The Shape of the Secular City

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Cox
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theological Perspective ◽  
The City ◽  
Biblical Faith ◽  
Modes Of Existence

This chapter describes the shape of the secular city, illustrating two characteristic components of the social shape of the modern metropolis: anonymity and mobility. Not only are anonymity and mobility central. They are also the two features of the urban social system most frequently singled out for attack by both religious and nonreligious critics. The chapter demonstrates how both anonymity and mobility contribute to the sustenance of human life in the city rather than detracting from it, why they are indispensable modes of existence in the urban setting. It also shows why, from a theological perspective, anonymity and mobility may even produce a certain congruity with biblical faith that is never noticed by the religious rebukers of urbanization.

scholarly journals Rat Cities and Beehive Worlds: Density and Design in the Modern City

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-756
Author(s):  
Jon Adams ◽  
Edmund Ramsden
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Social System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Nestled among E. M. Forster's careful studies of Edwardian social mores is a short story called “The Machine Stops.” Set many years in the future, it is a work of science fiction that imagines all humanity housed in giant high-density cities buried deep below a lifeless surface. With each citizen cocooned in an identical private chamber, all interaction is mediated through the workings of “the Machine,” a totalizing social system that controls every aspect of human life. Cultural variety has ceded to rigorous organization: everywhere is the same, everyone lives the same life. So hopelessly reliant is humanity upon the efficient operation of the Machine, that when the system begins to fail there is little the people can do, and so tightly ordered is the system that the failure spreads. At the story's conclusion, the collapse is total, and Forster's closing image offers a condemnation of the world they had built, and a hopeful glimpse of the world that might, in their absence, return: “The whole city was broken like a honeycomb. […] For a moment they saw the nations of the dead, and, before they joined them, scraps of the untainted sky” (2001: 123). In physically breaking apart the city, there is an extent to which Forster is literalizing the device of the broken society, but it is also the case that the infrastructure of the Machine is so inseparable from its social structure that the failure of one causes the failure of the other. The city has—in the vocabulary of present-day engineers—“failed badly.”

scholarly journals Refugees Hosting Other Refugees: Endurance and Maintenance of Care in Ouzaii (Lebanon)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batoul Yassine ◽  
Howayda Al-Harithy ◽  
Camillo Boano
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Spatial Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The City

Abstract This article examines the socio-spatial mechanisms that emerge when refugees host other refugees. It argues that there is an underlying social infrastructure of care that impacts the refugees’ choice of destinations and modes of survival. When refugees host other refugees from close networks of relatives and neighbours, they create their own spatial clusters. In the process, the social infrastructure of care offers one mode of security to vulnerable refugees. Care as a concept and an approach is related to ideas of endurance and maintenance. It facilitates multiple dimensions, from space, to affection and to the everyday. It is able to reconfigure a life possible, life-enduring and a life meaningful in an urban setting. We focus on Ouzaii in Beirut, Lebanon. Ouzaii has been a destination for multiple displaced groups over different periods of time. Ouzaii currently hosts an approximate 10,000 Syrian refugees. They chose Ouzaii as their destination after they were helped by existing refugees who offered shelter and access to jobs. The resultant socio-spatial practices, flourishing businesses and leisurely facilities are evidence of successful social networks that form an infrastructure of care. They also play a role in the reconstitution of Ouzaii itself. We conclude with reflections on how urban informality may offer refugees an alternative right to the city while allowing them to escape the gaze of the humanitarian-aid apparatus that can signify their vulnerability by reducing them to only being aid recipients. Instead, they form protective socio-spatial networks that have proved to be powerful in sustaining their livelihoods, guarding them from possible social discrimination or political threats.

Parameters of the development of social and cultural environment of the city (on the issue of social and cultural urbanism specifics)

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Marina I. Dolzhenkova ◽  
Tatyana G. Bortnikova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
The City

The study is devoted to examining the essence of the phenomenon of social and cultural urbanism – an extensive interdisciplinary field of research devoted to cities and the processes of urban lifestyle formation, urban leisure, overcoming depersonalization, asociality and isolation of citizens, their mutual alienation and antipathy. The modern city is considered as a specific, ration-ally organized territory; a special self-developing whole organism, where a uniquely organized so-cial and patial environment arises, the form of existence of a particular society. The problems of social and cultural urbanism are connected with mass urban culture and leisure, within the frame-work of which projects of recreation zones are being developed that positively affect the develop-ment of urban spaces and communities, making them attractive to residents and tourists. In any urban environment, a special way and type of culture develops; in the structure of the settlement functional clusters are formed that integrate the life, work and leisure of citizens. The quality of human life largely depends on the state of the social and cultural environment created in the city (quality of housing, public services, communications, trade, health care, education, etc.). The ur-ban social and cultural environment is positioned as a complex self-organizing subsystem of the urban structure, characterized by a number of quantitative and qualitative indicators. The urban environment through the methods of people interaction forms a unique social and psychological type of personality, which is characterized by rationality, mobility, willingness to change, the sub-ordination of one’s own interests to the needs of others, the ability to overcome the difficulties of reality. Common problems of the urban social and cultural environment are insufficient cultural and leisure infrastructure; low living standards and purchasing power of the population; lack of sustainable cultural and historical traditions; lack of active partnership between organizations of the spheres of culture, leisure and art in solving city problems.

scholarly journals Conceptual Urban Planning a Prerequisite for Physical Urban Planning

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Varesi ◽  
Mahmoud Mahmoudzade
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
The City

<span lang="EN-US">In the contemporary urban order the rational connection between the physique of the city and its non-physical elements is a major concern. Whatever happens in the existence of a city like the social, cultural, economic and political interactions are the inevitable realities through which the qualification and quantification nature of the city are determined. All occurrences in these realities, the constituent elements, are subject to the structural process which can be regulated as one of the social organization (non-physical) in urban settings, namely the social organization of the city, economic organization of the city and the political organization of the city. These organizations have the ranking in importance according to the city scale. The objective here is to identify these organizations and their contributions in conceptual urban planning. The adopted method here is descriptive-analytic. In a comparative comparison between the physical and non-physical needs of human regarding an urban setting reveals that the non-physical aspect has priority with high importance since its effect on the citizens’ satisfaction is specific and direct.</span>

scholarly journals Reorientasi Maqasid Terhadap Pemikiran Islam Reformis (Studi Pemikiran Maqasid Ibn ‘Ashur)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-94
Author(s):  
Mohamad Anang Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Conservative Group ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Research Theme ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Main Factor

Ibn ‘Ashur is considered as one of the founders of modern Maqasid science which plays a role as a link between the thinking of salaf ulama and contemporary-reformist Islamic thought. This article tries to find the intersection between the maqasid theory and the reformist Islamic movement in the development of the thinking of maqasid Ibn ‘Ashur. This article is written as library research in which the author uses a thematic study of Maqasid as an approach to Islamic studies in three books written by Ibn ‘Ashur, for Searching the correlation of the concept to answer the problems in this study, among others; al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir; Alaysaå al-Subh bi Qarib and Usul al-Nizam al-Ijtima'iy fi al-Islam. And supported by secondary references taken from books and journals related to the research theme. This article finds that Ibn ‘Ashur’s efforts in reorienting Maqasid theory to reformist Islamic thought are seen in the concept of Maqasid al-Qur’an al-’Ammah (objectives general al-Qur'an), which contains the mission of al-Qur'an in efforts to maintain the social system and order of human life. Ibn ‘Ashur's idea regarding the reorientation of the Maqasid theory has succeeded in changing the paradigm of the conservative group so that educational reforms at Zaytunah University can be realized. The main factor that shaped the idea of reorienting maqasid towards reformist thinking was the influence of the Muslim reformist movement and the movement against French colonialism.

scholarly journals SITUS-SITUS MEGALITIK DI KABUPATEN BONE: KAJIAN SEBARAN DAN KRONOLOGI

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Bernadeta AKW
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Social System ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social

Megalithic culture research at Labuaja Site, Kahu sub-district and other sites in Bone Regency aims to determine the distribution and chronology. This research doing by survey and excavation techniques. Archaeological data found from megalithic sites in Bone Regency are presented in descriptive analysis. In addition, C14 analysis was also carried out with charcoal in Beta Analytic Inc. Miami, Florida, USA to find out its absolute date. The results showed that megalithic sites in Bone had a fairly even distribution and occupy the slope to hilltops with a height of 28 - 218 meters above sea level. The results of radiocarbon dating indicate that the age of the site and megalithic culture in Labuaja, Bone ranges from 400 - 190 BP (around the 15th-17th century AD). Based on that date, the megalithic culture in Labuaja began in the golden age of the kingdom of Bone. Megalithic culture in Bone has associations with natural resources such as rivers and rice fields which are very supportive in the activities of human life that depend on agricultural resources. With the exploitation of agricultural resources, thus produce the social system and ideology adopted by the people who reach the Islamic period.  Penelitian kebudayaan megalitik pada situs Labuaja, Kecamatan Kahu dan situs-situs yang lainnya di Kabupaten Bone bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran dan menentukan kronologinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik survei dan ekskavasi. Data arkeologis yang ditemukan dari situs situs megalitik di Kabupaten Bone disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif analisis. Selain itu, dilakukan pula analisis C14 dengan bahan arang di Beta Analytic Inc Miami Florida, USA untuk mengetahui pertanggalan absolutnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa situs-situs megalitik di Bone memiliki sebaran yang cukup merata dan menempati wilayah lereng hingga puncak bukit dengan ketinggian antara 28 – 218 meter di atas permukaan laut. Hasil pertanggalan radiokarbon menunjukkan bahwa umur situs dan kebudayaan megalitik di Labuaja, Bone berkisar antara 400 – 190 BP (sekitar abad ke-15–17 Masehi). Berdasarkan pertanggalan tersebut, kebudayaan megalitik di Labuaja berawal pada zaman keemasan kerajaan Bone. Kebudayaan megalitik di Bone memiliki asosiasi dengan sumber-sumber alam seperti sungai dan persawahan yang sangat menunjang dalam aktivitas kehidupan manusia yang bergantung pada sumber sumber pertanian. Dengan kegiatan eksploitasi sumber pertanian, sehingga melahirkan sistem sosial dan ideologi yang dianut oleh masyarakat yang menjangkau periode Islam.

scholarly journals DAKWAH KENABIAN DAN KONSTRUKSI MASYARAKAT KHAYALAN

TASAMUH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Ishak Hariyanto ◽  
Agus Dedi Putrawan
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Prophetic Preaching ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mutual Action ◽  
The Ideal

The Prophet's missionary journey as an arena for building a humanitarian system that is mutually acceptable and recognizes the values ​​of human equality in the social system is still a deviation, even though life must embrace one another, accept unconditionally and respect human values. Acceptance of fellow humans seems to have become a deviation and even becomes collective amnesia in social life. This collective amnesia is present in human life without realizing that we live in it so that acceptance in the name of the man as a form of hablumminannas is like the construction of a mere imaginary society. The construction of imaginary societies has occurred in Medina as a social institution on the journey of prophetic preaching. Such things occur as a process of living systems; a process of establishing his identity as a social system in building the ideal society that has ever existed on this earth. The Madinah community is a society based on a collective agreement stated in a charter, commonly known as the charter of Medina. Relations between groups are built based on the breath of acceptance among others, because of the awareness of the similarity of the nature and dignity of human beings. Why Medina is referred to as a normal social system identity, not because of the intersubjectivity; acceptability of humans and humans built from all components of the social system is always in communication and mutual action.

scholarly journals Identification of Public Green Open Space in The Merdeka Square Area of Binjai City: Social Reality Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Deni Deni ◽  
Wanda Heria Lestari ◽  
Erna Muliana ◽  
Nasruddin Nasruddin
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
City Community ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Urban Green Open Space has important benefits for the lives of its residents. However, the problem that often arises is that there are many green open spaces in the city only as spaces that are responsive to the climate, environment, and as noise absorbers. Even though its existence is more than that, Green Open Space should also be able to fulfill the social activities of city dwellers in interacting, communicating and other social realities to create positive mental growth for fellow city residents. Architecture can be used as a vehicle to make a place not only a visual use but also can be a benefit for human life in the quality of its social reality. Therefore, research activities are needed by observing the relationship between Green Open Space and social activities of the city community as users to find the identity of the place so that the character is seen as the cause of the place to exist. The research was conducted by adopting a qualitative method that was translated descriptively at certain times in a factual manner so that the audience got a clear picture of the social reality that occurred. The results of the study explain that the pattern of activities that occur interactively on the character of the place provided contextually is intended for teenage visitors. There is no strict place limit between adolescent habitus social activities, this is a stereotype of the arena, capital, and power of adolescents who tend to be free.

Segregation, Caste and Cash: Segrenomics in Detroit

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noliwe Rooks
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social System ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Segregation ◽  
Segregated Schools ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Though in other countries caste is generally understood to name social stratification based on ethnic and/or religious affiliation, in the United States, racial and economic segregation in housing and education are the factors that trap one to the lower rungs of the social system in that nation. Significantly, these caste making levels of segregation are “cash making” for wealthy business concerns. In my earlier work, I have referred to this profit from segregation as, “segrenomics.” In this piece, I offer an example of the mechanics of these relationships relative to segregated schools, caste, and cash making in the city of Detroit, Michigan.

UNIVERSITY CHRONICLE (WARSAW IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY, 1915-1916) BASED ON NEWSPAPER MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Viktoria V. Lobova
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Education ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Academic Year

According to the materials of the periodical press, this article focuses on the period of formation and development of the Warsaw Imperial University in the Don region, and covers in a temporary aspect, the very first in a new place and the most difficult academic year-1915-1916, with its scientific steps and organizational difficulties. The history of the transfer of such a high-ranking University to Rostov-on-Don allows us to reveal and, in fact, show a kind of order of functioning of the social system in the pre-revolutionary period and to understand the nature of the interaction of science and power. The city of Rostov-on-Don itself had undoubtedly received a ready-made higher education institution with its own Charter, curriculum and programs, library and research rooms. This, in turn, certainly facilitated and helped the newly admitted students to obtain higher historical education. However, after moving to Rostov-on-Don, the University immediately lost its grandiosity and pomp that it had had in Warsaw.

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