1981-P: Impaired Exercise Lipid Oxidation Is Associated with Poor Metabolic Health, Not Excess Body Fat Per Se

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1981-P
Author(s):  
AVIGDOR D. ARAD ◽  
FREDERICK J. DIMENNA ◽  
HANNAH D. KITTRELL ◽  
HARRY R. KISSILEFF ◽  
JEANINE ALBU
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Per Se

Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
K N Manolopoulos ◽  
F Karpe ◽  
K N Frayn
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolic Health

scholarly journals Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume in Obesity and Its Relation to Metabolic Health Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Poessel ◽  
Nora Breuer ◽  
Akshita Joshi ◽  
André Pampel ◽  
Arno Villringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist Height Ratio

Smell perception plays an important role in eating behavior and might be involved in body weight gain. Since a body of literature implies that olfactory perception and function is hampered in obesity, we here investigate neuroanatomical correlates of this phenomenon. We assessed olfactory bulb (OB) volume with magnetic resonance imaging in 67 healthy participants with a body mass index (BMI) from 18.9 to 45.4 kg/m2 (mean = 28.58 ± 6.64). Moreover, we obtained psychophysiological data on olfactory ability (Sniffin’ Sticks, Food associated odor test) and self-report measurements on eating behavior. Additionally, we collected parameters associated with metabolic health in obesity (waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, leptin levels, body fat percentage, fat mass index, insulin resistance) to investigate recently proposed mechanistic explanatory models of why olfaction may be altered in obesity. We showed that OB volume was significantly lower in participants with obesity when compared to those of normal weight. Moreover, we found weak to moderate negative correlations between OB volume and BMI and related measures of metabolic health, especially leptin, body fat percentage, waist-height ratio and insulin resistance. However, neither OB volume nor BMI were related to olfactory function in our young and healthy sample. Nevertheless, our results provide first indications that obesity is associated with brain anatomical changes in the OBs.

scholarly journals Association of Percentage Body Fat and Metabolic Health in Offspring of Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuei Chen ◽  
Wen-Hui Fang ◽  
Chung-Ching Wang ◽  
Tung-Wei Kao ◽  
Yaw-Wen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

The partition of nutrients in ewes maintained in a moderate compared with a lean body condition in late pregnancy

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. McNeill ◽  
R. W. Kelly ◽  
I. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Fetal Size ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Free Body

The effect of ewe fatness on fetal weight at term was tested without the confounding effects of placental weight and feed intake. We hypothesised that fetal weights should be similar in fat or lean ewes with placentas of a similar size, and tested the hypothesis by manipulating nutrition so that, at mating, Merino ewes carrying a single fetus were in a medium (score 2·9, liveweight 46·6 kg) or lean (score 2·0, liveweight 40·6 kg) condition. They were maintained at this fatness difference until slaughter at Day 146 of pregnancy when fetal, placental, and maternal tissues were weighed and analysed for composition. Subgroups (n = 8 per fatness group) slaughtered at Day 110, a stage when most placental hypertrophy is complete but the majority of fetal hypertrophy is yet to occur, confirmed that the treatments differed in ewe fatness (3·82 v. 9·19 kg empty-body fat, s.e.m. = 0·960; P < 0·001) but not placental weight (487 v. 538 g, s.e.m. = 41·5, P > 0·05). By Day 146, fatness differences (4·77 v. 9·56 kg empty-body fat, s.e.m. = 0·960, P < 0·001) and placental similarities (434 v. 502 g, s.e.m. = 38·3, P > 0·05) were maintained, and both groups produced fetuses of similar size (4408 v. 4382 g, s.e.m. = 204·6, P > 0·05). However, the fetuses in the lean ewes had 20% less fat/kg fat-free body weight (24 v. 30 g/kg, s.e.m. = 1·3, P < 0·01). Fetal weight was correlated with placental weight (r = 0·70; P < 0·01) but not with ewe fatness. Fetal fatness, however, was correlated with ewe fatness (r = 0·69; P < 0·01). Ewe fatness per se did not influence fetal size but did influence the deposition of fat in the fetus, possibly via a greater ability of fatter ewes to partition more glucose toward their fetus.

Effect of exercise intensity and duration on postexercise metabolism

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2362-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Gore ◽  
R. T. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Male Subjects

Data are reported on the net recovery O2 consumption (VO2) for nine male subjects (mean age 21.9 yr, VO2max 63.0 ml.kg-1.min-1, body fat 10.6%) used in a 3 (independent variables: intensities of 30, 50, and 70% VO2max) x 3 (independent variables: durations of 20, 50, and 80 min) repeated measures design (P less than or equal to 0.05). The 8-h mean excess postexercise O2 consumptions (EPOCs) for the 20-, 50-, and 80-min bouts, respectively, were 1.01, 1.43, and 1.04 liters at 30% VO2max (6.8 km/h); 3.14, 5.19, and 6.10 liters at 50% VO2max (9.5 km/h); and 5.68, 10.04, and 14.59 liters at 70% VO2max (13.4 km/h). The mean net total O2 costs (NTOC = net exercise VO2 + EPOC) for the 20-, 50-, and 80-min bouts, respectively, were 20.48, 53.20, and 84.23 liters at 30% VO2max; 38.95, 100.46, and 160.59 liters at 50% VO2max; and 58.30, 147.48, and 237.17 liters at 70% VO2max. The nine EPOCs ranged only from 1.0 to 8.9% of the NTOC (mean 4.8%) of the exercise. These data, therefore, indicate that in well-trained subjects the 8-h EPOC per se comprises a very small percentage of the NTOC of exercise.

scholarly journals Do Maternal Micronutrient Deficiencies Program the Body Composition and Behavior of the Offspring? Probable Underlying Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (04) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Anand Kumar Kalle ◽  
Shampa Ghosh ◽  
Anju Elizabeth Thomas ◽  
Raghunath Manchala
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractObesity and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes are epidemic in India. Developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, based on epidemiological evidence, associates maternal undernutrition and low birth weight (LBW) of the offspring with increased obesity and diabetes in their later life. Considering widespread maternal micronutrient (MN) deficiencies, LBW, and NCDs in India, we tested the hypothesis, “maternal MN deficiency per se programs the offspring for obesity and increases risk for NCDs in their later life” in rodent models. We showed in Wistar rat offspring that maternal MN (single or combined) deficiency per se: (1) increased body fat (visceral fat) and altered lipid metabolism, (2) decreased lean body and fat free mass, and (3) altered muscle function and altered glucose tolerance/metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Rehabilitation prevented vitamin but not mineral restriction-induced changes in offspring, which showed partial mitigation. Increased oxidative/steroid stress, decreased antioxidant status, and inflammatory state were the associated common mechanisms in the offspring. Our attempts to assess the role of epigenetics showed that folate and/or vitamin B12 deficiencies altered mother’s body composition besides that of the offspring. Additionally, in C57BL/6 mice, B12 deficiency-induced anxiety was observed in mothers and offspring. That expressions of histone modifying enzymes in mice brain and promoter methylation of adiponectin, leptin, and 11βHSD1 genes in rat offspring were altered in MN (B12 and Mg) deficiency suggested that altered epigenetics most likely plays a role in maternal MN deficiency-induced changes in body fat/lipid metabolism and anxiety-like behavior in mothers and offspring.

O-162 Metabolic syndrome prevalence and severity during a randomized controlled three-component lifestyle intervention in women with PCOS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dietz de Loos ◽  
G Jiskoot ◽  
A Beerthuizen ◽  
J Van Busschbach ◽  
J Laven
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Per Se ◽  
One Year

Abstract Study question What is the impact of a three-component lifestyle intervention on the prevalence and severity of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? Summary answer This three-component lifestyle intervention was more successful in improving metabolic health in reproductive-aged women with PCOS compared to minimal treatment. What is known already Women with PCOS have increased risk of MetS, and both PCOS and MetS are associated with excess weight. Moreover, obesity exacerbates many of the metabolic abnormalities associated with PCOS. Multi-component lifestyle interventions are the first line treatment to improve weight. Previous studies in women with PCOS have described improvements in waist circumference, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and fasting insulin after (one-, or two-component) lifestyle interventions. However little is known about changes in the prevalence of MetS, continuous MetS severity z-score (cMetS z-score), different metabolic parameters and the effects of changes in weight per se after three-component lifestyle interventions. Study design, size, duration An randomized controlled trial (RCT) was performed and participants were either assigned to a one-year three-component (cognitive behavioural therapy, diet, exercise) lifestyle intervention (LSI), with or without additional short message service (SMS) support (SMS+ and SMS- respectively), both receiving 20 group sessions, or to care as usual (CAU, control) which consisted of advice to lose weight by methods of their own choosing. Overall, 183 women were included between August 2010 and March 2016. Participants/materials, setting, methods Women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam 2003 criteria, aged 18-38 years, having a wish to conceive and a BMI &gt;25 kg/m² were included at the Erasmus MC, The Netherlands. Outcome variables were evaluated every three months and included anthropometric measurements, ultrasound and an endocrine assessment. Multilevel linear and logistic regression was applied for longitudinal analyses. Main results and the role of chance The cMetS severity z-score decreased more in the SMS+ group vs CAU after one year (-0.39, p = 0.015). MetS changed with -21.6% (p = 0.037), -16.5% (p = 0.190) and +7.0% (p = 0.509) within the SMS-, SMS+ and CAU group respectively. Moreover, a post hoc analysis on the prevalence of MetS for both LSI groups combined vs CAU resulted in a difference of -25.9% (p = 0.046) after one year in favour of the LSI groups. Weight loss per se resulted in significant favourable effects on all metabolic parameters. Limitations, reasons for caution Dropout during lifestyle interventions is unfortunately a common phenomenon, and our RCT also suffered from considerable discontinuation rates which is a limitation. Therefore, we selected a statistical method (multilevel regression modelling) specifically designed to deal with such missing values. Wider implications of the findings These findings confirm that three-component lifestyle interventions aiming at a 5-10% weight loss should be recommended for all women with PCOS in order to improve metabolic health during their reproductive lifespan. Trial registration number NTR2450

scholarly journals Preliminary findings on the role of PLIN1 polymorphisms on body composition and energy metabolism response to energy restriction in obese women

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Ruiz ◽  
E. Larrarte ◽  
J. Margareto ◽  
R. Ares ◽  
P. Alkorta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Induced Changes

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of PLIN1 11482G>A (rs894160) and PLIN1 13041A>G (rs2304795) polymorphisms with body composition, energy and substrate metabolism, and the metabolic response to a 12-week energy-restricted diet in obese women. The study comprised a total of seventy-eight obese (BMI 34·0 (sd 2·8) kg/m2) women (age 36·7 (sd 7) years). We measured weight, height and waist circumference before and after a 12-week controlled energy-restricted diet intervention. Body fat mass and lean mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RMR and lipid oxidation rate were measured by indirect calorimetry. We also analysed fasting plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol and leptin. Women carrying the 11482A allele had a lower reduction in waist circumference than non-A allele carriers (3·2 (sd 0·5) v. 4·6 (sd 0·6) %, respectively, P = 0·047; P for gene–diet interaction = 0·064). Moreover, women with the 11482A allele had a higher decrease in lipid oxidation rate than non-A allele carriers (58·9 (sd 6·7) v. 31·3 (sd 8·2) %, respectively, P = 0·012; P for gene–diet interaction = 0·004). There was no interaction effect between the 13041A>G polymorphism and diet-induced changes on the outcome variables (all P>0·1). These results confirm and extend previous findings suggesting that the PLIN1 11482G>A polymorphism plays a modulating role on diet-induced changes in body fat and energy metabolism in obese women.

The impact of lifestyle and socioeconomic parameters on body fat level in early childhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kryst ◽  
Magdalena Żegleń ◽  
Paulina Artymiak ◽  
Małgorzata Kowal ◽  
Agnieszka Woronkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the differences between selected lifestyle and socioeconomic parameters among preschool (3–7 years of age) children of differing adiposity status. The study was conducted from February to June 2018 in 20 randomly selected kindergartens in Kraków, Poland. Triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal and calf skinfold thicknesses were measured. The sum of all six skinfolds was calculated and the children were subsequently characterized by low (≤–1 SD [standard deviation]), normal (–1 to 1 SD) or high body fat (≥1 SD). Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics were obtained using a questionnaire filled out by the children’s parents or legal guardians. Preschool children in the high adiposity category had, on average, fewer siblings and longer screen time; additionally, their parents had lower education and more often worked in manual jobs, in comparison to the children in the low and average adiposity categories. In conclusion, it was observed that children in different adiposity categories varied in terms of some socioeconomic as well as lifestyle characteristics. Knowledge regarding the influence that those factors can have on the metabolic health of children is essential for children’s present as well as future well-being. Moreover, it can help health care professionals and parents decide what intervention and/ or preventive measures should be undertaken to ensure the best possible outcomes, as the development of successful obesity prevention strategies should rely on evidence-based information. Nonetheless, future research examining the issue of factors influencing the metabolic health of children, as well as these outcomes later in life, is crucial. Well-planned studies including a large number of individuals, as well as longitudinal research, will be particularly beneficial in this regard.

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