Timour the Tartar and Poe's Tamerlane

Martin Staples Shockley

doi:10.2307/459021

The 2016 Police and Crime Commissioner elections

Safer Communities ◽

10.1108/sc-01-2017-0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 41-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter Joyce

Keyword(s):

Public Awareness ◽

Primary Source ◽

Source Material ◽

Content Type ◽

The Public ◽

The Social ◽

Key Issues ◽

The Subject ◽

The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the 2016 elections for Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) and to compare them with those that took place in 2012. It seeks to evaluate the background of the candidates who stood for office in 2016, the policies that they put forward, the results of the contests and the implications of the 2016 experience for future PCC elections. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based around several key themes – the profile of candidates who stood for election, preparations conducted prior to the contests taking place, the election campaign and issues raised during the contests, the results and the profile of elected candidates. The paper is based upon documentary research, making particular use of primary source material. Findings The research establishes that affiliation to a political party became the main route for successful candidates in 2016 and that local issues related to low-level criminality will dominate the future policing agenda. It establishes that although turnout was higher than in 2012, it remains low and that further consideration needs to be devoted to initiatives to address this for future PCC election contests. Research limitations/implications The research focusses on the 2016 elections and identifies a number of key issues that emerged during the campaign affecting the conduct of the contests which have a bearing on future PCC elections. It treats these elections as a bespoke topic and does not seek to place them within the broader context of the development of the office of PCC. Practical implications The research suggests that in order to boost voter participation in future PCC election contests, PCCs need to consider further means to advertise the importance of the role they perform and that the government should play a larger financial role in funding publicity for these elections and consider changing the method of election. Social implications The rationale for introducing PCCs was to empower the public in each police force area. However, issues that include the enhanced importance of political affiliation as a criteria for election in 2016 and the social unrepresentative nature of those who stood for election and those who secured election to this office in these contests coupled with shortcomings related to public awareness of both the role of PCCs and the timing of election contests threaten to undermine this objective. Originality/value The extensive use of primary source material ensures that the subject matter is original and its interpretation is informed by an academic perspective.

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The Role of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in the Response to Infection

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2020.585402 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Courtney B. Johnson ◽

Jizhou Zhang ◽

Daniel Lucas

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Critical Role ◽

Primary Source ◽

Bone Marrow Microenvironment ◽

Future Research ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Hematopoietic Stem

Hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) is the primary source of immune cells. Hematopoiesis is regulated by a diverse cellular microenvironment that supports stepwise differentiation of multipotent stem cells and progenitors into mature blood cells. Blood cell production is not static and the bone marrow has evolved to sense and respond to infection by rapidly generating immune cells that are quickly released into the circulation to replenish those that are consumed in the periphery. Unfortunately, infection also has deleterious effects injuring hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), inefficient hematopoiesis, and remodeling and destruction of the microenvironment. Despite its central role in immunity, the role of the microenvironment in the response to infection has not been systematically investigated. Here we summarize the key experimental evidence demonstrating a critical role of the bone marrow microenvironment in orchestrating the bone marrow response to infection and discuss areas of future research.

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Trends in Adoption of Farm Technology: An Overview of Survey in Bhagalpur District of Bihar

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i630559 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 56-62

Author(s):

Shivam Kumar ◽

S. R. Singh ◽

Chaitali Kumari ◽

Aabha .

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Primary Source ◽

Marketing Channel ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Large Area ◽

New Techniques ◽

New Crops ◽

High Yielding Varieties ◽

Weather Variations

Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for rural areas in Bihar. Agriculture being mostly dependent on monsoon is highly affected by scanty rainfall, weather variations, flood, etc. The study was conducted in Bhagalpur district of Bihar to assess role of different technologies in enhancing income and mitigate challenges faced by farmers. Three villages of Sabour block in Bhagalpur district namely Farka, Ghospur and English were selected for study. A total of 150 farmers (50 from each village) were selected randomly and data was collected using semi-structured interview schedule. Production innovations like high yielding varieties, new techniques, and home-made remedies of costly designs were identified, along with a marketing channel to sell vegetables from diara region. Some new crops like strawberry and fruits plantation in large area seemed to have good scope; poultry business also appeared to be promising. Some constraints were also identified which when rectified can give new potentials to agricultural production in this area.

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Pharmacists’ Perception of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11541

Author(s):

Tamara Al-Daghastani ◽

Odate Tadros ◽

Shereen Arabiyat ◽

Deema Jaber ◽

Husam AlSalamat

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Primary Source ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Survey Study ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Second Wave

Objectives: To analyze the role of pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic, to measure pharmacists’ attitude toward COVID-19 safety measures (wearing masks, wearing gloves, isolation shield, good hygiene, etc.), and explore their perspectives regarding a second wave of the virus. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey study was conducted in Jordan during the COVID-19 outbreak in July 2020 to discuss Jordanian pharmacists’ awareness of safety at their workplace during the COVID-19 outbreak, their sources of information, and their predictions for COVID-19 vaccination. Results: The participants (n = 311) were all pharmacists mostly aged between 23–30 years old (45%) and female (83%). The primary source of information about COVID-19 was social networking (38.9%). Pharmacists were committed to social distancing (86.5%) and wearing masks (76.2%). They expressed levels of agreement to their role in decreasing COVID-19 spread (94.2%) and correcting false information (94.5%); they expressed levels of expectation toward concern about a second COVID-19 wave (83%) that would be more severe than the previous one (43.4%). Pharmacists expected that an influenza vaccine might be helpful in decreasing severity and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic (56.9%). Pharmacists expected COVID-19 vaccine development within 6 months of administering our study survey (84.9%) and that vaccination might be effective in preventing COVID-19 (93%) infection. Conclusion: Pharmacists expressed positive roles on COVID-19 spread through exemplary actions, self-commitment to protection measures, and public health awareness. Social media as a source of health information should be cautiously investigated, and pharmacists should always refer to evidence-based sources. The role of pharmacists is particularly important for the upcoming era of COVID-19 vaccination administration and awareness.

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Peran Perpustakaan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas I Malang dalam meningkatkan literasi informasi narapidana

Jurnal Kajian Informasi dan Perpustakaan ◽

10.24198/jkip.v7i1.19605 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karina Okta Bella ◽

Mutia Indriyani ◽

Chamdi Fajar

Keyword(s):

Information Literacy ◽

Primary Source ◽

Library Science ◽

Class I ◽

Correctional Institution ◽

Literature Study ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Study Results ◽

The Right

Information literacy is a social capital for today's millennials as information literacy can make a difference for a better life. Every individual has the right to obtain and use information, including inmates. However, inmates have limited access to information while in prison; not all useful information can be obtained easily. Based on this fact, research on the role of libraries in improving prisoners' information literacy at the Correctional Institution Class I in Malang is essential to determine the library’s influence on prisoners' information literacy. The purpose of this study was to find out about the role of the library in improving prisoner’s information literacy. This study used the descriptive qualitative method with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and study literature. Study results indicated that the Library of the Correctional Institution Class I in Malang had a role as the primary source of information, a place for creating, and a place that provides learning activities for inmates. Information literacy at the Correctional Institution Class I in Malang applies local wisdom which is not carried out by other specialized libraries, such as library staff that does not have library science education backgrounds, the library collection contains religious, folklore, general knowledge, and skill books. The library’s role in improving information literacy of prisoners can be seen from the works produced by the inmates, such as paintings, plant cultivation, and books that tell about their daily lives in prison. Information literacy is a social capital for today's millennials as information literacy can make a difference for a better life. Every individual has the right to obtain and use information, including inmates. However, inmates have limited access to information while in prison; not all useful information can be obtained easily. Based on this fact, research on the role of libraries in improving prisoners' information literacy at the Correctional Institution Class I in Malang is essential to determine the library’s influence on prisoners' information literacy. The purpose of this study was to find out about the role of the library in improving prisoner’s information literacy. This study used the descriptive qualitative method with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and study literature. Study results indicated that the Library of the Correctional Institution Class I in Malang had a role as the primary source of information, a place for creating, and a place that provides learning activities for inmates. Information literacy at the Correctional Institution Class I in Malang applies local wisdom which is not carried out by other specialized libraries, such as library staff that does not have library science education backgrounds, the library collection contains religious, folklore, general knowledge, and skill books. The library’s role in improving information literacy of prisoners can be seen from the works produced by the inmates, such as paintings, plant cultivation, and books that tell about their daily lives in prison.

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The effect of the trisulfur radical ion on molybdenum transport by hydrothermal fluids

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3318 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria A. Kokh ◽

Clement Laskar ◽

Gleb S. Pokrovski

Keyword(s):

Composition Range ◽

Ion Pairs ◽

Primary Source ◽

Econ Geol ◽

Hydrothermal Conditions ◽

Earth Planet ◽

Porphyry Deposits ◽

Experimental And Theoretical Studies ◽

Partitioning Behavior

Knowledge of molybdenum (Mo) speciation under hydrothermal conditions is a key for understanding the formation of porphyry deposits which are the primary source of Mo. Existing experimental and theoretical studies have revealed a complex speciation, solubility and partitioning behavior of Mo in fluid-vapor-melt systems, depending on conditions, with the (hydrogen)molybdate (HMoO4-, MoO42-) ions and their ion pairs with alkalis in S and Cl-poor fluids [1-3], mixed oxy-chloride species in strongly acidic saline fluids [4, 5], and (hydrogen)sulfide complexes (especially, MoS42-) in reduced H2S-bearing fluids and vapors [6-8]. However, these available data yet remain discrepant and are unable to account for the observed massive transport of Mo in porphyry-related fluids revealed by fluid inclusion analyses demonstrating 100s ppm of Mo (e.g., [9]). A potential missing ligand for Mo may be the recently discovered trisulfur radical ion (S3&#8226;-), which is predicted to be abundant in sulfate-sulfide rich acidic-to-neutral porphyry-like fluids [10]. We performed exploratory experiments of MoS2 solubility in model sulfate-sulfide-S3&#8226;--bearing aqueous solutions at 300&#176;C and 450 bar. We demonstrate that Mo can be efficiently transported by S3&#8226;--bearing fluids at concentrations ranging from several 10s ppm to 100s ppm, depending on the fluid pH and redox, whereas the available data on OH-Cl-S complexes cited above predict negligibly small (<100 ppb) Mo concentrations at our conditions. Work is in progress to extend the experiments to wider T-P-composition range of porphyry fluids and to quantitatively assess the role of S3&#8226;- in Mo transport by geological fluids.<ul><li>1. Kudrin A.V. (1989) Geochem. Int. 26, 87&#8211;99.</li> <li>2. Minubayeva Z. and Seward T.M. (2010) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 74, 4365&#8211;4374.</li> <li>3. Shang L.B. et al. (2020) Econ. Geol. 115, 661&#8211;669.</li> <li>4. Ulrich T. and Mavrogenes J. (2008) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 2316-2330.</li> <li>5. Borg S. et al. (2012) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 92, 292&#8211;307.</li> <li>6. Zhang L. et al. (2012) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 77, 175&#8211;185.</li> <li>7. Kokh M.A. et al. (2016) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 187, 311&#8211;333.</li> <li>8. Liu W. et al. (2020) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 290, 162&#8211;179.</li> <li>9. Kouzmanov K. and Pokrovski G.S. (2012) Soc. Econ. Geol. Spec. Pub. 16, 573&#8211;618.</li> <li>10. Pokrovski G.S. and Dubessy J. (2015) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 411, 298&#8211;309.</li> </ul>

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Storytelling and Narrative Research in Crisis and Disaster Studies

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1615 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandra Jerolleman

Keyword(s):

Primary Source ◽

Community Recovery ◽

The Public ◽

Advocacy Training ◽

The Past ◽

Planning Policy ◽

Fundamental Part ◽

Disaster Studies ◽

The Public Sphere

Storytelling is a common and pervasive practice across human history, which some have argued is a fundamental part of human understanding. Storytelling and narratives are a very human way of understanding the world, as well as events, and can serve as key tools for crisis and disaster studies and practice. They play a tremendously important role in planning, policy, education, the public sphere, advocacy, training, and community recovery. In the context of crises and disasters, stories are a means by which information is transmitted across generations, a key strategy for survival from non-routine and infrequent events. In fact, the field of disaster studies has long relied on narratives as primary source material, as a means of understanding individual experiences of phenomena as well as critiquing policies and understanding the role of history in 21st-century levels of vulnerability. Over the past several decades, practitioners and educators in the field have sought to use stories and narratives more purposefully to build resilience and pass on tacit knowledge.

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Abstract 474: ERK4-deficiency Potentiates the TAC-induced Increase in Collagen1-α 1 Messenger RNA in Mice

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/res.127.suppl_1.474 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 127 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Joelle Trepanier ◽

Dharmendra D Dingar ◽

Marc-Antoine Gillis ◽

Pramod Sahadevan ◽

Yan Fen Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Kinase ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Matrix Protein ◽

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽

Primary Source ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Extracellular Matrix Protein ◽

Systolic And Diastolic Function

Cardiac hypertrophy, a common consequence of cardiopathologies such as hypertension and myocardial infarcts, involves formation of excessive interstitial fibrosis, which may impair cardiac function. Fibroblasts are the primary source of extracellular matrix protein. Extracellular-regulated kinase 4 (ERK4) is an atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The regulation and role of ERK4 in the heart are currently unidentified and its only known target is MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 5 (MK5), a kinase involved in regulating fibroblast function. Following constriction of the transverse aorta (TAC), MK5 haplodeficient mice showed an attenuation of the TAC-induced increase in collagen 1-α 1 mRNA at 2-wk post-TAC and reduced hypertrophy 8-wk post-TAC. Further studies revealed MK5 immunoreactivity in cardiac fibroblasts but not myocytes. MK5 immunoprecipitates from whole heart contain ERK3 immunoreactivity, but not that of ERK4 or p38 MAPK. This study was to examine the role of ERK4 in myocardial structure, function, and remodeling 3-wk post-TAC. At 12 wk of age, echocardiographic imaging revealed systolic and diastolic function in male ERK4 -/- mice were similar to wild-type littermates (ERK4 +/+ ). Three weeks post-TAC, hypertrophy was similar in ERK4 +/+ and ERK4 -/- mice. Transcripts for BNP and βMHC increased to similar extent in TAC- ERK4 +/+ and TAC- ERK4 -/- mice. Two-way ANOVA indicated that ERK4 deficiency altered the effect of TAC on TGFβ 1 and collagen 1-α 1 transcript levels with each being higher in TAC-ERK4 -/- mice. Furthermore, MK5 immunoprecipitates from cardiac fibroblast lysates did not contain ERK4 immunoreactivity. Additional experiments revealed the presence of ERK4 immunoreactivity in myocytes but not fibroblasts. These results suggest 1) ERK4 may be involved in myocyte - fibroblast communication during myocardial remodeling and 2) in cardiac myocytes, ERK4 is part of a novel signaling cascade that does not involve MK5.

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Managing Knowledge-Based Organizations Through Trust

Trust in Knowledge Management and Systems in Organizations ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-126-1.ch001 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maija-Leena Huotari ◽

Mirja Iivonen

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Knowledge Management ◽

Organizational Development ◽

Primary Source ◽

Well Being ◽

Knowledge Generation ◽

Shared Meanings ◽

Organizational Behaviour ◽

Knowledge Based

This chapter provides a comprehensive basis for understanding the role of trust in knowledge management and systems in organizations. The point of departure is the resource and knowledge-based theories of an enterprise that place knowledge generation as the primary source of wealth and social well-being. The authors show the crucial role of the intangible factors of trust, knowledge and information as related to the social capital and the development of the intellectual capital of an organization. The multidisciplinary nature of the concept of knowledge management and of trust is examined by a thorough review of literature. Trust is seen as a situational and contextual phenomena whose impact on the development of an organizational culture and climate and on success with collaborating is explored as related to the relational, cognitive and structural dimensions of social capital. The overall aim is to sustain strategic capability in the networked mode of performing. The importance of normative trust, shared values and shared meanings is stressed as a frame of reference to organizational behaviour and in communities of practice, but also the role of swift trust is highlighted. The authors provide ideas for empirical research to develop theory of the strategic management of knowledge and information and outline implications for practices for the organizational development.

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5. Oil and Political Economy in the International Relations of the Middle East

International Relations of the Middle East ◽

10.1093/hepl/9780198809425.003.0005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 107-131

Author(s):

Giacomo Luciani

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Middle East ◽

International Relations ◽

Political Development ◽

Primary Source ◽

The United States ◽

The Political ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Rentier States

This chapter looks at the role of oil in the political economy and the international relations of the Middle East. Oil is commonly considered a political commodity. Because of its pivotal importance as a primary source of energy, governments are concerned with its continued availability and seek to minimize import dependence. Historically, interest in oil — especially in the United Kingdom and the United States — strongly influenced attitudes towards the Middle East and the formation of the state system in the region, following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Oil also affects the power balance within the region. The polarization in the region between oil-rich and oil-poor states is thus an essential tool of analysis. The parallel distinction between rentier and non-rentier states helps to explain how oil affects the domestic political development of the oil-rich states and influences their regional relations.

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