and what are the next steps

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlado Cvijanovic ◽  
Danilo Vojvodic ◽  
Dragan Djurdjevic ◽  
Milena Jovic ◽  
Vojkan Stanic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

Bacgraund/Aim. The use of new therapeutic methods to prevent development of fibrothorax as the final complication of the human pleural infections requires research with experimental animals. The aim of this study was to standardize the procedures for the establishment of our own experimental model of empyema in rabbits, since it should be able to offer similar conditions found in human pleural infections. Methods. This experiment included 15 chinchilla rabbits, weighing from 2.3 to 2.8 kg. There were 12 rabbits in the experimental group, while 3 rabbits formed the control group. On the first day, we administered 0.4-0.5 mL of turpentine in the right pleural space of the rabbits from the experimental group in order to provoke sterile exudative pleurisy. After 24 h we injected 1 mL of Staphylococcus aureus and 1 mL of Escherichia coli bacteria in the same concentration of 4.5 x 108 bacteria/mL. Thoracocentesis for the pleural fluid analysis was performed 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after bacteria instillation. In these pleural samples we estimated the number of leucocytes and the values of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose and pH in pleural fluid, as well as the presence of bacteria. We did not protect the animals with antibiotics, and on the day 7 of the experiment they were sacrificed with the lethal dose of barbiturate (iv). The lung from the empyemic side of all experimental animals and the lung of one control animal were histopathologically examined. Results. A total of 4 animals had a small amount of clear pleural fluids or there was no fluid obtained with thoracocentesis 24 and 48 h after the bacteria instillation. after the bacteria instillation. In the remaining 8 rabbits 24 h after bacteria administration the mean values (? SD) of the parameters monitored were as follows: Le 34.75 ? 6.13 x 109/L, LDH 17,000 ? 4,69 U/L, glucose 1.23 ? 0.45 mmol/L, and pH 6.975 ? 0.15. The obtained values met the criteria for the evaluation of effusion as pleural empyema or complex and complicated pleural effusion (LDH > 1000 U/L, glucose < 2.31 mmol/L and pH < 7.20). Bacterial cultures were positive in 5 out of 8 first pleural samples and in only 2 samples after 48 h of bacteria administration. There was a positive correlation between the number of leukocytes and the LDH value (r = 0.071, p < 0.001), and a negative correlation between the number of leukocytes and the glucose level (r = 0.864, p < 0.001), and the leukocytes number and pH of the pleural fluid (r = 0.894, p < 0.001). The mean glucose value increased after 48 h (3.23 ? 0.44 mmol/L), and the pH value rose after 72 h (7.22 ? 0.03) which was beyond the empyema level. Conclusion. The creation of the experimental empyema model is a very delicate work with uncertain success. Its value and importance are crucial for pleural pathology research. With the intention to obtain a more empyemic pleural reaction we created a model with two different human pathogen bacteria. We generated the satisfactory results, but not as good as those contained in some of the reference literature data.

scholarly journals The long-term administration of a clinoptilolite-supplemented feed to layers and its effect on performance, haematological parameters and metabolic profile

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Straková ◽  
P. Suchý ◽  
I. Herzig ◽  
V. Šerman ◽  
N. Mas
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

120 selected layers (Bovans Goldline hybrid) aged 19 weeks with an average weight of 1 735 g were divided into two balanced groups: control group (Group C) and experimental (Group E). Layers were reared in three-tier cages with automatic watering, manual feeding, and at controlled light and temperature regimens. One cage accommodated two layers, the floor surface area was 0.1125 m<sup>2</sup> per layer. The experiment started after a 20-day adaptation period with layers aged 22 weeks (Week 22) and ended when layers were 68 weeks old (Week 68). In a period of initiation (i.e. Weeks 19–38), layers were fed the complete feeding mixture N1. Then they received the feeding mixture N2 until the end of the experiment. Feeding mixtures in both groups (C and E) had the same composition; the only difference between mixtures was that the feeding mixture in the experimental group was enriched with 1% clinoptilolite (i.e. the commercially available additive ZeoFeed). Layers received feeding mixtures and drinking water <I>ad libitum.</I> In the course of the experimental period, control layers laid 16 289 eggs while experimental layers laid 16 474 eggs. It follows from the results that the laying intensity in experimental layers was 1.7% higher as compared to control layers, i.e. the number of laid eggs in experimental layers increased by 5.6 eggs per layer. The mean weight of all laid eggs was 66.3 ± 6.25 g in the control group and 65.6 ± 5.44 g in the experimental group (<I>P</I> ≤ 0.01). Such performance was achieved at the consumption of feeding mixture being 141.7 g per laid egg in the control group and 137.6 g per laid egg in the experimental group. The consumption of feeding mixture in the experimental group was 4.1 g lower than that in the control group. The mean values of parameters monitored in blood plasma such as uric acid, cholesterol, glucose, lactose, calcium, phosphorus, ALP, and LDH in both groups of layers ranged within reference intervals, with no significant differences being detected between both groups.However, statistically significant differences between both groups were found in total plasma protein (<I>P</I> ≤ 0.01), triacylglycerol levels (<I>P</I> ≤ 0.05), and magnesium (<I>P</I> ≤ 0.01), which were elevated in the control group, and in AST (<I>P</I> ≤ 0.05) whose level in the control group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group. The results of haematological tests performed with layers’ blood revealed statistically significant changes in parameters such as the erythrocyte count (<I>P</I> ≤ 0.01), haemoglobin level (<I>P</I> ≤ 0.01), and MCHC (<I>P</I> ≤ 0.05), which were elevated in the experimental group, and in the leukocyte count (<I>P</I> ≤ 0.05), which was lower in the experimental group, as compared with the control. However, the values found varied within physiological ranges.

scholarly journals Comparison of Orthodontic Root Resorption of Root-filled and Vital Teeth Using Micro–computed Tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Kolcuoğlu ◽  
Aslihan Zeynep Oz
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the difference in orthodontic root resorption between root-filled and vital teeth. Material and Methods Sixteen individuals who required bilateral premolar tooth extraction due to orthodontic treatment and had a previously root-filled premolar tooth on one side were included in the study. The experimental group consisted of root-filled premolar teeth, and the control group consisted of contralateral vital premolar teeth. A 150-g buccally directed force was applied to these teeth using 0.017 × 0.025-inch TMA cantilever springs. The premolars were extracted 8 weeks after the application of force. Images were obtained using micro–computed tomography. Resorption measurements were obtained using the Image J program. Results The mean values for resorption were 0.08869 mm3 for the root-filled teeth and 0.14077 mm3 for the contralateral teeth, indicating significantly less resorption for the root-filled teeth compared with the contralateral teeth after the application of orthodontic force (P = .003). In both groups, the most resorption was seen on the cervical-buccal and apical-lingual surfaces. The mean resorption value of the cervical region was 0.06305 mm3 in the control group and 0.0291 mm3 in the experimental group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = .002). Conclusions Root-filled teeth showed significantly less orthodontic root resorption than vital teeth.

scholarly journals Abuse of Alabukun consumption: A biochemical and histomorphological study in Rattus norvegicus rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 037-042
Author(s):  
Emmanuel TonbraEgoro ◽  
Ikhide Godwin Ilegbedion ◽  
Prudence NkemdinimOkara
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Biochemical Finding ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was aimed on the biochemical and histomorphological study of abuse in the consumption of alabukun powder in Rattus norvegicus rats. Five milliliter of blood specimen was collected into lithium heparin bottles from seven rats weighing 240±2g respectively with each of them administered with 0.2mg/kg alabukun powder daily for a period of two weeks (experimental group) while another seven rats weighing 240±2g each were not administered with alabukun powder (control group). Thereafter alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine and C-reactive protein were measured quantitatively in both groups of rats. The mean values of all the measured biochemical parameters in Rattus norvegicus rats in the experimental group were statistically significant (p<0.05) as compared to that in the control group. This established biochemical finding was in conformity with the histomorphological examination of the kidney and liver organs. In conclusion, this study has established that administration of 0.2mg/kg of alabukun powder on daily basis for a period of two weeks on Rattus norvegicus rats may induce hepato-renal and inflammatory disorders. It is thus recommended that consumption of alabukun powder by humans should strictly be in compliance with its prescription. However, kidney, liver and inflammatory biomarkers should be quantitatively measured in humans that have abused its consumption with a view to ascertain their health status and prevent any deleterious risks.

scholarly journals Assessment of selected biochemical parameters among food hawkers along the streets of Yenagoa Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Tonbra Egoro ◽  
Emmanuel Sunday Oni ◽  
Otaraku Jonathan Oye ◽  
Annabel Awele Idama
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was aimed on assessment of selected biochemical parameters among food hawkers along the streets of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Five milliliter of blood specimen was collected from fifteen food hawkers with ≤ 5 years working experience (experimental group one), ≥ 5 years working experience (experimental group two) and nonfood hawkers (control group) respectively into lithium heparin anti-coagulated bottles. Thereafter alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine and C-reactive protein were measured quantitatively. The mean values of volunteers in experimental group one showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in alanine aminotransferase (7.46 ± 1.02), aspartate aminotransferase (7.02 ± 0.86), urea (7.70 ± 1.29) and creatinine (70.44 ± 3.54) as compared with the control group (7.42 ± 0.98), (6.98 ± 0.82), (7.65 ± 1.28) and (70.40 ± 3.52) respectively, but there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in C-reactive protein (17.40 ± 1.98) when compared with the control group (2.70 ± 0.70). However, the mean values of food hawkers in experimental group two showed statistically significant difference (p< 0.05) in all the measured biochemical parameters 27.70±2.98, 21.40±2.06, 15.50±2.02, 110.70±3.74, 29.42±3.20 as compared with that of the control group 7.42±0.98, 6.98±0.82, 7.65±1.28, 70.40±3.52, 2.74±0.70. The volunteers in experimental groups one and two showed 13% -27% and 53% -80% abnormal values of the measured biochemical parameters respectively as compared with that of the control group. In conclusion, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine and C-reactive protein may be altered in food hawkers with ≥ 5 years working experience. It is therefore recommended that food hawkers in this category should go for hepato-renal and inflammatory biochemical parameters checkup occasionally in any registered and licensed Medical Laboratory Facility.

scholarly journals Effects of Eight Week Plyometric Study on the Balance Performance of Hearing Impaired Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersin Nacaroglu ◽  
Onder Karakoc
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Anterior Posterior

This is an experimental study and it was aimed to identify the effects of 8-week plyometric training of hearing-impaired athletes on balance. 24 Male hearing-impaired volleyball players participated in the study. Random method was used when experimental and control groups were identified. Subjects used in the study were divided into two groups as experiment (12 male age = 19.08 ± 1.62) and control group (12 male age = 17.75 ± 1.28). 3 days/90 min. volleyball training programme was applied for two groups per week.For the experimental group, plyometric training was applied after warming before the volleyball training sessions. The control group continued their regular volleyball training. Statistical results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and p <0.05 significance level. Because the pre-test and post-test measurements of the groups were normal and homogeneous distribution, the Paired Samples T-Test was applied for the significance between them. To analyze the differences between the experimental group and control group, Independent Samples T-test was used.As a result of the plyometric exercises, the mean values of the pre-test and post-test differences of the static balance measurement parameters for the experimental and control groups were found to be significant in the values of overall stability R, medial lateral R, and overall stability L values (p <0.05). But, in the mean values, there was no significance of anterior posterior R., anterior posterior L. and medial lateral L. mean (p> 0.05).Consequently, it can be said that plyometric exercises have a positive effect especially on static balances of hearing-impaired volleyball players.

Rorschach Characteristics in Adolescents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santoantonio ◽  
L. Yazigi ◽  
E. I. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics in adolescents with SLE. The research design is a case-control study by means of the Rorschach Method and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Study group: 30 female adolescents with lupus, 12–17 years of age. The SLE Disease Activity Index was administered during the period of psychological evaluation. Control group: 32 nonpatient adolescents were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic level. In the Wechsler Intelligence Scale the mean IQ of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (77 and 98, respectively, p < .001). In the Rorschach, the lupus patients showed greater difficulty in interpersonal interactions, although they displayed the resources to process affect and to cope with stressful situations. A positive moderate correlation (p = .069) between the activity index of the disease and the affect constriction proportion of the Rorschach was observed: the higher the SLEDAI score, the lower the capacity to process affect. There is a negative correlation between the activity index of the disease and the IQ (p = .001): with a higher activity index of the disease, less intellectual resources are available.

Protective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Against TramadolInduced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Albrakati
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Kidney Function Tests ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
The Mean

Tramadol, a broadly in recent years, is an effective analgesic agent for the treatment of moderate to acute pain. Its metabolites are excreted by the kidney which may cause nephrotoxicity. Moringa oleifera leaves are commonly used to provide herbal and plant-derived medicinal products especially in developing nations. The present study was carried out to determine the biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney of tramadol-treated albino mice and to evaluate the possible protective role of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity. Twenty adult albino mice were divided into four groups. Control group (group i) received daily intraperitoneal injection of normal saline only, group ii received oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (20 mg/kg/bw) for three weeks, group iii received daily intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw) for the same period, group iv, received daily oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, (20 mg/kg/bw) three hours before injecting intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw), for the same period. Blood samples were withdrawn at the end of the experiment for kidney function tests and specimens from the kidney were processed for histological study. No significant differences in the mean values of the kidney function tests were noticed between Moringa oleifera group and control group. However, there was highly significant increase in the mean values of serum, urea and creatinine in tramadol-treated group as compared to the control group. Although tramadol + Moringa oleifera group revealed significant difference in the mean values of urea and creatinine when compared with tramadol-treated group. So, Moringa oleifera leaves extract have been shown to attenuate the renal dysfunction, improve the renal architecture, with nearly normalization of serum urea and creatinine levels which indicate improvement of renal function. In conclusion, in the light of biochemical results and histological findings, co-administration of Moringa oleifera leaves lessened the negative effects of tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity; possibly by its antioxidant action. Further investigation of these promising protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced renal injury may have considerable impact on developing an adjunct therapy aiming to improve the therapeutic index of some nephrotoxic drugs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Game-Based, Modeling, and Collaborative Learning Methods on the Achievements, Motivations, and Visual Mathematical Literacy Perceptions

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402110035
Author(s):  
Aziz İlhan
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Conventional Instruction ◽  
Game Based Learning ◽  
Mathematical Literacy ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Learning Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of geometry instruction activities conducted in nature based on modeling, game-based, and cooperative learning methods on achievement, mathematical motivation, and visual mathematical literacy perceptions of third-grade elementary school students. The present study is a quantitative study conducted with a pre-test/post-test experimental design with a control group. The study was conducted with 61 students (35 students in the experimental group and 26 students in the control group). Modeling-, game-, and collaborative learning-based activities were conducted with the students in the experimental group. It was determined that the achievements of students who were instructed with modeling-based activities in geometry were high when compared to that of the students instructed with collaborative learning- and game-based methods, and those in the control group where no intervention was applied. This group was followed by the game-based and collaborative learning groups. Based on the variable of motivation, the mean motivation of the students in the modeling group was higher when compared to that of the students in the collaborative learning, game-based, and conventional instruction groups. This group was followed by the collaborative and game-based learning groups. Also, based on the visual mathematical literacy perception variable, the mean visual mathematics literacy perception of the students in the collaborative learning group was higher when compared to that of the students in the groups where the modeling, game-based, and conventional instruction methods were used. This group was followed by the modeling and game-based learning groups.

Effect of Medialization of the Trochlear Groove and Lateralization of the Tibial Tubercle on TT-TG Distance: A Cross-sectional Study of Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Knees

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652098781
Author(s):  
Mathias Paiva ◽  
Lars Blønd ◽  
Per Hölmich ◽  
Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod
Keyword(s):  
Trochlear Dysplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Tibial Tubercle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Background: Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is often used as a measure of lateralization of the TT and is important for surgical planning. Purpose: To investigate if increased TT-TG distance measured on axial magnetic resonance images is due to lateralization of the TT or medialization of the TG. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 84 knees (28 normal [NK], 28 with trochlear dysplasia [TD], and 28 with patellar dislocation without TD [PD]) were examined. The medial border of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was chosen as the central anatomic landmark. The distance from the TT to PCL (TT-PCL) was measured to examine the lateralization of the TT. The distance from the TG to the PCL (TG-PCL) was measured to examine the medialization of the TG. Between-group differences were investigated by use of 1-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean values for TT-TG distance were 8.7 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 12.1 ± 6.0 mm for PD, and 16.7 ± 4.3 mm in the TD group ( P < .01). The mean values for TT-PCL distance were 18.5 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 18.5 ± 4.5 mm for PD, and 21.2 ± 4.2 mm in the TD group ( P = .03). The mean values for TG-PCL distance were 9.6 ± 3.0 mm for NK, 7.1 ± 3.4 mm for PD, and 5.1 ± 3.3 mm in the dysplastic group ( P < .01). Conclusion: The present results indicate that increased TT-TG distance is due to medialization of the TG and not lateralization of the TT. Knees with TD had increased TT-TG distance compared with the knees of the control group and the knees with PD. The TT-PCL distance did not differ significantly between groups, whereas the TG-PCL distance declined with increased TT-TG.

scholarly journals Association Between Osteoarticular Scores and Acute Phase Reactant Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Kafeđiska ◽  
Dejan Spasovski ◽  
Todor Gruev ◽  
Mane Grličkov ◽  
Kočo Cakalaroski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Phase Reactant ◽  
The Mean

Association Between Osteoarticular Scores and Acute Phase Reactant Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis The aim of this prospective control study was a quantitative evaluation of the activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in certain time intervals, using articular indexes (set of 28 sensitive and 28 swollen joints), laboratory parameters (Hb, Hct, Er, Le and Plt) and acute phase reactants (ESR, RF, CRP); to determine which of the acute phase reactants is the most useful biochemical marker for the evaluation of disease activity in RA; to quantify the therapeutical and laboratory differences in certain time intervals in the group with and without immunomodulatory therapy with Methotrexate. Sixty patients with RA were included, 27 of who were treated with non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Methotrexate (MTX). The control group consisted of 33 patients treated only with NSAIDs because of irregular controls. In the first group of patients the disease activity was estimated at four time intervals, and in the control group of patients at three time intervals following the scores of the articular indexes, blood cell counts, ESR and CRP in every patient. In the first group of patients decreased activity of RA was found upon every following control with a consecutive decrease in mean values of the scores of articular indexes with statistically significant differences at the four time intervals. Considering laboratory parameters, there were statistically significant differences in the mean values of Hb, Er, Plt, ESR, (p=0.0462, p=0.0076, p= 0.0058, p= 0.0003). Mean values of CRP did not show statistically significant differences, but the number of patients who were CRP negative increased (there were great standard deviations). In the group of patients treated only with NSAIDs, there were statistically significant differences in the mean values of the scores of articular indexes with an increse at every following control (in favour of progression of the disease). There were no statistically significant differences considering blood cell counts, ESR and CRP (in favour of permanently active disease). In conclusion, CRP is the most useful marker for the prospective follow-up of patients with RA.

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