scholarly journals Encouraging Entrepreneurship for People with Disabilities in Indonesia: The United Nations’ ‘Leave No One Behind’ Promise

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Hardius Usman ◽  
◽  
Nucke Widowati Kusumo Projo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Education Levels

The various stigmas surrounding People with Disabilities (PWDs) make it difficult for them to find employment. Therefore, entrepreneurship is a way for PWDs to carry out economic activities. This study aims to analyze the employment conditions, the importance of entrepreneurship, and the entrepreneurial conditions carried out by PWDs in Indonesia. The source of data for this study is the 2018 Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS). The analysis techniques for this study include cross-tabulation, Pearson’s chi-square, and Likelihood Ratio (LR) for statistical tests. The results show that PWDs face major obstacles with participating in employment, with Women with Disabilities (WWDs) facing even more significant obstacles than Men with Disabilities (MWDs). Most PWDs, both men and women, have equal chances of becoming entrepreneurs. The vital role of entrepreneurship is also shown by the nature of entrepreneurship, as an independent effort that unnecessarily depends much on other parties so that PWDs have extra opportunities. The majority of PWDs who become entrepreneurs, with low education levels, live in rural areas and work in the agricultural sector, indicating that their businesses are small scale. Small companies tend to be vulnerable to competition, so that at any time, PWDs have the risk of losing their businesses.

scholarly journals Integration Efforts in Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Judit Beke Lisányi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Downward Pressure ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Capital Intensive

The economic and political transition brought many challenges for the Hungarian agricultural sector. The break-up of large agricultural holdings had serious negative impacts on food production and on the export of agricultural products. Capital intensive profit-seeking intermediaries dominate the trading of agricultural goods that has injurious effects in terms of downward pressure on production prices and an increase in consumer prices. Cooperatives have a key role in effectively tackling the common challenges that small-scale producers have to face. More vertical integration along the food chain could contribute to providing rural employment and to an increase in living standards in rural areas. This study reviews the development, the specific features and the driving forces of modern cooperatives in Central Europe in general, and in Hungary in particular. The focus is on the integrator role of cooperatives and their future role in our globalised world. JEL Classification: Q10, Q13

scholarly journals Agriculture production and rural development

2012 ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Attila Buday-Sántha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Balanced Development

In a national economy, the considerable part of its available territory consists of the so called rural area which is mainly used by the agricultural sector. In our days, the rural areas are characterized by the loss of their economic, administrative etc. functions. The agricultural sector is able to utilize the rural areas, though other economic activities play important role as well. To evaluate the agricultural sector in terms of the agribusiness, it is clear that the situation of the agricultural sector is not only decisive for the rural areas, but also for the whole national economy, and therefore, it is part of its balanced development.

scholarly journals Determinants of Off-farm Employment Participation of Women in Rural Uganda

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Fang Cheng ◽  
Haisen Zhang ◽  
Nobeji S. Boniphace
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Government

Off-farm employment in rural areas can be a major contributor to rural poverty reduction and decent rural employment. While women are highly active in the agricultural sector, they are less active than men in off-farm employment. This study analyzes the determinants of participation in off-farm employment of women in rural Uganda. The study is based on a field survey conducted in nine districts with the sample size of 1200 individual females. A two-stage Hechman’s sample selection model was applied to capture women’s decision to participate and the level of participation in non-farm economic activities. Summary statistics of the survey data from rural Uganda shows that: i) poverty and non-farm employment has a strong correlation, implying the importance of non-farm employment as a means for poverty reduction; and ii) there is a large gender gap to access non-farm employment, but the gender gap has been significantly reduced from group of older age to younger generation. The econometric results finds that the following factors have a significant influence on women’s participation in off-farm employment: education level of both the individual and household head (positive in both stages); women’s age (negative in both stages); female-headed household (negative in first stage); household head of polygamous marriage (negative in both stages); distance from major town (negative in the first stage); household size (positive in the second stage); dependency ratio (negative in the second stage); access to and use of government extension services (positive in the first stage); access to and use of an agricultural loan (negative in the second stage); and various district dummies variables. The implications of these findings suggest that those policies aimed at enhancing the identified determinants of women off-farm employment can promote income-generating opportunities for women groups in comparable contexts. In order to capitalize on these positive linkages, policies should be designed to improve skills and knowledge by providing education opportunities and increasing access to employment training, assistance services and loans for non-farm activities and by targeting women in female-headed, large and distant households. The government should increase investments in public infrastructure and services, such as roads, telecommunications and emergency support.

scholarly journals Impact of Vocational Training on Economic Empowerment of Youth in Rural Areas of Punjab

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-350
Author(s):  
Aliya Khalid ◽  
Uzma Aashiq ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Syed Salman Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Food Education

The current study was conducted to evaluate the role of Punjab Vocational Council in promoting empowerment of youth in rural areas of District Bhakkar. It was a case study of vocational training institutes working under Punjab Vocational Training Council (PVTC). Out of 06 vocational training institutes of District Bhakkar, 03 institutes were selected as sample, 180 pass-out trainees were selected from these institutions by using stratified random sampling method. It was a quantitative research, hence survey method was used to gather information from the respondents. Study findings clearly demonstrated that vocational training plays a vital role in improving economic status of youth and has not only increased their income, but has also increased their food, education and health expenditures as well. Study indicated that majority of respondents were involved in income generating activities and were able to add in their monthly family income. Chi-square tests confirmed that vocational training had a significant impact in enhancing economic conditions of youth in rural areas.

scholarly journals Integrating aspect of economic development in Ukrainian agriculture

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 312 (10) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Inna Bezhenar ◽  
Larisa Malik ◽  
Andrii Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Business Entities

The purpose of the article is to determine the directions of integration processes in the development of entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural sector of the economy. Research methods. Using statistical and graphical methods, the state and trends of integration transformations of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine were assessed. Research results. The dynamics of changes in the number of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine during 2013-2019, their structure on the basis of legal status, scope and results of activities are analyzed and the relevant conclusions on the ways of development of integration processes in the agricultural sector are formed. The functioning of agrarian business entities of different sizes has been studied. The integration potential of small business entities in the agricultural sector has been identified. The dynamics of the main production indicators of small and micro enterprises is given, their share in the total volume of agricultural production is determined. Also, small forms of management due to integration and cooperative processes provide an opportunity to develop in rural areas, making financial contributions to local budgets, while large enterprises (agricultural holdings) usually have minimal impact on the development of rural economy and rural areas. The main segments of agricultural production (such as potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries) in which households play a key role are identified. Priority areas for the development of personal farms have been identified, in particular, through the creation of family farms and their association in cooperatives, etc. The information base of the study is the scientific achievements of leading domestic and foreign scientists, analytical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. On the basis of the obtained results the social and economic expediency of development of cooperative forms of management in the countryside and integration of small-scale agricultural producers is substantiated. Scientific novelty. It is proposed to turn personal peasant farms into family farms as components of integration formations in agrarian business. Practical significance. The state of business structures of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy is assessed and the prospects and advantages of the development of integration formations and cooperation in the sustainable development of rural areas are outlined. Tabl.: 8. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 20.

Building a Water-saving Society in Rural Areas of the PRC During the 13 th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Natalya Prohorova
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
Control Water

Until recently, traditional methods of farming in the PRC required a much larger volume of water consumption than is necessary when irrigating individual crops, but in the 21st century, the situation began to change gradually. The modern level of technologies and measures taken for agricultural water conservation allows to control water consumption precisely. In the article measures taken for monitoring water consumption in the agricultural sector and associated transformations of the economic activities of modern Chinese villages are considered.

scholarly journals Regional Differences in Benefits from the EU Common Agricultural Policy in Poland and Their Policy Implications

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Ewa Kiryluk-Dryjska ◽  
Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Beneficial Impact

Although the beneficial impact of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the stabilization on farming income is undisputable, the distribution of benefits derived from the CAP between operators and regions gives rise to some controversy. The objective of this paper was to estimate regional differences in the benefits derived from the Common Agricultural Policy in Poland based on the partial equilibrium model of the European Union (EU) agricultural sector with simulated interventions. The expectations of farmers from different regions of Poland were represented as a non-cooperative game to define vectors of change in the agricultural policy. The theory of moves was applied to set the game between different groups of farmers. Our results demonstrate that both the 1st and the 2nd pillars of the CAP were more profitable to farmers from regions with a more advantageous agrarian structure and a higher agricultural potential compared to their peers from the regions with a fragmented agriculture. However, considering long-term development objectives of the Polish agriculture, the theory of moves outcome argues against compensating for these differences by increasing redistributive payments to farmers in less favorable regions. To prevent widening of regional differences and ensure the social and economic development of rural areas in regions with less favorable agrarian structures where agriculture is currently unable to compete, it would be critical to enhance conditions for alternative types of economic activities.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PERUBAHAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN AKTIVITAS EKONOMI DAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI KAWASAN SEGARA ANAKAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Andrian Ramadhan ◽  
Rani Hafsaridewi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Central Java

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perubahan lingkungan Segara Anakan terhadap kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat pesisir telah dilakukan pada bulan Mei - Juni 2011. Data yang dikumpulkan pada masyarakat di Desa Ujung Alang dan Klaces, Kecamatan Kampung Laut, Kabupaten Cilacap Provinsi Jawa Tengah dianalisis menggunakan analisis kesejahteraan rumah tangga berdasarkan indeks rumah tangga miskin menurut Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sepanjang periode tahun 1980 – 2011 terjadi pergeseran aktivitas perekonomian masyarakat pesisir dari pemanfaatan sumberdaya perairan ke pemanfaatan sumberdaya daratan(sektor pertanian) seiring dengan bertambahnya wilayah lahan timbul. Pendapatan rata-rata riil sebesar Rp 335.078/kapita/bulan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan garis kemiskinan untuk wilayah pedesaan di Propinsi Jawa Tengah (Rp. 179.982 /kapita/bulan) yang ditetapkan oleh BPS. Meskipun demikian, pada periode tersebut terjadi penurunan pendapatan sebesar 59%.Title: Impact of Environmental Changes to the Economic Activities and the Welfare of Coastal Communities in Segara AnakanThe study aims to determine the effect of environmental changes at Segara Anakan to the social and economic life of coastal communities have done in months May - June Data collected in the community in the village of Ujung Alang and Klaces, Sea Village District, the District Cilacap Central Java Province were analyzed using analysis of household welfare based index of poor households according to the Berau Statistic Central (BPS) and descriptive analysis. The results showed that during the period 1980 - 2011 there was a shift of economic activity from the coastal communities utilization of aquatic resources to the resource utilization of land (agricultural sector) along with increasing the area of land arise. The average real income of Rp 335,078/kapita/bulan higher than the poverty line for rural areas in Central Java (Rp 179,982 / capita/ month) set by the BPS. However, in the period revenue decline of 59%.

scholarly journals Contributions of Agroforestry on Socio-economic Conditions of Farmers in Central Punjab, Pakistan – A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H. Farooq ◽  
N.P. Gautam ◽  
M.H.U Rashid ◽  
M.M. Gilani ◽  
W. Nemin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
To Come

Abstract Agroforerstry (AF) in the farmlands of Punjab (Pakistan) is a tradition, but it was practiced without any proper methodology. From last few years, AF practices have become popular in Punjab. Especially in the rural areas woody biomass is being used as a major source of energy. The study was designed to examine the contributions of AF on the socio-economic conditions of the farmers in the central Punjab of Pakistan. District Chiniot was selected as the universe of study and a detailed survey was conducted in the three tehsiles by interviewing 150 randomly selected farmers with the use of a wellstructured questionnaire. In addition, secondary data was also collected from district agriculture offices. Chi-Square test was used for quantitative data analysis. Results showed that farmer’s annual income and household status was improved after practicing AF. Reasonably less poor farmers have more income increase than the poor farmers due to an extra investment, but income generation helped poor farmers to maintain the minimal living standards. Farmers perceived the advantage of trees immensely and the large scale farmers taking this as a genuine source of income. In adoption of AF, attitude of the farmers was independent of family size and settlement period, but was dependent on the occupation and number of livestock holding. The study suggested that, in the present financial scenario of the poor farmers, planting of suitable tree species with multiple benefits is an escape way to come out of the vicious circle of poverty. Along with that agroforestry can play a vital role in increasing the vegetation cover in forest deficient countries. Extension services and awareness programs should be arranged in the areas where people have negative attitude about AF practices, because the cultivated fields are the best places to grow the tree with crops. Moreover, subsidies and income generating project should be launched to motivate people towards AF.

scholarly journals Transformation of Rural Life on the Example of Farms in the South of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
Ludmila Namrueva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Agricultural Regions

The possibilities of small-scale economic activities, which include peasant (farm) farms, in the preservation and development of rural areas of the country, in solving the problems of employment and income of rural residents require a deep interdisciplinary analysis in order to develop effective support measures in the future. Farmers are a significant subject of socio-economic processes in modern Russian rural areas and the implementation of state food security programs. Most of their farms are multi-industry, they are engaged in grain growing, animal husbandry, vegetable growing, beekeeping, etc. In order to understand what processes are taking place in farms, what factors constrain and what, on the contrary, contribute to their development, how the farming way of life adapts to the conditions of constantly changing socio – economic reality, how farmers are integrated into the activities of rural societies, it is important to use various research practices to study the various aspects of farms in different regions of the country. This article uses sociological information obtained from rural residents of such large agricultural regions as the Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan, Volgograd regions, and Stavropol territory.

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