scholarly journals Revision and cassation in French military courts of the late XVIII – early XIX centuries: on the legal nature of permanent councils of revision

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
Mikhail Vladimirovich Krichevtsev
Keyword(s):  
Court Decisions ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Military Justice ◽  
French Military ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time

This article contains material on the history of the Permanent Councils of Revision – bodies of military justice in France of the late XVIII – early XIX centuries, which is examined in the Russian historiography for the first time, as well as poorly studied in the French historiography. Leaning on the legislative acts and works of the French lawyers of that time, analysis is conducted on the procedure for the formation of the councils of revision, and determination of their judicial competence. The article also raises the question on correlation of the concepts of “revision” and “cassation” in French military justice of the end of revolutionary and post-revolutionary eras. Consideration of the provisions of French jurisprudence of the early XIX century allows concluding that the concept of “revision” could also include cassation of court judgments. Comparison of the permanent councils of revision, which carried out the functions of cassation of court decisions, with the Cassation Tribunal (in the imperial time – the Court of Cassation) did not allow to equate these bodies, which were created separately for military and civilian justice. Having a different procedure for the formation of bench of judges, the permanent councils of revision were granted the limited authority to conduct cassation and were not of equal importance to the Court of Cassation.

scholarly journals Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Ultramafic Rocks from Rachoni Magnesite Mine, Gerakini (Chalkidiki, Northern Greece)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Evangelos Tzamos ◽  
Micol Bussolesi ◽  
Giovanni Grieco ◽  
Pietro Marescotti ◽  
Laura Crispini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Time In Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Eu

The importance of magnesite for the EU economy and industry is very high, making the understanding of their genesis for the exploration for new deposits a priority for the raw materials scientific community. In this direction, the study of the magnesite-hosting ultramafic rocks can be proved very useful. For the present study, ultramafic rock samples were collected from the magnesite ore-hosting ophiolite of the Gerakini mining area (Chalkidiki, Greece) to investigate the consecutive alteration events of the rocks which led to the metallogenesis of the significant magnesite ores of the area. All samples were subjected to a series of analytical methods for the determination of their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics: optical microscopy, XRD, SEM, EMPA, ICP–MS/OES and CIPW normalization. The results of these analyses revealed that the ultramafic rocks of the area have not only all been subjected to serpentinization, but these rocks have also undergone carbonation, silification and clay alteration. The latter events are attributed to the circulation of CO2-rich fluids responsible for the formation of the magnesite ores and locally, the further alteration of the serpentinites into listvenites. The current mineralogy of these rocks was found to be linked to one or more alteration event that took place, thus a significant contribution to the metallo- and petrogenetic history of the Gerakini ophiolite has been made. Furthermore, for the first time in literature, Fe inclusions in olivines from Greece were reported.

scholarly journals Women's Institutes in Imperial Russia in the wording of the normative documents (1764 – early XX century): terms, typology, dates

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-129
Author(s):  
Varvara Vital'evna Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Normative Documents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Class Composition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
Departmental Affiliation

The subject of this research is the foundation of women’s education system in the Russian Empire, namely of the Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria, which totaled up to three dozen by the early XX century. Actualization of the knowledge about the best examples of the Russian school in the past is determined by the fundamental importance of education in the context of ongoing modernization of the country. The topic of Women's institutes of Imperial Russia, which existed for over 150 years, is poorly studied. Despite the extensive source base, in the historical literature one can often come across improper names of the institutes, determination of their departmental affiliation, class composition of the students, as well as incorrect dating and topography. Using the historical-systemic and typological analysis, the author determines and clarifies the conceptual framework of the problematic as a necessary research toolset. The author's contribution to selected topic consists in discovery of a wide variety of sources, including those introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time, accurate names of the institutes and variations in the official documents and everyday practice., their renaming and the causes. The article also traces the dynamics of changes in the class and confessional composition of students since the establishment of the institutes until the beginning of the XX century. Subordination and departmental affiliation at different stages of the history of these institutes is clarified.

scholarly journals Ethnic maps of Ukrainian lands in works of Ukrainian and Russian scientists of the second half of XIX century

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Andriy Baitsar
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethnic Mapping ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time

The study considered the development of ideas about the limits of settling the Ukrainian people in connection with the compilation of ethnographical map of the Austrian and Russian monarchies, since the 40s of XIX century. The views of Ukrainian and Russian researchers who have studied this issue during different periods are analysed. In the manuscript “Geography of Ptolemy” in 1420 (the author is unknown), the map “Sarmatia” (Sarmatias) (the name of the map is conditional) Ukrainian lands were depicted for the first time and for the first time the map contained the inscription “Sarmatia”. Nicolaus Hermanus, who revised the content of “Geography” by Claudius Ptolemy (Cosmographia Claudii Ptolomaei Alexandrini Manuscript, 1467), first placed the name “European Sarmatia” (Sarmatia Єvropє) on the handwritten map of 1467. In the second (the first one with maps) Bologna edition 1477 (26 maps) of Claudia Ptolemy's “Geography” also contained a map of “European Sarmatia”. In the next Roman edition (1478) the Eighth Map of Europe (Octava Europe Tabula) and the Second Map of Asia (Secunda Asiae Tabula) are contained, which the Ukrainian lands are depicted in. Based on a detailed study and analysis of cartographic sources, summarizing the results of ethnographic, historical and geographical research of Ukrainian ethnic territory tracked changes in the boundaries of settling the Ukrainian ethnos. In the early nineteenth century in many European countries, regular population censuses had been introduced and ethnographic studies related to the Ukrainian national revival had been intensified. It created objective prerequisites for the beginning of ethnic mapping in the 1920s and became possible to map the composition of the population in detail, literally by settlements, to determine the absolute and relative share of a particular nationality in a certain territory. The main cartographic works of Ukrainian and Russian scientists, which depict the Ukrainian ethnic territory, are chronologically highlighted. Many ethnic maps have been described. On the basis of elaboration of a considerable number of cartographic and literary sources, the history of ethnographic mapping of the territory of Ukrainian settlements is chronologically covered. Key words: ethnographic researching, map, Ukrainian lands, ethnos.

scholarly journals Organization of Medical Care for Prisoners of Tobolsk Prison Castle: End of XVIII — First Half of XIX Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-343
Author(s):  
N. I. Zagorodnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Material Base ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Private Charity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time

The article examines the initial period of the formation of penitentiary medicine on the example of the prison hospital of the Tobolsk prison castle (ostrog). The article is the first work on the history of penitentiary medicine in the Tobolsk province. The study was based on a wide range of sources, the most significant are documents from central and regional archives, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the first half of the XIX century. The legal framework of penitentiary medicine is being formed, the execution of legislative and subordinate acts can be traced in the activities of the prison administration, its interaction with the West Siberian Governor-General, civil governors, and state institutions. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the organization of medical care for prisoners. The development of the hospital’s material base depended not only on the amount of state funds allocated, but to a greater extent on the contributions of the charitable foundation of the provincial prison trust committee, as well as private charity. The management of the hospital was carried out by doctors of the civil medical service, only in 1854, by the decision of the Governing Senate, the position of a doctor was introduced into the prison staff. The causes of morbidity and mortality of prisoners are analyzed, the sacrificial feat of prison doctors during the cholera epidemic of 1848 is noted.

scholarly journals FRIEDRICH BRAUELL: LIFE AND RESEARCH

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
M. V. Trushin
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
History Of ◽  
Veterinary School ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Russian Medical

The article, written on the basis of data from the Russian and European archives, is the most complete biography of the famous figure of the Russian medical and veterinary science of the middle of the XIX century Friedrich Brauell, one of the pioneers of anthrax research. The article describes in detail the period of formation of F. Brauell as a scientist – his education received in Germany, visit to the Russian Empire for service, confirmation of academic degree received at homeland. His first steps in the field of teaching and science at Kazan University are discussed in details, his efforts to create a collection of anatomical preparations are described. The main part of the article is devoted to his work in Derpat (Tartu) Veterinary School, where he fully revealed his talent as a major organizer of scientific and educational activities. Particular attention is paid to its study of the problem of anthrax and plague. In addition, the article deals with the issues of his personal life and family for the first time. Thus, the material contained in the article can be useful for scientists studying the history of medicine, infectious diseases and veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Ethnic maps of Ukrainian lands in works of West-European scientists of XIX century

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Andriy Baitsar
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Ethnic Mapping ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time

The study examined the development of ideas of the limits of the Ukrainian people settling in connection with the compilation of ethnographical maps of Austrian and Russian monarchies since the 20s of XIX century. The views of researchers who have studied this question in different periods are analyzed. For the first time, the Ukrainian ethnic territory was reflected in printed form in 1477 in Bologna edition of C. Ptolemy’s “Geography”. The map was prepared by the chalcography method with a minor reworking of N. German. Since then this map was included to all of 57 editions of this “Geography” until 1730. Changes in the boundaries of the settling of the Ukrainian nation were tracked based on a detailed study and analysis of cartographic sources, summarizing the results of ethnographic, historical and geographical research of Ukrainian ethnic territory. Regular censuses of the population were introduced in the early XIX century in many European countries and ethnographic research connected with the Ukrainian national revival was significantly intensified. It created the objective preconditions for the beginning of ethnic mapping in the 1820s. It was possible to map the composition of the population in detail, individually by settlements and to determine the absolute and relative part of a separate nationality in a certain territory. Basic cartographic works reflected the ethnic Ukrainian territory were chronologically depicted. A description of many ethnic maps was made. The history of the ethnographic mapping of the territory of the settling of Ukrainians was chronologically analyzed based on the processing a significant number of maps and literature sources. Key words: ethnographic research, map, Ukrainian lands, ethnos.

scholarly journals Novyi Mishor – first country-style resort on the South Coast of Crimea (1898-1920): reconstruction of sociocultural history

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-127
Author(s):  
Andrey Vasil'evich Karagodin ◽  
Mariya Mikhailovna Petrova
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The South ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

The subject of this research is the history of the first of country-style resort appeared on the South Coast of Crimea at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries on the lands of country estates of New Mishor belonged to Shuvalov-Dolgorukov family. The phenomenon of country-style construction on the South Coast of Crimes, which starting point was the foundation of the Novyi Mishor, is viewed in the context of the processes of economic and sociocultural modernization of Russian society, formation of self-identification mechanisms of the emerging “middle class”, and new urban culture. Special attention is given to the period from 1917 to 1920, when the cultural figures left the capital and resided in the villages of Novyi Mishor. Based on examination the body of historical sources, many of which introduced to the scientific discourse for the first time, the author formed the database of villages and countryside residents of Novyi Mishor. A vast array of archival funds, reference literature, sources of personal provenance (memoirs, correspondence), and visual sources was attracted in the course of research. The novelty of consists in establishment of identities and social status of the residents of country resort of Novyi Mishor, determination of a range of sources for its further research, reconstruction of chronology of the development of this resort, details of everyday life and mentality traits of the residents, among which were the prominent figures of culture and art of Russia of that time – writers, actors, painters, scholars, and philanthropists.

scholarly journals History of development of pedagogical skill in Russia: an outside perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Andrei Aleksandrovich Ostapenko
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Russian Education

This peer review analyzes a monograph “Pedagogical Skill in Russia: history, theory, practice (mid XVIII – XX centuries” by L. A. Milto published in Ukrainian language in Kiev (2008). The goal of peer review lies in familiarization of the Russian language experts in the area of history of education and national pedagogical thought with a new perspective upon the development of pedagogical practice in Russia for the period of two and a half centuries. Modesty of the edition (300 printed copies) and language of publication makes the book virtually unreachable for the Russian audience. The review of the presented monograph is carried out in the context of retrospective analysis of the entire Ukrainian scientific school of pedagogical art. It is underlined that this research represents a worthy development of ideas of the academician I. A. Zazyun. Novelty of the monograph consists in viewing the evolution of Russian education in the aspect of determination of pedagogical findings, approaches of pedagogical art of school teachers and university pedagogues. Of special relevance is the analysis of memoir literature on the lecturing skill of the prominent Russian professors of the XIX century and pedagogical activity of theatrical pedagogues, stage directors and actors of the early XX century. L. A. Milto’s monograph greatly contributes to the history of development of the national pedagogy.

scholarly journals Rauner - one and a half centuries in the service of forestry in Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.А. Липин
Keyword(s):  
State Planning ◽  
State Planning Commission ◽  
Deputy Chairman ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Private Collections

В статье впервые в обобщенном виде приводятся ранее неопубликованные сведения о судьбе и деятельности представителей династии выходцев из Австрии Раунеров на русской службе и в послереволюционный период. На основе архивных материалов, редких и малодоступных публикаций, а также материалов из частных собраний отражены малоизвестные страницы истории лесного хозяйства России. Непосредственно к лесному делу России имели отношение целый ряд представителей клана Раунеров. Юлий Карлович Раунер, который учился в Лисинском учебном лесничестве. С 1855 г. Ю.К. Раунер главный лесничий Екатеринбургского горного округа. Наибольшей известности в лесоводстве достиг Станислав Юльевич Раунер, лесовод, мелиоратор, теоретик и практик горно-облесительных работ, проводимых в целях борьбы с эрозией почв и селевыми потоками. После окончания Алексеевского Екатеринбургского Реального училища с 1879 по 1882 год С.Ю Раунер являлся студентом Лесного института в Петербурге. Влияние леса на режим поверхностных и подземных вод составляло предмет особенно тщательного изучения С.Ю. Раунера. С середины 80-х годов XIX в. до 1917 года С.Ю. Раунером было написано большинство научных трудов, составлено множество инструкций и программ, непосредственно по географическому, биологическому и другим исследованиям. После Революции с 1917 г. С.Ю. Раунер работал в Москве в ВСНХ в должности Заместителя председателя Госплана. В 1920 году был выбран профессором лесного института в Петрограде. For the first time, the article summarizes previously unpublished information about the fate and activities of representatives of the dynasty of come from Austria, Rauner in Russian work for the government and in the post-revolutionary period. On the basis of archival materials, rare and inaccessible publications, as well as materials from private collections, little-known pages of the history of forestry in Russia are described. A number of representatives of Rauner clan were directly involved in forestry in Russia. Julius Karlovich Rauner, who studied at the Lisinsky training forestry. Since 1855, Yu.K. Rauner is the chief forester in the Yekaterinburg mountain district. Stanislav Yulievich Rauner, a forest grower, land reclamator, theoretician and practitioner of mining and afforestation works carried out to combat soil erosion and mudflows, became the most famous in forestry. After graduating from the Alekseevsky Yekaterinburg Real School from 1879 to 1882, S.U. Rauner was a student at the Forest Institute in St. Petersburg. The influence of the forest on the regime of surface and groundwaters was the subject of a particularly thorough study by S.Yu. Rauner. Since the mid 80s of the XIX century. until 1917 S.Yu. The majority of scientific works were the rauner, many instructions and programs were compiled, directly on geographical, biological and other studies. After the Revolution since 1917, S.Yu. Rauner worked in Moscow at the Supreme Economic Council as a Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Commission. In 1920 he was chosen as a professor at the Forestry Institute in Petrograd.

scholarly journals GENESIS OF TURKISH HISTORICAL NOVEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
Zh. Abeldaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Novel ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Western Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Classical Prose ◽  
First Time ◽  
Literary Period

The Turkish historical novel has a history of birth, formation and development. It developed closely related to its historical reality. If the prose patterns based on the first historical novels were reflected in the medieval classical prose of the Turks, then it was formed in the nineteenth century in the literary period of the Tanzimat on the basis of European prose. Therefore, the genesis of the historical novel of the Turks was based not only in the XIX century, but also in medieval Divan literature and folk tales. Due to the fact that the XIX century saw significant changes in world culture, Anatolian Turkish literature did not lag behind this process. Major reforms in the Ottoman society of the XIX century also covered cultural and literary aspects. In particular, they have undergone a major cultural and literary modernization. For the first time, the Ottoman society is approaching European civilization. In some cases, he even wanted to show his Imperial character. However, in this context, the elements of Western culture began to enter into the Turkish culture. Based on the cultural modernization of the Turks, literary processes went through a difficult period. But, despite the fact that the historical novel of the Turks in this period was particularly in demand, and therefore it aroused the interest of Turkish writers. In the literary period of the Tanzimat, the first historical novels adopted the rules of the Western model, but the historical truth was connected only with the reality of the Ottoman Empire.

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