The Effects of Organic and Conventional Cultivation Systems on the Content of Bioactive Substances in Herbal Plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Kazimierczak ◽  
Ewelina Hallmann ◽  
Małgorzata Kazimierczyk ◽  
Oliwia Sokołowska ◽  
Ewa Rembiałkowska
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Analytical Research

The Effects of Organic and Conventional Cultivation Systems on the Content of Bioactive Substances in Herbal Plants Five species of herbs from organic and conventional cultivation (dropsy plant, lovage, mint, thyme and sage) were used for this experiment. The research material consisted of usable parts of fresh herbs, which were harvested in the first ten days of September 2009 and 2010. In order to avoid losses in the content of biologically active compounds in the plant material, the herbs were frozen at -80°C immediately after harvesting, and then subjected to freezedrying; finally, analytical research was conducted. The results of two-year studies indicated that herbal plants from organic production contained a higher level of dry matter, vitamin C and flavonoids, while the conventional ones contained more phenolic acids. Regardless of the cultivation system, dropsy plant and mint were distinguished by the content of phenolic acids, the highest level of flavonoids was found in thyme, while lovage was the raw material containing the most vitamin C. The qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds contained in herbs showed that the most diverse composition of phenolic acids was attributed to sage and thyme, which also contained the largest number of identified flavonoids.

scholarly journals Zucchini squash production in conventional and organic cultivation systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Toscano ◽  
F. Branca ◽  
Antonio Ferrante ◽  
D. Romano
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Two Systems

Organic production must be carried out following the EU regulations and their protocols. On the contrary, conventional cultivation instead can be carried out using the best agronomic approaches available and using the latest innovative resources. Organic cultivation is more widespread in permanent crops (olive and grape crops) than vegetable ones, and even less in protected cultivation systems, due to the high intensity production processes which render the application of organic growing protocols more complex. The comparison between the two systems of cultivation, organic and conventional, is difficult because the two cultivation methods are often carried out in different farms and hence in different environmental conditions. Cultivation using the two methods was conducted in a greenhouse from November to March 2017/2018. Results demonstrated that the total fruit yield zucchini squash in organic cultivation was not significantly different to the conventional one (43.2 Mg ha-1 and 46.4 Mg ha-1, respectively). The agronomic inputs (fertilizers, fungicides, and insecticides) were higher in the organic cultivation system than conventional one. The water use efficiency was higher in the conventional cultivation system (150.6 kg m-3 ha-1) compared to the organic one (147.6 kg m-3 ha-1). No statistically significant differences were found for the fruit number per plant and for the marketable fruit at the end of the growing period. Significant differences for the harvest period were only detected for fresh weight, shape index, firmness, and titratable acidity. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that the organic system required higher inputs compared to the conventional cultivation. The extensive experience of the grower allowed for comparable yields between the two systems.

scholarly journals Experimental Determination of Biologically Active Compounds in Pomace of Siberian Beet and Carrot

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kozhemayko ◽  
Irina Sergeeva ◽  
Irina Dolgolyuk
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Industrial Processing

Introduction. With the development of the food and processing industry, the matter of environmental pollution is becoming more and more acute. Environmental protection is based on the principle of rational use of natural resources and sustainable technology. Vegetable pomace is a secondary raw material; its amount depends on the production technology and equipment. The observed positive trend in the gross harvest of vegetables in open ground can increase the number of vegetable processing enterprises and the capacity of existing enterprises. Eventually, waste will start accumulating at processing sites, and it will have to be used as raw materials. The present paper features the content of biologically active substances in pomace of carrots and beets grown on the territory of the Siberian region and introduces options for their further use in functional foods. Study objects and methods. The research featured carrot pomace of the varieties Losinoostrovskaya, Nantskaya, and Queen of Autumn, as well as beet pomace of varieties Cylinder and Bordeaux. All the samples were harvested in the Kemerovo region in 2019. Determination of physical and chemical parameters was carried out using standard methods. Carotenoids, flavonoids, β-cyanine were studied using spectrometry and photocolorimetric method. Results and discussion. The experiment featured the content of bioactive substances in pomace of carrots and beets obtained during industrial processing. The content of carotenoids in carrots (mg of β-carotene per 100 g of dry weight): for Losinoostrovskaya variety – 23.56 ± 0.23; Nantskaya – 25.32 ± 0.18; Queen of Autumn – 20.78 ± 0.25. Flavonoid content (mg of catechol equivalent per 100 g of dry weight): Losinoostrovskaya – 12.02 ± 0.37; Nantskaya – 13.45 ± 0.56; Queen of Autumn – 11.50 ± 0.48. The content of β-cyanine in beets (mg per 100 g of dry weight): Cylinder – 100.0 ± 8.5; Bordeaux – 35.0 ± 1.8. The nutritional value of carrot and beet pomace with a mass fraction of moisture was 10%. The nutritional value of vegetable pomace is due to the high content of dietary fiber; therefore, the raw materials can be considered for functional food production. The content of biologically active substances in vegetable pomace (flavonoids, carotenoids, β-cyanines) can enhance the functional orientation of this secondary raw material when used in food technologies for the production of food of high nutritional value. Conclusion. The results obtained will make it possible to use the biochemical potential of plant raw materials in many aspects, as well as to obtain new functional food products, thereby expanding the range of healthy foods.

scholarly journals Selected Antioxidants in Organic vs. Conventionally Grown Apple Fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2997
Author(s):  
Dominika Średnicka-Tober ◽  
Marcin Barański ◽  
Renata Kazimierczak ◽  
Alicja Ponder ◽  
Klaudia Kopczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Production System ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Apple Fruits

The apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most widely cultivated temperate fruits globally, gaining scientific interest as a rich source of antioxidants with a demonstrated beneficial human health impact. Since a growing number of consumers are increasingly seeking safe and healthy food options, alternative fruit production systems such as organic farming, and their potential to provide safe and nutritious foods, have been gaining increasing attention in the last decades. The aim of the presented study was, therefore, to analyse and to compare the concentrations of selected health-promoting antioxidants, such as phenolic acids, flavonols, and vitamin C, in fruits of three apple cultivars (Champion, Gala, and Idared) grown in conventional and certified organic orchards in Poland. All analyses were performed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Organic apples tested within the study, compared to the conventionally grown ones, were characterised by significantly higher concentrations of phenolic acids (av. >31%) and flavonols (av. >66%) with the identified differences being consistent in all three cultivars and two seasons. The greatest production system effect was observed in the case of Idared. Significant cultivar and production season effects on the concentration of the measured fruit phenolics, with strong interactions between the two factors, were also identified. Vitamin C content in the fruits was strongly dependent on the year-to-year differences in the fruit growing conditions. The study suggests that the organic production system has a potential to provide apple fruits rich in selected health-promoting phenolic antioxidants.

scholarly journals Intraspecific variability of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L. s.l.) in respect of developmental and chemical traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bączek ◽  
Olga Kosakowska ◽  
Jarosław L. Przybył ◽  
Paula Kuźma ◽  
Marcin Ejdys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Developmental Traits ◽  
Developmental Features

SummaryThe aim of study was to determine the variability of 20 yarrow populations introduced intoex situconditions, in respect of selected developmental traits as well as content and composition of biologically active compounds (essential oil, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids). Field experiment was established at the Experimental Station, Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants. Morphological observations and harvest of raw material were carried out in the second year of plant vegetation, at the beginning of blooming. Investigated populations differed significantly in respect of developmental features as well as content and composition of identified compounds. The highest differences among the populations concerned fresh mass of herb (0.46–1.79 kg per plant), number of shoots per m2(64–243) and length of the longest internode (42–158 mm). Total content of essential oil ranged from 0.10 to 1.00%. Among 24 identified compoundsβ-pinene, 1,8-cineole, terpinene-4-ol, nerolidol and chamazulene were the dominants. According to content of these compounds, three chemotypes were distinguished within investigated populations, i.e.:β-pinene,β-pinene + chamazulene and 1,8-cineole type. Content of tannins ranged from 0.38 to 0.90%. Four flavonoids were identified and apigenin 7-glucoside was present in the highest amount (from 9.87 to 475.21 mg × 100 g−1), while the highest differences between populations concerned the content of luteolin-3',7-diglucoside. Within phenolic acids, three compounds (caffeic acid derivatives) were identified. Rosmarinic acid was the dominant one (75.64–660.54 mg × 100 g−1), while cichoric acid differentiated investigated populations the most.

scholarly journals Occurrence of pathogenic and endophytic fungi and their influence on quality of medicinal plants applied in management of neurological diseases and mental disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wielgusz ◽  
Lidia Irzykowska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Herbal Plants

Summary Due to increasing demand of medicinal plants (MPs), quality and safety more attention to the plant health should be paid. Among herb pathogens, especially fungi cause serious diseases in these plants decreasing yield and quality of herbal raw material. Some species, i.e. Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp. are known as mycotoxin producers. Paradoxically, self-treatment with herbal raw material can expose the patient to mycotoxin activity. In tissues of some MPs species, asymptomatically endophytic fungi residue. It is known that they are able to influence a biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in their host plant or produce biologically active compounds. Until recently these microorganisms have been neglected as a component of MPs, the reason why there have unexplored bioactivity and biodiversity. The paper presents an overview of herbal plants that are used in the treatment of nervous system diseases. Pathogenic fungi that infect these plants are described. It focused mainly on species producing harmful mycotoxins. The publication presents a list of these mycotoxins and a brief description of their effects on human health. The second part of this article provides information on the occurrence of endophytic fungi in herbal plants and their effects on human health. Coexistence of fungi and medicinal plants is not fully understood but can be crucial to ensure health and safety of patients with neurological diseases and mental disorders.

Optimization of Technological Modes of Extraction of Tea Raw Material Used in Emulsion Beverages Technology

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Regina Shchekaleva ◽  
Elena Cherevach ◽  
Marina Palagina ◽  
Elena Tarashkevich
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Active Substances

The article observes the technological modes optimization of tea raw materials extraction (black tea and hibiscus tea beverage) used in the technology of emulsion drinks as natural food additives (dyes, flavorings, surfactants) and sources of valuable biologically active substances. The researchers studied the mass fraction dependence of soluble solids and vitamin C in tea extracts on the determining factors (hydromodule, duration and temperature) that affect the extraction kinetics of the biologically active substances using mathematical modeling. Based on the experiment results processing, a man obtained second-degree polynomial equations that adequately described the mathematical dependence of the mass fraction of soluble dry extract substances on the hydromodule and the extraction time. The researchers experimentally determined the optimal extraction parameters: time – 15 and 20 minutes; temperature – 70 and 60 °C for black tea and hibiscus drink, respectively; hydromodule – 1:5. The mass fraction of the functional ingredient (vitamin C) under the specified modes was from 84.6 to 189.2 mg/%. The researchers run the commodity quality evaluation of tea extracts obtained according to the developed parameters. On organoleptic and safety indicators tea extracts met the requirements of the current normative documentation.

scholarly journals Extracting Vitabiotic Pharmaceutical Substances from Berry Raw Materials: Optimization of Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Марина Школьникова ◽  
Marina Shkol’nikova ◽  
Игорь Бакин ◽  
Igor Bakin ◽  
Анна Мустафина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ultrasonic Processing ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
New Processing ◽  
The Impact

The research features new processing methods of extraction of active antibacterial components from Siberian berries. The paper describes the content of biologically active agents and antibacterial dynamics in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) and common sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) extracts. The study involved an analysis of the bactericidal biologically active agents in the extracts. The experiment revealed the main effect and synergism of the principal components, i.e. flavonoids, tannins, and vitamin C. It also established the leading role of the phenolic substances (flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, and glycosides) in the antibacterial influence on cultures of some kinds of pathogenic, potentially pathogenic, and unwanted microflora. The authors revealed some regularities of useful substances extraction in the conditions of ultrasonic processing. The optical density indicator of extracts during extraction helped to establish the optimum parameters of the process: mash ratio – 1:15; ultrasonic exposure frequency – 22 kHz. The experiment determined the mass fraction of extractive substances and active components, as well as the values of extraction coefficients of the berry raw material. Tannins and vitamin C were more extractable than flavonoids. The research also touched upon the impact of ultrasonic processing on the acceleration of extraction. When processing water-alcohol solutions of the raw material by ultrasonic irradiation with an intensity of 2 W/cm2 and a frequency of 22 kHz, the extraction duration fell from 300 to 15–20 minutes before the comparable values of balance concentrations of extractives were reached, in comparison with the control samples.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Powdered Rowanberries (Sorbus aucuparia) with Plant Polysaccharides

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Irina Matseychik ◽  
Elizaveta Martynova ◽  
Svetlana Korpacheva ◽  
Angelina Shteer ◽  
Igor Lomovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
Β Carotene

Introduction. Functional food industry has a stable tendency to use natural plant materials and products. The rowan thrives in Siberian conditions, which makes rowanberries a local raw material of plant origin. The article features the process of encapsulation of bitter plant extracts, which makes it possible to create new functional ingredients. Study objects and methods. The plant extract was obtained from the powder of infrared-dried uncultivated rowanberries harvested in the city of Novosibirsk and the Altai Territory in September 2018 and October 2019. The research compared two parallel encapsulation technologies: spray and freeze drying. The encapsulating matrix vs. IR-dried powder ratio was established experimentally. Konjac and guar gum polysaccharides were used as encapsulating membranes. The content of antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamin C, and β-carotene was determined in the IR-dried rowanberry extract and encapsulated powder. A set of experiments made it possible to compile a new formulation of a cottage cheese dessert with encapsulated functional additive. The dessert was tested for various quality indicators that affect the physicochemical and rheological properties of the product, i.e. moisture, solids content, sugar content, vitamin C, β-carotene, antioxidant capacity, and biologically active flavonoids. Results and discussion. Encapsulation significantly improved the sensory properties of the final material. The physicochemical quality assessment showed that a 1:1 dilution of rowan extract with a food polysaccharide did not affect the content of biologically active substances (with a tolerance of 8%). The physical and chemical quality assessment confirmed the functionality of the dessert: it contained > 15% of the daily physiological requirements of vitamin C, β-carotene, antioxidants, and flavonoids. Conclusion. The paper introduces a novel method of rowan powder encapsulation, which was successfully applied to create a new functional product. The encapsulation technology made it possible to soften the natural bitterness of the raw material. The new functional product demonstrated excellent sensory properties and nutritional value.

scholarly journals Bioactive Hemp Clothing Modified with Cannabidiol (CBD) Cannabis sativa L. Extract

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6031
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Zimniewska ◽  
Mariola Pawlaczyk ◽  
Barbara Romanowska ◽  
Agnieszka Gryszczyńska ◽  
Edyta Kwiatkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
Hemp Fabric

Hemp fiber variety, Bialobrzeskie, contains phenolic acids in its chemical composition giving it inherent antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The use of this raw material in fabric manufacture allows the creation of functional clothing with a positive effect on human skin. The aim of the study was to develop biologically active functional clothing made of pure industrial hemp raw materials, where cannabidiol (CBD) extract applied on the fabric surface strengthened the fiber bioactivity. The design of the clothing technology was focused on keeping the hemp inherent properties on a steady level and avoiding the use of chemicals in each stage of the value chain from plant cultivation up to garment manufacture. The research covered the evaluation of phenolic acids content and The Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power FRAP antioxidant activity of the hemp fabric. The hemp fabric enriched with CBD was used for clothing preparation. The human trials covered wearing of the clothing by 15 volunteers for six weeks and evaluation of hemp garment effect on human skin. The skin parameters were tested twice, before and after six weeks of clothing wearing, according to the own methodology that included measurements of skin biophysical properties including tests of skin moisture, transepidermal water loss, and sebum. Also, the effect of the active substances present on the fabrics on the in vitro culture of human keratinocytes was evaluated. Results of the research proved, that the wearing of developed functional hemp clothing with CBD extracts applied on the fabric surface was safe and caused improvement of skin condition, which can have an influence on slowing down of skin aging. The invention covering the pure hemp functional clothing with hybrid bioactivity resulting from the joined activity of fiber and cannabidiol was applied for a patent, Patent Application No: P.438388, 2021.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

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