scholarly journals Evaluation of antidiarrhea and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract leaves of Gmelina arborea

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
O. Ajah ◽  
O.D. Omodamiro ◽  
M.A. Jimoh ◽  
C. Ewa-ibe
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Since ancient times, plants have commonly been used in folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments. This work evaluated the efficacy of methanol extract of Gmelina arborea leaf as antidiarrheal and antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activity was conducted using standard microbiological techniques and antidiarrheal activity of the extract was carried out with 24 Wistar rats which were randomly grouped into 6 (n = 4). Group 1 served as control and received distilled water (10 ml/kg), group 2 received Loperamide, groups 3 was administered 10ml/kg of castor oil only (negative control), group 4 through 6 received Gmelina arborea at different doses of 200mg/kg-800mg/kg respectively. Diarrheal was induced using oral administration of 10 ml/kg of castor oil. Animals were kept in separate metabolic cages with transparent plastic container beneath the cage to collect faces. Latency time, frequency of defecation, total surface of impregnation and fresh total stools weight were measured for 8 hrs. The results of the antimicrobial activity of Gmelina arborea leaf extract showed that Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were the most susceptible strains to Gmelina arborea extract with zone of inhibition of 9.73±0.64mm at 1000mg/kg of the extract. The feacal drops at 2/3hrs was significantly different (p<0.05) in all the extract groups when compared to the untreated group, however the extract treated groups showed non-significant (p>0.05) difference when compared to the standard drug. The findings from this study suggested that methanol leaf extract of Gmelina arborea contain pharmacologically active substances with antidiarrhea and antimicrobial properties.  

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of methanol extract of Colocasia gigantea Hook. f. leaves: evidenced from in vivo and in vitro studies along with computer-aided approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safaet Alam ◽  
Mohammad A. Rashid ◽  
Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker ◽  
Nazim Uddin Emon ◽  
Mohammad Arman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
In Silico Studies

Abstract Background Colocasia gigantea, locally named as kochu is well-known due to its various healing power. This research is to investigate the antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and antioxidant possibilities of the methanol soluble extract of Colocasia gigantea. Methods The antidiarrheal investigation was performed by using in vivo castor oil-induced diarrheal method whereas in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant investigation have been implemented by disc diffusion and DPPH scavenging method respectively. Moreover, in silico studies were followed by molecular docking analysis of several secondary metabolites that were appraised with Schrödinger-Maestro v11.1 and Biovia Discovery Studio. Results The induction of plant extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, b.w, p.o) has minimized the castor oil mediated diarrhea by 16.96% (p < 0.01) and 38.89% (p < 0.001) respectively compared to control group. The methanol extract of C. gigantea showed mild sensitivity against almost all the tested strains but it shows high consistency of phenolic content and yielded 67.68 μg/mL of IC50 value in the DPPH test. In the PASS prediction, selected isolated compounds have demonstrated significant antidiarrheal and antimicrobial activity following the Lipinski drug rules which have ascertained efficacy with the compounds in molecular docking study. Conclusion The results of this scientific research reflects that the methanol soluble extract of C. gigantea is safe and may provide possibilities of alleviation of diarrhea along with being a potential wellspring of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents which can be considered as an alternate source for exploration of new medicinal products in near future.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 3-FORMYL INDOLE BASED SCHIFF BASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Singh Gurvinder ◽  
Singh Prabhsimran ◽  
Dhawan R. K.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

In order to develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of 3-formyl indole based Schiff bases were synthesized by reacting 3-formyl indole(indole-3-carboxaldehyde) with substituted aniline taking ethanol as solvent. The reaction was carried in the presence of small amount of p-toluene sulphonic acid as catalyst.All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR spectral analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against two gram positive bacterial strains (B. subtilisand S. aureus) and two gram negative bacterial strains (P. aeruginosaand E. coli) and one fungal strain (C. albicans). All the synthesized compounds were found to have moderate to good antimicrobial activity. The  standard drug amoxicillin, fluconazole were used for antimicrobial activity. Among the synthesized compounds, the maximum antimicrobial activity was shown by compounds GS04, GS07, GS08 and GS10.

Effects of Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica papaya L.) on Cellular Proliferation and Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Mice Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
Y. Peristiowati ◽  
Y. Puspitasari ◽  
Indasah
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P53 Expression

This study is aimed at analyzing the anticancer properties of papaya leaf extract, specifically the inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptotic induction through nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and p53 pathways. Twenty-five mice (Mus musculus), aged 2 months and weighing 20–30 g, was injected with 0.5 mg dexamethasone for 7 days. The mice were then injected intracutaneously with 1 ml of HeLa cells (8 × 106 HeLa cells/microliter). The mice were divided into five groups (5 each): negative control (P1) (5% CMC-Na, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), treatment II (225 mg/kg BW (body weight) papaya leaves methanol extract), treatment III (450 mg/kg BW), treatment IV (750 mg/kg BW), and treatment PV (2 mg alcohol anticancer drug). Papaya leaf extract treatments were applied for 2 weeks. Then, the tumor tissue was isolated for hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical imaging was used to detect Ki-67, caspase-3, NF-κB, and p53 expression. Further analysis was undertaken using the ImmunoRatio software program. The results indicated that administration of papaya leaf methanol extract significantly increased the expression of NF-κB and p53 at a dose of 450 mg/kg BW. Our results also showed that the mice treated with 450 mg of papaya leaf extract per kg of BW (P3) had the largest increase of caspase-3 expression compared to the negative control group. Papaya leaf ethanol extract decreased the cancer cell proliferation index and increased apoptosis of cancer cells in animal models of cervical cancer; it may also work to increase NF-kB expression and expression of the p53 gene.

scholarly journals In vivo antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Nasrin ◽  
Md. Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

<p class="Abstract">In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of <em>Mikania cordata</em> and <em>Litsea monopetala</em> was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of <em>L. monopetala</em>. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of <em>M. cordata</em> and <em>L. monopetala</em> leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial, Hepatic and Nephritic Effects of Fractions of Methanol Leaf Extract of Glyphaea brevis in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tayo Micheal Anjuwon ◽  
Oluwafemi Abiodun Adepoju ◽  
Olufemi Adewale Adeniran
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Positive Control Serum

This study evaluated the antiplasmodial, hepatic and nephritic effects of fractions of Glyphaea brevis methanol leaf extract in P. berghei infected mice. Mice weighing between 15-30 g were infested intraperitoneally with 0.2ml plasmodium infected blood and left for 3 hours before treatment. Infected test groups were treated via oral route of administration with varying doses (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight) of ethylacetate, N-butanol and residual aqueous portion fractions of the Glyphaea brevis methanol extract and Artemisinin (5 mg/kg b.wt) for four days. N-butanol fraction showed the highest antiplasmodial activity (76.64%), followed by residual aqueous portion (73.25%) and ethylacetate (72.99%); Artemisinin has 86.13%. Serum bilirubin (total and conjugated) concentrations of the untreated group (0.82 ± 0.20, 0.51 ± 0.12) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in the infected group treated with 300 mg/kg of the residual aqueous portion (1.36 ± 0.20, 0.76 ± 0.05) respectively. Serum albumin levels showed significant (P<0.05) increase in all the groups treated compared to the positive control. Serum total protein, urea and creatinine levels of test groups were not significantly (P>0.05) different from the positive control group. Conclusively, Glyphaea brevis has substantial antiplasmodial activity and could provide a lead for new antimalarial drug development.

Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract ameliorates phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia and toxicity in Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel U. Akara ◽  
Okezie Emmanuel ◽  
Victor C. Ude ◽  
Chikezie Uche-Ikonne ◽  
Godswill Eke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum

Abstract Objectives Ocimum gratissimum L. is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections and anaemia. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of O. gratissimum leaf extract on phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anaemia and toxicity in rats. Methods The experimental rats were divided into five groups (A–E) (n=6/sex/group). Each rat in groups B–E was intraperitoneally administered 50 mg/kg of PHZ for two consecutive days. Group A (normal control) did not receive any PHZ, group B (negative control), group C received orally 5 mg/kg ferrous sulphate whereas groups D and E received 200 and 400 mg/kg O. gratissimum leaf extract respectively, for 14 days. Results Red blood cell count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and high-density lipoprotein increased significantly (p<0.05) whereas low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein decreased in extract-treated groups when compared to the negative control. O. gratissimum (400 mg/kg extract) and standard drug (5 mg/kg ferrous sulphate) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that O. gratissimum leaf extract has a restorative effect on the phenylhydrazine-induced metabolic distortions in the blood, liver, and kidney, and therefore could be used therapeutically as an anti-anaemic tonic.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening of Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Extracts by UPLC-QTOF-MS and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activity

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle St-Pierre ◽  
Dorian Blondeau ◽  
André Lajeunesse ◽  
Julien Bley ◽  
Nathalie Bourdeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Minimal Inhibition Concentration

The continual emergence of pathogen resistance is a recurring challenge and pushes for the development of antimicrobial compounds. Here, we investigated compounds from quaking aspen trees (Populus tremuloides) as potential antimicrobial agents. Several extractions using different solvents were realized, and corresponding antimicrobial activity was tested against eight microorganisms. Results revealed that polar extraction solvents including water, ethanol and methanol gave the best extraction yields (>15.07%). Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) demonstrated that water extracts had the best antimicrobial activity by a weak to moderate inhibition of growth of all eight tested microorganisms in addition to having a bactericidal effect on three of them. The quaking aspen methanol extract also displayed antimicrobial activity but to a lower level than the water extract. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis led to the identification of 92 compounds, mainly polyphenols in both extracts, with 22 molecules previously known for their antimicrobial properties. According to the relative abundance, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5.44% in methanol extract) and kaempferol (5.03% in water extract) were the most abundant antimicrobial compounds. Among antimicrobial molecules identified, nine were from the flavonoid family. The results of our study demonstrate the interest of using quaking aspen as source of antimicrobial compounds.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Activity of Pechuel-Loeschea leubnitziae Leaf Extract and its Effect on The Expression Level of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Candida albicans Virulence-Associated Genes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariah Ndilimeke Muhongo ◽  
Mourine Kangogo ◽  
Christine Bii
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

The complete halt in the synthesis of new effective antimicrobial compounds is a global concern. Pathogenic microorganisms' virulence mechanisms seem to have a significant impact on their pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol and methanol fractions of Pechuel-Loeschea leubnitziae leaf extract, as well as its effect on the expression level of virulence-associated genes.The extract's fractions were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans ATCC 90029. The test organism's antibiogram pattern was determined. The extracts' attenuation effect on the target genes of the susceptible organisms was investigated employing relative quantification using RT-qPCR. The test organism's antibiogram pattern revealed that it was drug-resistant, intermediate, and sensitive. The extracts tested positive for antimicrobial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans ATCC 90029, with zones of inhibition varying from 20.33 to 29 mm. The lowest recorded MIC value was 4.688 mg/ml, while the highest was 37.5 mg/ml. In contrast to the methanol extract, the ethanol extract had a cidal action at a lower dose. The ethanol extract's Sub-MIC (18.25 mg/ml) merely reduced the expression of the hly gene in MRSA. The MRSA virulence genes were not suppressed by the sub-MIC of methanol extract (18.25 mg/ml). Notably, the expression of als1, pbl1, and sap1 in Candida albicans ATCC 90029 was significantly attenuated when exposed to sub-MICs of ethanol extract (2,344 mg/ml) and methanol extract (9.375 mg/ml). Per the findings of this research, the leaves of P. leubnitziae could be a source of an effective antimicrobial agent in the therapy of MRSA/Candida-related disorders.

scholarly journals A CLINICAL EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF GOMUTRA ARKA IN DUSTA VRANA

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Singh ◽  
P. Ramesh Bhat ◽  
Sweta Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Classical Formulation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Trial Drug

Vrana chikitsha is very significant in field of Shalya tantra. Healing of Vrana is depends on many factors. Among them growth of microorganism play essential role to slow the process of healing. In Dusta Vrana to improve the healthy granulation and to reduce the colony count of microorganism specific Krimghna dravya is required for that in Shasthi upkrama under Krimighna karma Gomutra Arka is advised. Which has additional property of Lekhana and Ropana. Gomutra Arka is given importance in many oral classical formulation of Ayurveda to treat the Krimi, which is not evaluated for local application on Dusta Vrana yet. Materials and Methods: A simple randomized controlled clinical study where 50 patients were equally divided as group A: Gomutra Arka (trial drug) and Group B: Povidone-iodine (standard drug) for 14 days. Observations and results: The study result revealed that Gomutra Arka proved to be better Antimicrobial agents than povidone-iodine with a highly significant p-value of 0.04 in comparison to 0.68. It was also established in the study that 10mlGomutra Arka proved to be more effective on different microorganisms that are Staphylococcus Aureus, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Shigella, Salmonella, E. Coli, and Candida Albicans. Conclusion: The Gomutra Arka acts as an antimicrobial agent due to its property like Katu tikta kashya rasa which are Krimighna in nature by this inhibition of microorganism could happen also due to the Ushna tikshna and Kshara guna gives unfavorable environment for bacterial growth. The presence of constituents like copper, aurum, urea, ammonia further helps in antimicrobial activity. Therefore, Gomutra Arka can be used in regular practice as its available at a low cost, affordable and the study proves its efficiency over the Povidone-iodine controlled group.

scholarly journals Toxicity evaluation and protective effect of Rhus longipes Engl. leaf extract in paracetamol induced oxidative stress in wister rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Olubukola S. Olorunnisola ◽  
◽  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Abiodun O. Owoade ◽  
Babatunde T. Adesina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Test Of Significance ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Isolated Liver

Aim: Acute toxicity and protective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Rhus longipes Engl. against Paracetamol induced oxidative stress was investigated. The LD50 of the leaf extract was determined using up and down technique and the effect of 1/10th and 1/20th/ LD50 of the extract on antioxidants enzymes and non-enzymes were assessed in the serum and isolated liver of normal and Paracetamol intoxicated rats. Data obtained were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett’s t-test was used as the test of significance. Values were considered significant at P value < 0.05. The results obtained indicated that LD50 of Rhus longipes Engl. leaf extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg /body weight. A significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in the level of hepatic (H) TBARs (81.97%), Catalase (38.42%) and serum (S) TBARs (164.44%) and catalase (64.72%) respectively but, a significant (P<0.05) decrease in hepatic activities of SOD, GPX, GR, vitamin C and E in paracetamol treated groups when compared with the serum and normal control group respectively. The extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg/body/weight) and the standard silymarin significantly (p<0.05) restored the derange antioxidants parameters to near normal in dose dependent manners. The activities of the extract at the highest concentration (500 mg/kg/b.wt) compared favourably with the standard drug. The results suggested that the leaf extract of Rhus longipes Engl. contain bioactive compounds which could protect against toxicity induced oxidative stress. The results of this study can be used as a basis for further investigations in the search for the bioactive principle.

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