scholarly journals Ultraviolet B irradiation-induced keratinocyte senescence and impaired development of 3D epidermal reconstruct

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Suvara K. Wattanapitayakula ◽  
Linda Chularojmontri ◽  
Monika Schäfer-Korting
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cyclin D2 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Late Passage ◽  
Culturing Conditions

AbstractUltraviolet B (UVB) induces morphological and functional changes of the skin. This study investigated the effect of UVB on keratinocyte senescence and the development of reconstructed human epidermis (RHE). Primary normal human keratinocytes (NHK) from juvenile foreskin were irradiated with UVB (30 mJ cm−2) and these effects were compared to NHK that underwent senescence in the late passage. UVB enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and halted cell replication as detected by BrdU cell proliferation assay. The senescence phenotype was evaluated by beta-galactosidase (β-gal) staining and qPCR of genes related to senescent regulation, i.e. p16INK4a, cyclin D2, and IFI27. Senescence induced by high dose UVB resulted in morphological changes, enhanced β-gal activity, elevated cellular ROS levels and reduced DNA synthesis. qPCR revealed differential expression of the genes regulated senescence. p16INK4a expression was significantly increased in NHK exposed to UVB whereas enhanced IFI27 expression was observed only in cultural senescence. The levels of cyclin D2 expression were not significantly altered either by UVB or long culturing conditions. UVB significantly induced the aging phenotype in keratinocytes and impaired epidermal development. RHE generated from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes showed a thinner cross-sectional structure and the majority of keratinocytes in the lower epidermis were degenerated. The 3D epidermis model is useful in studying the skin aging process.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid-Induced, Morpho-Functional Alterations in Pancreatic Beta Cells of Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. Aigbiremolen ◽  
M. A. Omoirri ◽  
O. A. Udi ◽  
S. E. Iloh ◽  
M. Ogbonnaya
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Though prolonged use of glucocorticoids has been reported to promote adverse effects, traditionally, high-dose glucocorticoids have been implicated in immune-suppression following organ transplant with Cortisone being a well-known artificial glucocorticoid. Objectives: This study investigated the histo-architectural and functional changes in pancreatic beta cells due to Cortisone administration. Materials and Methods: Forty two (42) Wistar rats (140 – 200 kg) were assigned into seven groups of six (6) rats each with group A acting as a control. While groups B and C were respectively treated with 0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg of Cortisone, groups D and E received 0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg of Cortisone respectively plus 33 mg/kg of Ketoconazole; whereas, groups F and G were respectively given 0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg of Cortisone alongside 150 mg/kg of Vitamin E each for twenty-eight (28) days. After 28 days of administration, rats were euthanized and blood samples collected for insulin assay. Pancreatic tissues were also harvested and observed for histo-morphological changes. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found Cortisone to have significantly (p < .05) increased glucose level in a dose dependent manner. This was however attenuated following co-administration of Ketoconazole and Vitamin E as Ketoconazole showed more potency in this ameliorating effect. Also, Cortisone was observed to significantly decrease (in dose dependent fashion), pancreatic β-cell functions, with attenuating effect seen following co-administration of Ketoconazole. Conclusion: It is recommended that caution is applied with the intake of glucocorticoids, especially in polypharmacy while treating certain ailments.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

Evaluation of the Effect of Nanoparticles Zinc Oxide/Camellia sinensis Complex on the Kidney of Rats Treated with Monosodium Glutamate: Antioxidant and Histological Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 542-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla S. El-Shenawy ◽  
Reham Z. Hamza ◽  
Fawziah A. Al-Salmi ◽  
Rasha A. Al-Eisa
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Tea Extract

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are robustly used biomedicine. Moreover, no study has been conducted to explore the consequence of green synthesis of ZnO NPs with Camellia sinensis (green tea extract, GTE) on kidneys of rats treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG). Methods: Therefore, the objective of the research was designed to explore the possible defensive effect of GTE/ZnO NPs against MSG-induced renal stress investigated at redox and histopathological points. Results: The levels of urea and creatinine increased as the effect of a high dose of MSG, in addition, the myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase activates were elevated significantly with the high dose of MSG. The levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid, glutathione, and thiol) were decreased sharply in MSG-treated rats as compared to the normal group. Conclusion: The data displayed that GTE/ZnO NPs reduced the effects of MSG significantly by reduction of the level peroxidation and enhancement intracellular antioxidant. These biochemical findings were supported by histopathology evaluation, which showed minor morphological changes in the kidneys of rats.

scholarly journals Anti-Aging Potential of Extracts from Washingtonia filifera Seeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Benedetta Era ◽  
Sonia Floris ◽  
Valeria Sogos ◽  
Clara Porcedda ◽  
Alessandra Piras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Stressed Cells ◽  
Collagenase Inhibition ◽  
Washingtonia Filifera ◽  
Seed Extracts

The aim of this study was to test the inhibitory effect of fruit extracts from Washingtonia filifera on skin aging-related enzymes. The pulp extracts did not exert a significant enzyme inhibition while seed extracts from W. filifera exhibit anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase activities. Tyrosinase was mildly inhibited while a stronger effect was observed with respect to elastase and collagenase inhibition. Alcoholic extracts provided better results than aqueous extracts. Among them, methanol extracts showed the prominent enzyme inhibitory activities being IC50 value for elastase and collagenase comparable and even better than the reference compound. The inhibition mode of the most active extracts was investigated by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis. Seed extracts from W. filifera were also investigated for their photo-protective effect by Mansur equation and the antioxidant activity of W. filifera extract was evaluated in oxidative-stressed cells. To evaluate the safety of the extract, the effect on cell viability of human keratinocytes cells was analyzed. Methanol extract presented the best photo-protective effect and exerted an antioxidant activity in a cellular system with no cytotoxic effect. The overall results demonstrate that W. filifera extracts are promising sources of bioactive compounds that could be used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparation.

scholarly journals Evidence for diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis after three episodes of acute pancreatitis: a cross-sectional multicentre international study with experimental animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter J. Hegyi ◽  
Alexandra Soós ◽  
Emese Tóth ◽  
Attila Ébert ◽  
Viktória Venglovecz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
International Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
End Stage

AbstractChronic pancreatitis (CP) is an end-stage disease with no specific therapy; therefore, an early diagnosis is of crucial importance. In this study, data from 1315 and 318 patients were analysed from acute pancreatitis (AP) and CP registries, respectively. The population from the AP registry was divided into AP (n = 983), recurrent AP (RAP, n = 270) and CP (n = 62) groups. The prevalence of CP in combination with AP, RAP2, RAP3, RAP4 and RAP5 + was 0%, 1%, 16%, 50% and 47%, respectively, suggesting that three or more episodes of AP is a strong risk factor for CP. Laboratory, imaging and clinical biomarkers highlighted that patients with RAP3 + do not show a significant difference between RAPs and CP. Data from CP registries showed 98% of patients had at least one AP and the average number of episodes was four. We mimicked the human RAPs in a mouse model and found that three or more episodes of AP cause early chronic-like morphological changes in the pancreas. We concluded that three or more attacks of AP with no morphological changes to the pancreas could be considered as early CP (ECP).The new diagnostic criteria for ECP allow the majority of CP patients to be diagnosed earlier. They can be used in hospitals with no additional costs in healthcare.

scholarly journals UVB protective effects of Sargassum horneri through the regulation of Nrf2 mediated antioxidant mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eui Jeong Han ◽  
Seo-Young Kim ◽  
Hee-Jin Han ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
Kil-Nam Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Sargassum Horneri ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of a methanol extract of Sargassum horneri (SHM), which contains 6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2(4H)-one (HTT) and apo-9′-fucoxanthinone, against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced cellular damage in human keratinocytes and its underlying mechanism. SHM significantly improved cell viability of UVB-exposed human keratinocytes by reducing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, SHM inhibited UVB exposure-induced apoptosis by reducing the formation of apoptotic bodies and the populations of the sub-G1 hypodiploid cells and the early apoptotic cells by modulating the expression of the anti- and pro-apoptotic molecules, Bcl-2 and Bax, respectively. Furthermore, SHM inhibited NF-κB p65 activation by inducing the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. The cytoprotective and antiapoptotic activities of SHM are abolished by the inhibition of HO-1 signaling. In further study, SHM restored the skin dryness and skin barrier disruption in UVB-exposed human keratinocytes. Based to these results, our study suggests that SHM protects the cells against UVB-induced cellular damages through the Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway and may be potentially useful for the prevention of UVB-induced skin damage.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Spirulina-Derived C-Phycocyanin against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in HaCaT Cells

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Young Ah Jang ◽  
Bo Ae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Radiation Group ◽  
Skin Wrinkles

Background and objectives: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelm the antioxidant defense system, induce oxidative stress, and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, resulting in skin aging. Thus, preventing ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage can attenuate skin aging. Spirulina (a biomass of cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae) is comprised of prokaryotes, whereas microalgae are eukaryotes and are rich in phycocyanin, a powerful antioxidant. Materials and Methods: Here, we investigated the photoprotective effects of spirulina-derived C-phycocyanin (C-PC) against UVB radiation using keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Results: UVB radiation increased MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression but decreased involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression. C-PC showed no toxicity at concentrations of 5–80 μg/mL in terms of HaCaT cell viability. UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells had a 50.8% survival rate, which increased to 80.3% with C-PC treatment. MMP expression increased with UVB treatment, whereas MMP-1 and MMP-9 concentrations decreased with C-PC treatment. UVB reduced involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression in HaCaT cells, but 80 μg/mL C-PC increased their expression by >25%. In the UVB radiation group, dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescence intensity in HaCaT cells increased by 81.6% compared with that in the control group, whereas ROS production was reduced by 51.2% and 55.1% upon treatment with 40 and 80 μg/mL C-PC, respectively. Conclusions: C-PC might reduce or prevent skin aging by reducing UVB irradiation-induced skin wrinkles and free radicals.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Impact of the 2017 Canadian Guideline for Opioid Therapy and Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study of Canadian Physicians

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jason W. Busse ◽  
Joyce Douglas ◽  
Tara S. Chauhan ◽  
Bilal Kobeissi ◽  
Jeff Blackmer
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽  
Canadian Guideline ◽  
Opioid Tapering ◽  
Noncancer Pain

Background. Physician adherence to guideline recommendations for the use of opioids to manage chronic pain is often limited. Objective. In February 2018, we administered a 28-item online survey to explore perceptions of the 2017 Canadian guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain and if physicians had altered practices in response to recommendations. Results. We invited 34,322 Canadian physicians to complete our survey, and 1,128 responded for a response rate of 3%; 687 respondents indicated they prescribed opioids for noncancer pain and answered survey questions about the guideline and their practice. Almost all were aware of the guideline, 94% had read the document, and 89% endorsed the clarity as good or excellent. The majority (86%) felt the guideline was feasible to implement, but 66% highlighted resistance by patients, and 63% the lack of access to effective nonopioid treatment as barriers. Thirty-six percent of respondents mistakenly believed the guideline recommended mandatory tapering for patients using high-dose opioid therapy (≥90 mg morphine equivalent per day), and 58% felt they would benefit from support for opioid tapering. Seventy percent of respondents had changed practices to align with guideline recommendations, with 51% engaging some high-dose patients in opioid tapering and 43% reducing the number of new opioid starts. Conclusion. There was high awareness of the 2017 Canadian opioid guideline among respondents, and preliminary evidence that recommendations have changed practice to better align with the evidence. Ongoing education is required to avoid the misunderstanding that opioid tapering is mandatory, and research to identify effective strategies to manage chronic noncancer pain is urgently needed.

A novel apoptosis inducer, apoptosis signal regulating kinase (ASK1), is involved in ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis of cultured human keratinocytes

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. S69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Sayama ◽  
Hidenori Ichijo ◽  
Kenshi Yamasaki ◽  
Yashushi Hanakawa ◽  
Yuji Shirakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Apoptosis Inducer ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Eccentric ergometry: increases in locomotor muscle size and strength at low training intensities

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. R1282-R1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. LaStayo ◽  
D. J. Pierotti ◽  
J. Pifer ◽  
H. Hoppeler ◽  
S. L. Lindstedt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cycle Ergometers ◽  
Muscle Adaptations ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Adaptations

Lengthening (eccentric) muscle contractions are characterized by several unusual properties that may result in unique skeletal muscle adaptations. In particular, high forces are produced with very little energy demand. Eccentrically trained muscles gain strength, but the specific nature of fiber size and composition is poorly known. This study assesses the structural and functional changes that occur to normal locomotor muscle after chronic eccentric ergometry at training intensities, measured as oxygen uptake, that do not influence the muscle when exercised concentrically. Male subjects trained on either eccentric or concentric cycle ergometers for 8 wk at a training intensity starting at 54% and ending at 65% of their peak heart rates. The isometric leg strength increased significantly in the eccentrically trained group by 36%, as did the cross-sectional area of the muscle fiber by 52%, but the muscle ultrastructure remained unchanged. There were no changes in either fiber size, composition, or isometric strength in the concentrically trained group. The responses of muscle to eccentric training appear to be similar to resistance training.

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