scholarly journals Aggravation of Aluminum Phosphide Induced Liver Damage and Hematotoxicity in Adult Wistar Rat: The Role of Allium Sativum

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
E. U. Eric ◽  
V. E. Boloya ◽  
A. E. Osuamkpe
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Aluminum Phosphide ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group A ◽  
Animal House

Objectives: To investigate the ameliorative effect of garlic extract on Aluminum Phosphide induced toxicity on the liver and kidney of adult Wistar rats. Materials: Thirty six (36) male adult Wistar rats weighing 180±20 – 250±30 g were purchased from Dantom Farms, Swali, Bayelsa State and moved to the animal house of the department of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University. The animals were assigned into six (6) major groups with six (6) animals in each group after the period of acclimatization: Animals in Group A (Control): received pelleted growers mash (feed) and water. Group B (Positive Control received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide only. Group C: received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide and 250 g of garlic extract. Group D: received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide and 500 mg of garlic extract. Group E: received 500 mg of garlic extract, Group F: received 0.6 ml of oil at the end of the treatment, the liver and the kidney of each sacrificed rat were processed for paraffin sectioning and stained with Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Result: Photomicrograph of the liver of animals in Groups B, C and D show central venous congestion, degeneration, hemorrhage, sinusoidal dilation, bile stasis, centrilobular necrosis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cells and fat infiltration which are features of hepatic injury also photomicrograph of the kidney of animals in Groups B, C and D shows membranous defect, contracted glomeruli with marked presence of mesangial cells, areas of tubular necrosis with mesangial cells proliferation. while the other groups (Group A, E, F) did not show any histological change in comparison with control. Conclusion: The present study proves that the oral ingestion of Aluminum Phosphide induces hepatotoxicity and inflammation of the liver and kidney. It also shows that the use of garlic at various concentrations (250 mg/l and 500 mg/l) aggravates the tissue damage even more, and also garlic extract does not have ameliorative effect on aluminum phosphide toxicity on the liver and kidney of albino wistar rats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Aluminium Phosphide Induced Testicular Toxicity in Wistar Rat: The Role of Allium sativum

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
E. U. Eric ◽  
N. M. Eseimo ◽  
V. F. Josiah
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testicular Toxicity ◽  
Aluminum Phosphide ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Group A ◽  
Animal House

Objectives: To investigate the ameliorative effect of garlic extract on Aluminum Phosphide induced toxicity on the testes of adult Wistar rats. Materials: Thirty (30) male adult Wistar rats weighing 150±20 g – 200±20 g were purchased from Dantom Farms, Swali, Bayelsa State and moved to the animal house of the department of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University. The animals were assigned into six (6) major groups with five (5) animals in each group after the period of acclimatization:  Animals in Group A (Control): received pelleted growers mash (feed) and water. Group B (Positive Control received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide only. Group C: received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide and 250g of garlic extract. Group D: received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide and 500 mg of garlic extract. Group E: received 500 mg of garlic extract, Group F: received 0.6 ml of oil at the end of the treatment, testes of each sacrificed rat was processed for paraffin sectioning and stained with Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Results: Photomicrograph of testesfor animals in Groups B, C and D shows scanty spermatid which is as a result of spermatogenic arrest, thin basement membrane, abnormal structure of the spermatids and hypertrophy of the seminiferous tubules with diameter of 6.1 cm and 4.5 cm respectively, while animals in Group A,E,F shows a normal histology of the testis with the following features; circular and oval profile, closely packed and uniformly spaced with lumen containing numerous  spermatids, with the diameter of seminiferous tubules measuring 2.4 cm – 3 cm. Conclusion: The present study proves that the oral ingestion of Aluminum Phosphide induces hypertrophyin the testes of rats. However it also shows that the use of garlic (Allium sativum) at various concentrations (250 mg/l and 500 mg/l) has a mild ameliorative role on aluminum phosphide-induced testicular toxicity.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Supplement against Acetaminophen - Induced Hepato-Renal Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chukwunyere Ogechi Abaekwume ◽  
Hope Delesi Kagbo
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group B ◽  
Animal House

Background: Recently, many drugs have been developed and used for the treatment of hepatic and renal diseases. Nutmeg apart from being utilized as kitchen spices in Nigeria has also been used for healing and medicinal purposes. Aims: In the present study, nutmeg supplement was evaluated against Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepato- renal-toxicity. Study Design: Twenty (20) adult wistar rats weighing185-220 were obtained from animal house of the department of  Pharmacology University of Port Harcourt were divided into four groups having 5 rats each (n=5). Methodology: The animals were divided into four groups of 5 rats each: Group A (normal control) were administered distilled water, group B (negative control) received a single dose of acetaminophen (1000 mg/kg) for two days. Group C received 500 mg/kg body weight of nutmeg supplement one hour before receiving 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen, while group D received acetaminophen (1000 mg/kg) only on day 1 and 2 and the drug extracts on day 3-7. All dosage was dissolved in distilled water orally. The experiment lasted for seven days. Twenty four hours after drugs administrations the animals in each group were anaesthetized. Blood samples were collected and animals sacrificed, liver and kidney tissues removed for various histopathological, biochemistry, antioxidant and haematological examinations using standard procedures. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Tukey poc-hoc Test. Results: Administration of nutmeg supplement orally effectively restrained APAP-induced alterations in the activities of hepatic (48.60-38.00) and renal markers and Antioxidant enzymes in liver (0.43-0.53). The hepatic and renal architecture of APAP administered rats showed distorted liver and kidney tissues, hepatic vacuolations, destroyed glomerular and renal tubules. Nutmeg+APAP as well as APAP+ Nutmeg administrations were able to ameliorate the effects of APAP administration. Conclusion: The result indicated that APAP overdosed is hepato-renal- toxic and Nutmeg supplement possessed hepato-prote-curative properties as well as renal-prote-curative properties against APAP-induced damage in rats.

scholarly journals Hepato-Renal-Curative Effect of the Herbal Supplement of Aloe vera Linn Gel versus Moringa oleifera on Acetaminophen-Induced Damage on the Liver and Kidney of Wistar Rats (Rattus novergicus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Chukwunyere Ogechi Abaekwume ◽  
Hope Delesi Kagbo
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Herbal Supplement ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Animal House

Background: Acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol) is the most frequently used over-the counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. Conversely, its overdose leads to both liver and kidney damage. Several scientific reports have focused majorly on protective effects of medicinal plants on APAP –induced hepato-renal-toxicity. actually, there is a dearth of work on the hepato-renal-curative effects of the herbal drugs supplements on APAP induced toxicity. Aims: In the present study, Aloe vera (ALOV) gel versus Moringa oleifera (MORN) leaf supplement effects was evaluated curatively against Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepato- renal-toxicity.  Study Design:  This study was an experimental study in the Animal House of the Department of Pharmacology University of Port Harcourt. The work lasted for 7 days. Methodology: Twenty adult wistar rats weighing 185-220 g were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) animals each and treated orally as follows: group 1(normal control) received distilled water (7days), group 2 received 1 g/kg acetaminophen (APAP) (2 days), whereas group 3-4  received APAP (2 days) followed by 500 mg/kg of ALOV and MORN supplements respectively for 5 days. At the end of the experiment, animals from different groups were anaesthesized, the liver and kidney tissues were dissected and blood collected subjected to different biochemical, antioxidants, and histopathological test. Statistical Analysis: was done using One-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s Post-hoc Test. Results: APAP caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in creatinine with significant (P<0.01) increase and decrease in liver enzymes and renal catalase levels respectively in relation to normal control. Treatment of rats with the ALOV and MORN supplements attenuated the elevated liver and kidney biochemistry as well as improved histopathological alterations by APAP treatment. Conclusion: The supplements demonstrated restorative ability. MORN and ALOV supplements extract can be suggested as a convincing remedy against APAP-induced hepato-renal-toxicity.

scholarly journals Low dose bitter leaf improves sperm quality disrupted in immunosuppressed Wistar rats: An experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risikat Eniola Kadir ◽  
Abdulmumin Ibrahim ◽  
Balkis Abimbola Ibrahim ◽  
Sadiya Musa Gwadabe ◽  
Rukayat Jaji-Sulaimon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Synthetic prednisolone (PRED) is a widely used over-the-counter glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids have inhibitory effects on the immune system and are often used as immunosuppressive agents. Suppressed immunity may impact fertility via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Bitter leaf (BL) has been shown to improve sperm parameters, but its effects on immunosuppression-associated infertility have not yet been documented. Objective: To determine the fertility effects of bitter leaf on immunosuppressed Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 5/each). Group A served as a control and were given distilled water in addition to normal feeds, group B received 2 mg/kg PRED for 14 days and served as the standard immunosuppressed group, and groups C-F were immunosuppressed as in B but in addition received 50 mg/kg levamisole, low-dose (250 mg/kg) BL, highdose (375 mg/kg) BL, and low-dose BL + levamisole, respectively. The CD4 counts, hematological parameters, and sperm parameters were analyzed and compared. Results: There were significant decreases in sperm motility, progressive motility, morphology, and life/death ratio in the animals given PRED only compared to the controls (p = 0.002, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.01, respectively). These were significantly increased in the treated groups, and animals given levamisole and 250 mg/kg BL showed significantly increased sperm counts compared to the controls (p = 0.04 and p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: Low-dose BL (250 mg/kg) restored the sperm parameters altered by prednisolone administration. Key words: Bitter leaf, Immunosuppression, Infertility, Prednisolone, Rats.

scholarly journals Memory Improvement Effect of Ethanol Garlic (A. sativum) Extract in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Is Mediated through Increasing of Hippocampal Sodium-Potassium ATPase, Glutamine Synthetase, and Calcium ATPase Activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Semuyaba ◽  
Abass Alao Safiriyu ◽  
Emmanuel Ayikobua Tiyo ◽  
Remón Figueredo Niurka
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Calcium Atpase ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Memory Improvement ◽  
Improvement Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Studies suggest that garlic (A. sativum) improves memory dependent on the hippocampus. However, the effect of ethanol garlic extract on hippocampus Na+/K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase, and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities as possible mechanisms in memory improvement in diabetic Wistar rats has not been reported. Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were divided into three groups with 8 rats each. Group (A), normal control rats, and Group (B), diabetic rats, received 1 ml of normal saline; diabetic rats in Group (C) received 1000 mg/kg of garlic extract orally for 21 days. Hyperglycemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 60 mg/kg followed by 120 mg/kg nicotinamide while extraction of garlic was done by cold maceration method. Memory was tested in all groups. After that, the rats were sacrificed, the brain was removed, and the hippocampi were carefully excised and then homogenized. Activities of Na+/K+ATPase, calcium ATPase, and GS were analyzed from the homogenate. Results showed improvement in memory and a significant increase(P<0.05)in hippocampus Na+/K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase, and GS activities in diabetic rats treated with garlic extract. In conclusion, the increased activity of hippocampus Na+/K+ATPase, calcium ATPase, and glutamine synthetase may account for the memory improvement.

scholarly journals Aqueous Allium sativum (garlic) extract ameliorated CdCl2- induced alterations in blood formation and spermatogenesis in albino rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Edmund Chidiebere Mbegbu ◽  
Rita Ifeoma Odo ◽  
Paul Tobechukwu Ozioko ◽  
Mark Ebubechukwu Awachie ◽  
Lotanna Gilbert Nwobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Blood Formation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Purpose: To investigate the ameliorative effect of aqueous garlic extract (AGEx) on cadmium chloride (CdCl2-induced) alterations in the blood and testicles of rats. Methods: A total of 24 male rats (160 - 200 g), randomly assigned into 4 groups (A - D; n = 6), were used to investigate the claimed protective effect of AGEx on blood and spermatogenic tissues following CdCl2-intoxication in albino rats. The rats in Group A served as controls and were given 5 mg/mL of deionized water. Group B rats were given 300 mg/kg of AGEx. Group C rats were given 2 mg/kg of CdCl2. Rats in Group D first received 2 mg/kg of CdCl2, and 300 mg/kg of AGEx 2 h later. All treatments were done every 48 h for a period of six weeks. Results: CdCl2 administration to group C rats reduced (p < 0.05) haematocrit value (PCV), concentration of haemoglobin (Hb), red cells count (RBC), total leucocytes count (tWBC), eosinophil, neutrophil, testicular weights and sperm reserves; but elevated (p < 0.05) lymphocytes count compared with the controls. AGEx 300 mg/kg in group D rats significantly reversed (p < 0.05) the altered parameters compared with the controls. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that administration of aqueous Allium sativum (garlic) extract to male rats enhances spermatogenesis, and ameliorates testicular and haematological alterations induced by cadmium poisoning. Therefore, the spermatogenic principle in AGEx is a potential candidate for the clinical management of male infertility.

scholarly journals Comparative Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Supplement on Hepato-renal Damages Induced by Acetaminophen Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Chukwunyere Ogechi Abaekwume ◽  
Hope Delesi Kagbo
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Acetaminophen Toxicity ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Liver And Kidney Damage

Background: Acetaminophen toxicity is one of the widespread causes of both planned and unplanned health related issues in the world today. It is a familiar cause of liver and kidney damage particularly in adolescents and children. Aims: With the growing focus in the mitigating and therapeutic roles of herbal drugs in toxicity studies, it is perceptible to investigate the comparative, prophylactic and curative effect of the ginger supplement on acetaminophen-induced liver and kidney damage using wistar rats as model. Methodology: Study Design: Twenty (20) adult male wistar rats weighing185 g-220 g was obtained from animal house of the department of Pharmacology University of Port Harcourt were divided into four groups having five rats each.  Methodology: Twenty adult wistar rats were divided into four (4) groups of five animals each and treated orally as follows: Group A (normal control) received distilled water (7days), group B received 1000mg/kg acetaminophen (APAP) (2 days). Group C Ginger (GINE+APAP) received ginger supplements 500mg/kg respectively one hour before administration of APAP for 7 days, whereas group D received APAP (2 days) followed by 500mg/kg Ginger for 5 days (APAP+GINE). At the end of the experiment, animals from different groups were anaesthesized, blood samples collected, liver and kidney tissues dissected and subjected to different biochemical, antioxidants, and histopathological test. Statistical: Analysis was done using One Way Anova and Tukey’s Post-hoc Test.  Results: APAP caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in creatinine with significant (P<0.01) increase and decrease in liver enzymes and hepatic catalase levels respectively in relation to normal control. Treatment of rats with the ginger supplements attenuated the elevated liver and kidney biochemistry, histopathological alterations by APAP treatment. Conclusively: The extracts demonstrated therapeutic ability and the herbal drugs may be more effective when use prophylactically than curatively. Further research work is needed to validate the finding.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Cholestyramine and Oxihumate on Aflatoxicosis in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Abdel Moneim A Ali
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
First Time

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is widely available mycotoxin that is secreted by certain types of Aspergilli. In this research the ameliorative efficacy of two mycotoxin binders in broilers was evaluated; cholestyramine which was used for the first time in the poultry and oxihumate. A total of 64 one-day-old chicks were divided into four equal groups: birds of group A, B & C were fed on AFB1 contaminated diet at a rate of 2 ppm for 36 days either alone, with cholestyramine at a dose rate of 340µg/kg ration or with oxihumate at a dose rate of 3.5g/kg ration. Group D was kept as control with basal diet of neither toxin nor drug treatment. Morality was highest and the lesions of AFB1 intoxication were pronounced among birds of group A with marked degenerative and necrotic changes in different examined organs. Variable degrees of ameliorative effects of AFB-induced toxic lesions were observed in both treated groups (group B & C) with beneficial effects for cholestyramine. Mild expression of the apoptosis-related marker (p53) was encountered in group B and C relative to AFB1 intoxicated group. Aflatoxin residues were significantly reduced in the bird liver and kidney tissues in the instance of the two antimycotoxin binders. It could be concluded that both cholestyramine and oxihumate have an ameliorative effect for controlling aflatoxicosis with the superiority of cholestyramine in its protective effect. This the first in vivo trail to use cholestyramine as anti-AFB1 agent in poultry

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF TOXICITY PROFILES OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF PIROXICAM IN WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
B. Cletus Lemii ◽  
A. Georgewill Onwunari
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Clinical Dose ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Department Faculty

BACKGROUD: , a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been identified to be one of such drugs with great potentials for abuse, addiction and death as well as complaints on the significant dissimilarities and variations of possible organ toxicities across different brands. This study aimed at evaluating toxicity profiles of different brands of in male rats. Healthy thirty (30) male rats, weighing between 180 and 230grams were procured from the animal house of the Pharmacology department, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences in University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. METHODS: The animals were divided into six (6) groups of five (5) animals each. Group1-control group while group2 to 6 were treatment groups. Thereafter, the clinical dose (0.285mg/kg) of brands (A Brand, B Brand, C Brand, D Brand and E Brand) were administered on treatment groups. The analysis was done at the end of the experiment. RESULT: Reveals that, four out of the fives brands demonstrated significant (p&lt;0.05) toxicities on liver and kidney. Two of the brands has predilection for liver toxicity while another two exhibited kidney toxicities. The heart organ was spared from toxic effects of all the five brand understudied. CONCLUSION: The degree of organ toxicities with different brands of varies, however, certain brands tend to have toxicity predilection for either the liver or kidney.

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