scholarly journals The Effect of NaOH Concentration on Cellulose Levels of Kepok Banana Hump (Musa paradisiaca L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Ningsi ◽  
Nurshalati Tahar ◽  
Nur Azizah Syahrana ◽  
Yuri Erika Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipient ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
High Cellulose ◽  
Made In

The high cellulose content of Kepok banana hump has great potential to be used as a pharmaceutical excipient. This research aims to determine the effect of NaOH concentration on cellulose levels from kepok banana hump. NaOH solution was made in five concentrations, namely 5%; 7.5%; 10%; 12.5% and 15%. Cellulose levels were analyzed using the Chesson method. The research results showed that the NaOH solution with a concentration of 5%; 7.5%; 10%; 12.5% and 15% yielded cellulose content of 12.5%, 15.9%, 64.9%, 60.7% and 41.9%. The highest cellulose content is produced at a concentration of 10% NaOH solution.

Optimization of synthesis conditions for carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple leaf waste using microwave-assisted heating and its application as a food thickener

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7684-7701
Author(s):  
Noppadol Panchan ◽  
Pattra Wattanapan ◽  
Sirada Sungsinchai ◽  
Supacharee Roddecha ◽  
Peerapan Dittanet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Food Thickener ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pineapple Leaves ◽  
High Cellulose

Pineapple leaf waste, with its high cellulose content, can serve as alternative starting material for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In this study, synthesis conditions of CMC from pineapple leaves via the use of microwave heating were optimized. Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were applied to schedule the experiments and to optimize the synthesis condition, respectively. Preparation of CMC was investigated by varying three factors, namely, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, monochloroacetic acid (MCA) dose, and etherification time. The process of carboxymethylation was optimized to produce CMC with high degree of substitution (DS). Optimal condition for CMC synthesis was noted to be 50% (w/v) NaOH solution, 8 g of MCA/g cellulose, and etherification time of 16 min; such optimal condition resulted in the maximum DS of 0.78. Synthesized CMC was utilized as a thickener for liquid foods (water, orange juice, milk, and mushroom cream soup) where 2% (w/v) as-synthesized CMC increased the viscosity of the foods and changed their characteristics from thin to nectar-like liquids.

scholarly journals Optimization of synthesis conditions for carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple leaf waste using microwave-assisted heating and its application as a food thickener

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7684-7701
Author(s):  
Noppadol Panchan ◽  
Pattra Wattanapan ◽  
Sirada Sungsinchai ◽  
Supacharee Roddecha ◽  
Peerapan Dittanet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Food Thickener ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pineapple Leaves ◽  
High Cellulose

Pineapple leaf waste, with its high cellulose content, can serve as alternative starting material for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In this study, synthesis conditions of CMC from pineapple leaves via the use of microwave heating were optimized. Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were applied to schedule the experiments and to optimize the synthesis condition, respectively. Preparation of CMC was investigated by varying three factors, namely, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, monochloroacetic acid (MCA) dose, and etherification time. The process of carboxymethylation was optimized to produce CMC with high degree of substitution (DS). Optimal condition for CMC synthesis was noted to be 50% (w/v) NaOH solution, 8 g of MCA/g cellulose, and etherification time of 16 min; such optimal condition resulted in the maximum DS of 0.78. Synthesized CMC was utilized as a thickener for liquid foods (water, orange juice, milk, and mushroom cream soup) where 2% (w/v) as-synthesized CMC increased the viscosity of the foods and changed their characteristics from thin to nectar-like liquids.

scholarly journals Analisis Karakteristik Pulp Campuran Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Pelepah Pisang dengan Pelarut NaOH

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
Sari Rizky Amelia ◽  
Muhammad Yerizam ◽  
Erwana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
High Cellulose

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah padatan yang dihasilkan dari proses pembuatan minyak kelapa sawit yang selulosa (45,95%), kadar abu (1,23%), hemiselulosa (22,84%), kadar air (3,74%) dan lignin (16,49%). Pelepah pisang mempunyai kandungan selulosa yang tinggi akan tetapi belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal yang memiliki kandungan densitas ( 1,35 gr/cm3), selulosa (63 -64 %), hemiselulosa (20 %), lignin (5%), kekuatan Tarik rata-rata (600 Mpa), modulus tarik rata-rata (17,85 Gpa), pertambahan panjang (3,36 %), diameter serat (5,8 µm), serta panjang serat (30,9240 cm). Namun bahan-bahan ini mempunyai karakteristik dan sifat fisika kimia yang berbeda-beda. Karakteristik menjadikan perlunya analisa agar menghasilkan pulp yang diinginkan berada pada kondisi optimal. Beberapa parameter yang diukur di antaranya, konsentrasi larutan NaOH dengan variasi 7% dan 9%, dengan variasi bahan baku 40-60% serta waktu pemasakan dengan variasi waktu 75, 90, 105, 120 dan 135 menit. Sehingga pada penelitian ini didapatkan kondisi optimumnya yakni pada rasio 40:60, dengan konsentrasi 9% dan waktu pemasakan selama 120 menit didapatkan nilai kadar lignin 11,21% dan kadar selulosa 68,94%. Oil palm empty fruit bunches or TKKS are solid wastes produced from the process of making palm oil which are cellulose (45.95%), ash content (1.23%), hemicellulose (22.84%), water content (3.74 %) and lignin (16.49%). Banana midrib has a high cellulose content but has not been used optimally which contains density (1.35 g/cm3), cellulose (63 -64 %), hemicellulose (20 %), lignin (5%), average tensile strength. average (600 Mpa), average tensile modulus (17.85 Gpa), increase in length (3.36%), fiber diameter (5.8 m), and fiber length (30,9240 cm). However, these materials have different physicochemical characteristics and properties. The characteristics make the need for analysis in order to produce the desired pulp in optimal conditions. Several parameters were measured including the concentration of NaOH solution with variations of 7% and 9%, with variations of raw materials 40-60% and cooking time with variations of 75, 90, 105, 120 and 135 minutes. So that in this study the optimum conditions were obtained, namely at a ratio of 40:60, with a concentration of 9% and cooking time for 120 minutes, the lignin content was 11.21% and the cellulose content was 68.94%.

scholarly journals Effect of various pretreatments of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres for subsequent use as substrate on the performance of cellulase production by Aspergillus terreus

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
Mahdi Shahriarinour ◽  
Mohd Noor Abdul Wahab ◽  
Shuhaimi Mustafa ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Arbakariya B. Ariff
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Chemical Pretreatments ◽  
Main Components ◽  
High Cellulose

The possibility of using treated oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres as substrate for cellulase production by Aspergillus terreus was studied using shaking flask fermentation. The effect of different chemical pretreatments, i.e. formic acid, acetic acid, propylamine, phosphoric acid, and n-butylamine, on the suitability of OPEFB fibres as fermentation substrate was investigated. The findings revealed that pretreatment with these chemicals significantly (P<0.05) increased the cellulose and reduced the lignin contents prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. However, fermentation using OPEFB fibres pretreated with phosphoric acid gave the highest cellulase production, which was related to high cellulose content. Further improvement in cellulase production was obtained when the chemically pretreated OPEFB fibres were subsequently treated hydrothermally (autoclaved at 160oC for 10 min) and then biologically (using effective microorganisms). The final activity of the three main components of cellulase (FPase, CMCase, and β-glucosidase) obtained in fermentation by A. terreus using optimally treated OPEFB fibres was (0.77 U mL−1, 8.5 U mL-1, and 6.1 U mL-1), respectively. The production of all these three major components of cellulase using pretreated OPEFB fibres (i.e. chemical, hydrothermal, and biological) were about three times higher than those obtained from fermentation using untreated OPEFB fibres.

scholarly journals A pragmatic study of speech as an instrument of power: Analysis of the 2016 USA presidential debate

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Misyi Gusthini ◽  
Cece Sobarna ◽  
Rosaria Mita Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Power Analysis ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Show ◽  
Made In

This research was aimed at analyzing the speeches of Donald Trump and of Hillary Clinton in the USA Presidential candidates’ debates as instruments of power. The data is a presidential final debate video of Trump and Clinton made in September 2016 which has been converted into a transcript. The data analyzing technique is divided into three steps: 1) describing the context, 2) analyzing the illocutionary acts, and 3) analyzing the power dimensions. The results of this research show that the speakers use the speech act as an instrument of power with classifications of representative, commissive and expressive. In this regard, the researchers found that the speakers demonstrated their power to try to convince the voters in their society to trust them to be the president. The research results also showed that the usage of speech in debate as an instrument of power can influence the voters especially on Election Day.

Fabrication and Processing of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Composites

2016 ◽  
pp. 125-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Sheikh Md. Fadzullah ◽  
Zaleha Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Matrix System ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Extraction ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Cellulose

There is an increasing interest worldwide in the use of Pineapple Leaf Fibers (PALF) as reinforcements in polymer composites, since this type of natural fiber exhibit attractive features such as superior mechanical, physical and thermal properties, thus offer potential uses in a spectrum of applications. PALF contains high cellulose content (between 70-82%) and high crystallinity. However, being hydrophilic, it posed a compatibility issue particularly in a hydrophobic polymeric matrix system. Thus, their shortcoming need to be addressed to ensure good interfacial bonding at the fibers/matrix interphase before their full potential can be harnessed. This chapter summarized some of the important aspects relating to PALF and its reinforced composites, particularly the main characteristics of the fiber, extraction and pre-treatment process of the fibers. Following this, discussions on the available fabrication processes for both short and continuous long PALF reinforced composites are presented.

scholarly journals Production of antipollutan mask based activated carbon from wasted coconut shell

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauzan Nazif ◽  
Mahmud Sudibandriyo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest levels of air pollution in the world. Air pollution in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta due to the number of private vehicles increased at least 10% every year. This air pollution can have an impact on public health. One effort to do as a protection of people health is to use a mask. Activated carbon can be coated to mask in order to improve the effectiveness in reducing the pollutants. One good material used as material for activated carbon is coconut shell. Selection of coconut shell as the raw material of activated carbon is also based on cellulose content of 26.06%, hemicellulose content 27.07% and a lignin content of 29.40% in the dry state. This research was done in some variation such as activation methods, activated carbon mass, and adhesive material types. Based on pollutants adsorption test, mask with 6 grams of activated carbon, chemically activated, and used TEOS as adhesive is the best variation that able to adsorb as much 76,25% of CO2 Pollutants. Mask made in this research, has saturation time as long as 4 hours under high CO2 concentration.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN PULP DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN LIMBAH KULIT DURIAN (DURIO ZIBETHINUS MURR) DENGAN CAMPURAN (RESINA COLOPHONIUM) GUNA MENCEGAH DEGRADASI LINGKUNGAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deddy Kurniawan W Kurniawan W ◽  
Fahmi Arifan ◽  
M. Dwi Khoirun Adim
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
A Value ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
High Cellulose

Deddy Kurniawan W, Fahmi Arifan, M. Dwi Khoirun Adim, in this article explain that paper is one of the primary needs for humans today . High paper usage is resulting increased in production of paper . On the other hand, paper which are usually made ​​from cellulose and hemi-cellulose in wood can result environmental degradation , due to the use of wood and tree felling leads to long-term basis that can increase the temperature of the earth surface ( global warming) . Durian is relatively abundant in Indonesia , durian shell contains high cellulose ( 50-60 % ) and lignin content ( 5 %), also  a low starch content ( 5 % ) . Durian shell wastes containing fibre  with dimensions of length and fiber thick wall that be able to bind well when given a synthetic adhesive or an adhesive mineral . Pulp which is produced from durian shell waste in experiments were 1 , 2 , 3 and 4, have a value of α - cellulose content of 35 % , 45 % , 27.7 % , 37.5 % and 57.6 %, respectively. When yield value of  49.2 % , 66.8 % and 48.2 % respectively. Keywords: pulp, durian, gondorukem, digester

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of chemical composition of Miscanthus var. Soranovskii

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 00017
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Gismatulina ◽  
Vera V. Budaeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
High Cellulose

The search for alternative sources of cellulose is currently getting special importance. Miscanthus holds promise as a cellulosic feedstock with a high potential for industrial-scale cultivation. The present study reports an analysis done for seven years of the chemical composition of the aboveground biomass of Miscanthus var. Soranovskii as a source for producing bioethanol. The aboveground biomass of Miscanthus was found to have a high cellulose content (about 50%), irrespective of the age, and it is therefore reasonable to utilize this cultivar for bioethanol production.

Comparison of Structure and Properties of the PVD, Hybrid (Galvanic + PVD), and Galvanic Coatings Deposited onto the Brass Substrate

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 860-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Adam Dobrzański ◽  
Krzysztof Lukaszkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Hybrid Coatings ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Pvd Coatings ◽  
Nitride Coatings ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Erosion Test ◽  
Made In

The properties of thin hard coatings and consequently their functionality are influenced by microstructural characteristics such as mechanical properties. A variety of interlayers has been used in hybrid coatings for various purposes. The paper presents investigation results of the structure, erosion and corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties of the galvanic Ni/Cr, hybrid Ni/Cr + Zr/ZrN (galvanic + PVD) and monolithic nitride coatings deposited by PVD technique (dc magnetron sputtering) onto brass (CuZn40Pb2) substrates. The ceramic PVD coatings or layers are the Cr-, Ti-, TiAl-, Zr-nitrides. The investigation covered the metallographic analysis on the scanning electron microscope, mechanical properties and erosion test. The corrosion tests were made in a 1 M NaOH solution. It was found out that PVD coatings display high corrosion resistance.

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