Refusal to Communicate: Preliminary Study of a Classical Interpersonal Tactic

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Denner
Keyword(s):  
Role Playing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Silent Condition ◽  
Preliminary Study

To determine the manner in which a person committed to silence handles another not so committed, separate groups of 16 female Ss were confronted by either another silent female, a smiling, or a talking female. A control group sat alone for the same 10-min. period. Ss also indicated whether they were inwardly or outwardly perceptually oriented. Ss exhibited more gross body movements, eye contacts, and gestures, and rated themselves more outwardly oriented in the talking than in the silent condition; the smiling condition fell in between. Control Ss exhibited even more and rated themselves even more outwardly oriented than Ss in the talking condition. These results may be understood in terms of anxiety, role-playing competence, and the systematic nature of a two-person interaction.

Wideband Absorbance in Ears with Retraction Pockets and Cholesteatomas: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreedevi Aithal ◽  
Venkatesh Aithal ◽  
Joseph Kei ◽  
Shane Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retraction Pockets ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to describe wideband absorbance (WBA) findings in patients with cholesteatomas and retraction pockets (RPs). Design In this prospective study, tympanometry, audiometry, and wideband tympanometry (WBT) were performed on 27 ears with an RP (eight with epitympanic RP and 19 ears with mesotympanic RP), 39 ears with a cholesteatoma (23 ears with epitympanic and 16 ears with mesotympanic cholesteatomas [MCs]), and 49 healthy ears serving as controls. Results Mean WBA at ambient pressure (WBAamb) of both experimental groups was reduced significantly between 0.8 and 5 kHz relative to the control group. The difference between mean WBAamb and mean WBA at tympanometric peak pressure (WBATPP) was greater for the RP (0.12–0.16 between 0.5 and 1.5 kHz) than for the cholesteatoma group (0.03–0.11 between 0.6 and 3 kHz). Mean WBAamb of both epitympanic RP (ERP) and epitympanic cholesteatoma (EC) subgroups was significantly lower than that of the control group. Mean WBATPP of the ERP subgroup attained normal levels as per the control group, while mean WBATPP of EC subgroup was significantly lower than that of the control group at 0.8 to 1.5 kHz and 4 to 5 kHz. In contrast, both mesotympanic RP and MC subgroups demonstrated similar mean WBAamb and WBATPP values. No significant differences in WBAamb and WBATPP results between the RP and cholesteatomas groups were observed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses indicated that the area under the ROC curve for distinguishing between the RP and cholesteatomas groups ranged from 0.44 to 0.60, indicating low accuracy in separating the two groups. Conclusion While it is not possible to distinguish between the RP and cholesteatomas groups based on the WBAamb and WBATPP results, it is potentially feasible to differentiate between the EC and ERP conditions. Further study using a large clinical sample is recommended to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the WBA test to identify the EC and ERP conditions.

scholarly journals A preliminary study of bowel rest strategy in the management of Clostridioides difficile infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Sugimoto ◽  
Ayaka Yoshihara ◽  
Takao Yamamoto ◽  
Keisuke Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Full Cohort ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Bowel Rest ◽  
Preliminary Study

AbstractClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an important nosocomial infection and is the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. We aimed to assess the effect of bowel rest on the management of CDI. A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted. The primary outcome was the composite of the all-cause mortality and CDI recurrence within 30 days. The main secondary outcome was switching from metronidazole to vancomycin. Of the 91 patients with CDI enrolled as the full cohort, 63 patients (69%) and 28 patients (31%) constituted the control group and the bowel rest group, respectively. After one-to-one propensity score matching, a total of 46 patients were included as the matched cohort. In the full cohort, the composite outcome occurred in 19.0% and 14.3% of the patients in the control and the bowel rest group, respectively (p = 0.768). In the matched cohort, it was 17.4% in each group. Although there was no statistically significant difference, the trend of switching was lower in the bowel rest group. The bowel rest may not affect the all-cause mortality and CDI recurrence within 30 days. However, in those prescribed bowel rest, switching from metronidazole to vancomycin may reduce.

Effect of deoxynivalenol on the levels of toll-like receptors 2 and 9 and their mRNA expression in enterocytes in the porcine large intestine: a preliminary study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dąbrowski ◽  
E. Jakimiuk ◽  
M. Gajęcka ◽  
M.T. Gajęcki ◽  
Ł. Zielonka
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Local Immune Response ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
The World ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Tlr2 Mrna

Abstract Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in the world, and is capable of inducing immune disorders in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feed contaminated with DON on the number of TLR2- and TLR9-positive cells and their mRNA expression in the porcine large intestine. The experiment was conducted on two equal groups of pigs (n=4). The experimental group (E) was administered feed contaminated with DON (1008 μg/kg of feed) for 6 weeks, and the control group (C) was administered non-contaminated feed over the same period of time. A decrease in the expression of TLR2 mRNA was noted in the cecum. The percentage of TLR9-positive enterocytes increased in the ascending colon and decreased in the cecum. The results of this study indicate that DON can modify the local immune response by changing the expression of TLRs.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effect of methylene blue formulations with oxygen carrier at different pHs: preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. Process
Author(s):  
Jessica Klöckner Knorst ◽  
Gabriela Scarton Barriquello ◽  
Marcos Antônio Villetti ◽  
Roberto Christ Vianna Santos ◽  
Karla Zanini Kantorski
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms

Objective: Evaluate methylene blue (MB) formulations containing oxygen carrier at different pHs in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Material and Methods: Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 formed over acrylics specimens during five days were treated with aPDT using different formulations: MB/pH 7.4; MB/pH 5.6; MB/carrier pH 7.4; MB/carrier pH 5.6. Biofilms not exposed to treatment were used as a control. Blind examiner for the experimental groups performed the counting of colonies per ml suspension (CFU/ml). Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the effect of factors solvent (carrier vs water) and pH (7.4 vs 5.6). One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s test was used to evaluate differences among the five groups (control; MB/carrier pH 7.4; MB pH 7.4; MB/carrier pH 5.6; MB pH 5.6). The Statistics 8.0 software was used (P<0.05). Results: All of photodynamic therapy groups showed significant reduction in P. aeruginosa compared to the control group. The solvent factor was not significant (P=0.18), while the pH factor presented statistical significance (P=0.01). When the carrier was used, MB formulation at pH 7.4 presented a statistically greater reduction of P. aeruginosa than the formulation with pH 5.6. Conclusion: The PDT using methylene blue formulations with oxygen carrier demonstrated potential for the treatment of localized infections by P. aeruginosa. MB formulations with oxygen carrier and pH 7.4 resulted in higher antimicrobial effect and should be considered for future studies with multispecies biofilms.  KeywordsAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy; biofilm; laser; Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN METODE BERMAIN PERAN MAKRO TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA

Instruksional ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nirwana Nirwana
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group B ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical ◽  
Selection Of

Effect of  role playing macro methods on children's speaking ability in group B in Nurul Rohmah Bekasi. This research is motivated by the lack of ability to speak children. This is because the method used in the learning process is more likely to use conventional methods. The selection of methods to role playing macro so that children can be motivated and interested in learning and can stimulate the ability to speak children. The population in this study were all children of group B in kindergarten Nurul Rohmah while the study sample was B3 group 11 children for the experimental group and B1 group 11 children for the control group. Data collection techniques through test techniques, and observation. Data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistical analysis and nonparametric statistical analysis. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test calculation, the calculated T value is 66 and T table 11 then the results obtained T count (66)> T table (11) H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected means that there is an effect of role playing macro  methods on children's speaking ability. Whereas the calculated Z value obtained is 2.93 and 1.645 table Z then the result of Z arithmetic (2.93)> Z table (1.645) H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected which means that there is an effect of role playing macro method on children's speaking ability. These results indicate that there is a change in the value of the child's speaking ability before and after getting learning based on the role playing macro method.

scholarly journals Effect of real-time ultrasound imaging for biofeedback on trunk muscle contraction in healthy subjects: a preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Lin ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Yiyi Zheng ◽  
Guozhi Huang ◽  
Qing Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Biofeedback ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background: Real-time ultrasound imaging (RUSI) has been increasingly used as a form of biofeedback when instructing and re-training muscle contraction. However, the effectiveness of the RUSI on a single sustained contraction of the lumbar multifidus (LM) and transversus abdominis (TrA) has rarely been reported. This preliminary study aimed to determine if the use of RUSI, as visual biofeedback, could enhance the ability of activation and continuous contraction of the trunk muscles including LM and TrA.Methods: Forty healthy individuals were included and randomly assigned into the experimental group and control group. All subjects performed a preferential activation of the LM and/or TrA (maintained the constraction of LM and/or TrA for 30 seconds and then relaxed for two minutes), while those in the experimental group also received visual feedback provided by RUSI. The thickness of LM and/or TrA at rest and during contraction (Tc-max, T15s, and T30s) were extracted and recorded. The experiment was repeated three times.Results: No significant differences were found in the thickness of LM at rest (P > 0.999), Tc-max (P > 0.999), and T15s (P = 0.414) between the two groups. However, the ability to recruit LM muscle contraction differed between groups at T30s (P = 0.006), with subjects in the experimental group that received visual ultrasound biofeedback maintaining a relative maximum contraction. Besides, no significant differences were found in the TrA muscle thickness at rest (P > 0.999) and Tc-max (P > 0.999) between the two groups. However, significant differences of contraction thickness were found at T15s (P = 0.031) and T30s (P = 0.010) between the two groups during the Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver (ADIM), with greater TrA muscle contraction thickness in the experimental group.Conclusions: RUSI can be used to provide visual biofeedback, which can promote continuous contraction, and improve the ability to activate the LM and TrA muscles in healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of using a role playing strategy in developing dialogue skills in a language subject for students in the third grade intermediate in Hafr Al-Batin: فاعلية استخدام استراتيجية لعب الأدوار في تنمية مهارات الحوار في مادة لغتي لدى طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط بحفر الباطن

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed bin Majed bin Shariah al - Shammari
Keyword(s):  
Role Playing ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Teaching Role ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to identify the effectiveness of teaching role playing strategy in developing dialogue skills in the immortal language of the intermediate third grade students. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the semi-experimental method by designing the two equal groups. The sample contains 51 students, 26 students for the control group and 25 students for the experimental group. The researcher used the statistical treatments using the SPSS program, The study has resulted in The results showed that the level of dialogue skills on the student scale among the average third-grade students in the experimental and control groups was medium. The mean of the two groups was on all dialogue skills (2.23). The skill of expressing the opinion is one of the most common dialogue skills, (2.25), while the skill of listening and listening is second, with an average of (2.24), followed by self-esteem in third place with an average of 2.23. Finally, ). In addition, there were statistically significant differences at the level of α 0.05 0.05 in post-performance in all dialogue skills (self-esteem, good listening and listening, respect for others, expression of opinion). In the light of its findings, the researcher made a number of recommendations.

scholarly journals Studi Komparasi Metode Pembelajaran Role Playing dan Demonstrasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS di Sekolah Dasar

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 3352-3363
Author(s):  
Dina Muta’allimatul Khoiro ◽  
Akhwani Akhwani
Keyword(s):  
Role Playing ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design

Metode pembelajaran memiliki karakteristik dengan kelebihan dan kelemahan masing-masing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan antara metode pembelajaran Role playing dengan Demonstrasi terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan pretest-posttest control group design. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MI Al-Hidayah Sidoarjo pada mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial materi kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat. Sampel dalam penelitian berjumlah 28 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal tes kemampuan awal (prestest) dan soal tes kemampuan akhir (posttest). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analize descriptive statistics dan t-test dengan bantuan SPSS 16 for window. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran Role playing sebesar 89,29, sementara rata-rata hasil belajar yang menggunakan metode Demonstrasi sebesar 82,86. Metode pembelajaran role playing lebih unggul dari metode demonstrasi. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa antara metoderole playing dengan demonstrasi sama-sama berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa dengan nilai signifikansi 0,00. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara metode role playing dengan demonstrasi terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajara IPS siswa di MI Al-Hidayah Sidoarjo dengan nilai signifikansi 0,033

scholarly journals Piglets produced by transfer of embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in vitro with thymosin: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 6356-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATARZYNA PONIEDZIAŁEK-KEMPNY ◽  
BARBARA GAJDA ◽  
IWONA RAJSKA ◽  
LECHOSŁAW GAJDA ◽  
ZDZISŁAW SMORĄG
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study was to examine the in vivo viability of in vitro-produced (IVP) porcine embryos obtained from oocytes matured with thymosin. The research material for this study consisted of immature pig oocytes obtained from ovaries after slaughter and ejaculated semen obtained from one boar. The immature oocytes were cultured in vitro until the metaphase II stage in a medium supplemented with thymosin (TMS). The presumptive zygotes obtained were cultured in vitro for 4-40 hours. The presumptive zygotes and 2-4-cell embryos were evaluated in vivo after transferring them to synchronized recipients. After the transfer of embryos from the experimental group into 2 recipients (50 embryos into each gilt) and the transfer of 50 embryos from the control group into 1 recipient, both gilts that had received embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured with TMS became pregnant and delivered a total of 16 live piglets. After the transfer of embryos from the control group, no pregnancy was achieved. In conclusion, the results of our preliminary study suggest that the maturation of pig oocytes with thymosin supports the in vivo survival of in vitro produced embryos. It is important to note, that this was the first birth of piglets obtained after transfer of IVP embryos in Poland.

Systemic Perspective on Obesity in Childhood: A Preliminary Study on Power Interactions between Mother and Child

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1219-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Valtolina ◽  
Paola Ragazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Obese Child ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Relationship Style ◽  
The Relationship

33 mother-child dyads with an obese child (aged 9 to 12 years) and a similar control group were studied. The power interaction was used as an indicator of the style of the relationship between mother and child. To analyse the interactions the model of Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson was used because it considers three different possible situations of complementarity, symmetry, and parallelism. A revised version of the Scoresby Relationship Style Inventory was given. Analysis showed that dyads with obese children differ in some ways from the control dyads. These differences include the mother's dominant position in the relationship and the tendency of the obese child to avoid conflict and symmetry and to adopt a ‘one-down’ complementary position. We conclude it is important to improve the study of childhood obesity from a systemic perspective and to extend this analysis to other aspects of the complex familial picture to prevent overweight or to maintain it within reasonable limits thereby avoiding more serious complications.

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