scholarly journals Evaluation of some water saving devices in urban areas: A case study from the Sultanate of Oman

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder A. Abdel Rahman ◽  
Halima A Al-Farsi ◽  
Mushtaque Ahmed ◽  
Matheus F. A Goosen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Line System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Supply Systems

Water Saving Devices (WSDs) sustain demands for potable water, soften impacts on supply systems and inflict a positive effect on wastewater treatment systems. This study evaluated the effect of some WSDs in Oman. A questionnaire survey and some case studies were used. The survey results revealed that the pipe line system network for water supply accounted for about 67.7%, whereas the rest mainly use tankers. Around 37.2% of the participants received consumed 25000 - 45000 liters per household per month. Case studies showed no significant difference in household water usage before and after installation of WSDs due to pre-installed aerators. Toilet bags and dual flush toilets were not effective promoting users to flush. However, WSDs were significantly effective in restaurants, mosques, hotels and government buildings. Water consumption in shopping centres and hospitals slightly decreased. Retrofitting programs that involve replacement of existing plumbing equipment and residential water audit programs are recommended.

scholarly journals Effects of water-saving education in Taiwan on public water knowledge, attitude, and behavior intention change

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hung Wang ◽  
Mei-Chen Chang ◽  
Jia-Ru Liou
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Conservation Education ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Water Literacy ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract This study aims to measure the changes in the water literacy of the subjects (N = 620) aged over 18 before and after participating in the water-saving activities. The results showed that there is a significant improvement in the water literacy of the subjects after the water-saving activities but with a medium-small effect size; there is no significant correlation between water knowledge and water attitude before or after the activities. In addition, there is a significant difference in water literacy regarding subjects' background variables, such as age, income, and household water expenses. In other words, the attitude and behavior related to the use of water could be easily influenced by different background variables. Due to the limitation of the museum being the study field, the post-tests were given immediately following the activities, therefore the improvements of the subjects' knowledge and attitudes may not be retained over time. The findings can serve as a reference for the Water Resources Department to promote water conservation education in the future.

Impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life of patients operated on at the Hospital de Clínicas, Paraguay

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Carlos Mena Canata ◽  
Rebeca Noemí Ruiz Vallejos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life of postoperative patients.The study is observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective. The files of all postoperative adenotonsillectomy patients in Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital de Clínicas, San Lorenzo Paraguay. The Obstructive sleep apnea – 18 questionnaire (OSA 18) was applied, asking patients about symptoms before and after surgery. An effective sample of 143 postoperative patients was obtained. The average age was 6.05 ± 2.08 years, 55.10% (81) were male and 44.89% (66) were female, 65.30% (96) were from urban areas and 34.69% (51) from the rural areas. The t test was performed for means of two paired samples, comparing the results of the Obstructive sleep apnea – 18 questionnaire surveys before and after surgery which presented a significant difference (p <0.05) with a tendency to improve the quality of life after surgery. It has been shown that there is a significant difference, a considerable improvement in the quality of life of patients after adenotonsillectomy.

scholarly journals Urban household water resilience and source selection in Nepal pre- and post-disaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhana Shrestha ◽  
Yoko Aihara ◽  
Arun P. Bhattarai ◽  
Niranjan Bista ◽  
Naoki Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Urban areas in low- and middle-income countries are under chronic water stress, and multiple water source use (MWSU) is common. A detailed study on MWSU is necessary for strengthening water security and enhancing household water resilience to natural disasters which is defined as the ability of a household water system that is exposed to a disaster to resist, accommodate, and recover efficiently in a short time. Surveys were conducted in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, before and after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. A classification of resilient and non-resilient households was based on respondents' perception scores of their water systems before the earthquake and one month after. Around 80% of households used two to three water sources, and 70% of households were classified as water resilient. Three characteristics of a water resilient household were: (i) use of greater number of water sources, (ii) use of multiple reliable water sources such as piped water, groundwater, and (iii) use of effective adaptive strategies such as water storage in a bigger container. Since the study showed the practice of MWSU enhanced the resilience, protection and management of local water sources (well, spring, stone spouts) by initiatives of local government or communities or both is recommended.

scholarly journals Dinamika Komunikasi Politik Pada Pemilihan Presiden Di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samsul Rani
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Survey Results

The dynamics of political communication have occurred through phenomena before and after the presidential election in Indonesia, both conducted by political elites, party supporters, and the public to win the presidential candidates and vice-presidential candidates he supports. This can be seen from the form of political communication in the campaign, political attitudes in addressing the vote acquisition, and post-election political communication. Political communication through campaigns using digital media especially social media such as Twitter, Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram, and other media has given a very significant influence in gaining public support, but negative campaigns and black campaigns (hoax) cannot be avoided, even to the legal sphere. Political communication at the end of the voting is stated through a victory speech through political speeches based on different survey results, namely quick count and exit poll. The speech added to the polemic about the validity and honesty in the implementation of the General Election because of the very significant difference in votes in Indonesia. Political communication on the determination of the results of the real count resulted in an unelected presidential candidate bringing the case to the realm of law namely the Constitutional Court court to cancel the victory of the elected presidential candidate. Political communication after the determination of the results of the elected election is that the elected president reconciles the non-elected presidential candidates to eliminate friction in the community. Besides, the coalition party supporting the elected president lobbied both fellow supporters and the elected president to get a ministerial position in the cabinet and the parliament.

scholarly journals Effect of cost awareness on the utilization of laryngeal mask airway among anesthesiology residents

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Michael Stuart Green ◽  
Sheldon B. Gomes ◽  
Kelly A. Machovec ◽  
Parmis Green
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Mask Airway ◽  
Laryngeal Mask ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Approximate Cost ◽  
Cost Awareness ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: Knowledge of cost perception is the primary step towards determining the role cost plays in decision making. We examined perception of cost and utilization. We tried to determine reasons for choosing pieces of equipment and tested the effect of cost awareness. We hypothesized altered utilization patterns in favor of a less expensive product. Methods: We conducted a single blind prospective study examining the perceptions of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) cost among residents. The study tested whether cost awareness would alter utilization. The price was altered without residents’ knowledge to ensure recognition of a price difference. Utilization before and after price labeling was compared. Results: The survey results showed when asked specifically ‘does cost influence your choice of LMA?’ 56% of the residents answered ‘No’. Only 2 out of 23 resident responses to the question ‘how much does an LMA cost’ fell within a 50% range of its approximate cost of $8. When asked ‘if two products are equivalent, would you choose the cheaper one?’ all residents answered ‘Yes’. Prior to price labeling, LMA selection 8.25% GREEN and 91.75% CLEAR. After price labeling, selection of LMA’s was 24.27% GREEN and 75.73% CLEAR LMA’s. There was a significant difference between the utilization of GREEN and CLEAR LMA’s before and after price labeling. Conclusion: This prospective single blind study on how cost awareness effects LMA selection showed altered selection following price labeling towards lower cost products. Focusing on cost awareness may have an impact on the future utilization and health care expenses.

scholarly journals The Influence of Health Education Through Booklet on Knowledge and Practice of Menstrual Hygiene

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenny Artanty Nisman ◽  
Dewi Fatma Mutiawati ◽  
Marsita Nugraheni ◽  
Intan Milasari
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

<div class="Section1"><p>Abnormal discharge from the vagina and infections of the reproductive tract can be prevented by practicing good menstrual hygiene. The ease by which adolescents are able to access information will affect the level of knowledge adolescents have about menstrual hygiene. This study aimed to determine the differences in levels of knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene in boarding school students in rural and urban areas, before and after having being given health education using booklet media. This study was quasi experimental research. The research took place at MTs Al Falaah Pandak Bantul representing the rural area and MTs Mu'allimat Yogyakarta representing the urban area between December 2016 and January 2017. Knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene was measured by a questionnaire. There was no statistically significant difference between knowledge of menstrual hygiene in the boarding schools of both rural and urban groups p=0.473, whereas the difference between hygiene practice regarding menstruation in both groups showed a significant difference p=0.000. There were significant differences in the levels of knowledge and practice of menstruation hygiene between the boarding school students in both the rural areas and urban areas before and after health education using a booklet. A higher mean value was indicated by the boarding school students in urban areas.</p></div>

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Melatih Kepemimpinan Perangkat Desa Kebonharjo Kulonprogo: Membangun Sikap Anti Korupsi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Adi Heryadi ◽  
Evianawati Evianawati
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Measuring Tool

This study aims to prove whether transformational leadership training is effective for building anti-corruption attitudes of villages in Kebonharjo village, subdistrict Samigaluh Kulonprogo. This research is an experimental research with one group pre and posttest design.Subject design is 17 people from village of 21 candidates registered. Measuring tool used in this research is the scale of anti-corruption perception made by the researcher referring to the 9 anti-corruption values with the value of reliability coefficient of 0.871. The module used as an intervention made by the researcher refers to the transformational leadership dimension (Bass, 1990). The data collected is analyzed by statistical analysis of different test Paired Sample Test. Initial data collection results obtained sign value of 0.770 which means> 0.05 or no significant difference between anti-corruption perception score between before and after training. After a period of less than 1 (one) month then conducted again the measurement of follow-up of the study subjects in the measurement again using the scale of anti-corruption perception. The results of the second data collection were analysed with Paired Samples Test and obtained the value of 0.623 sign meaning p> 0.05 or no significant difference between post test data with follow-up data so that the hypothesis of this study was rejected.

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Sanjeeva Kumar Goud T ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route

STUDY CLINICAL FEATURE AND RESULT OF TREATMENT PHACOMORPHIC GLAUCOMA

2015 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Van Nam Phan ◽  
Ba Ken Tran
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Anterior Chamber Angle ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Before And After

Purpose: Study clinical feature of phacomorphic glaucoma. To evaluate the result of treatment phacomorphic glaucoma. Method: The retrospective, interventional study on 36 cases with phacomorphic glaucoma who underwent treated at Hue Central Hospital from 6/2010 to 6/2011. Standard of research: visual, IOP, before and after surgery, accompanying lesions and post-operative complications. The surgery is considered successful when postoperative IOP less than 21 mmHg. Results: Age 50-59 presented 30.5 percent, ≥ 60 presented 91.7 percent. There was a slight female preponderance (66.7%) compared to the male population (33.3%) which implies a statistically marginally significant difference. However there was no statistical significance difference when compared by the two subgroups. Patient in country presented 61,1% and city presented 38,9%. The duration between the onset of pain and surgery from 0 to < 5 days (77.8%), from 6 to 10 (16.7%) and >10 days presented 5.5%. The preoperative intraocular pressure 35 to 45mmHg (47.2%), 46-55 (30.6%), 56-65 (13.9%) and more than 65 presented 8.3%. The visual acuity preoperation less than 1metre count finger (94.5%), less than 3 metre count finger presented 5.5%. Close anterior chamber angle presented 80.6% and shallow was presented 19.4%. Corneal edema presented 100%, iritis presented 94.4%, dilated pupil larger 5mm presented 83.3%, Synchynea iris and cataract presented 72.2%. ECCE, implantation IOL combined trabeculectomy presented 11.1%, Phaco, implantation IOL combined trabeculectomy presented 69,5%, ECCE implantation IOL presented 5.6%, Phaco, implantation IOL presented 13.8%. Postoperative visual acuity from 1/10 to 5/10 presented 72.2%, no case have VA larger than 5/10. Postoperative 3 months VA 1/10 to 5/10 presented 72.2%, larger VA 5/10 presented 8.3%. Postoperative 3 months intraocular pressure ≤ 21mmHg presented 91.7%, 22 to 24mmHg presented 8.3%, no case have IOP ≥25mmHg. Postoperative edema presented 58.3%, iritis presented 58.3%. Key words: phacomorphic Glaucoma

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