scholarly journals Biological features and conditions of surface cultivating of a strain-producer of microbiopreparation Т-1 Trichoderma sp. against pathogen causing fusarium on oil flax

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (183) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
L.V. Maslienko ◽  
◽  
A.Kh. Voronkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Spore Formation ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
Fungus Mycelium

To develop technological regimen for production of microbiopreparations in a preparation form ‘wetting powder’ we studied biological features and conditions of surface cultivating of a strain-producer Т-1 Trichoderma sp. – an antagonist of pathogen Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Shyd. et Hans. var. orthoceras (App. еt Wr.) Bilai and Fusarium poae (Peck) Wollenw., Lewis on oil flax. To study cultural and physiological qualities of the strainproducer we used agar and liquid mediums. Surface cultivation of a fungus on agar and liquid Rudakov’s medium at a temperature 25–30 оС was the most favorable for mycelium growth and spore formation. Stationary fungus cultivation on liquid medium with рН from 3 to 6 provided maximal mycelium growth with spore formation and the highest dry mass. Addition of starch into the Chapek’s nutrient medium caused maximal growth of fungus mycelium and increase of its dry mass. The best source of nitrogen for a fungus strain was corn extract. Rudakov’s and No1 mediums are optimal compound liquid nutrient mediums for a surface cultivation of the strain-producer. Optimal period of the surface cultivation of the fungal strain Т-1 Trichoderma sp. on liquid Rudakov’s nutrient medium was 10 days, and a volume of sowing culture to a nutrient medium – 2.0%.

scholarly journals Biological features and conditions of the surface cultivation of a strain-producer of microbiopreparation 11-3 Bacillus sp. – an antagonist of fusarium pathogens infecting oil flax

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (184) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
L.V. Maslienko ◽  
◽  
A.Kh. Voronkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
Carbon Nutrition

To develop a technological regimen of production of microbiopreparation in a preparative form ‘wettable powder’ (WP) we studied biological features and conditions of surface cultivation of the strainproducer 11-3 Bacillus sp. – an antagonist of fusariosis pathogen infecting oil flax. Cultural qualities of the strain-producer were studied in three agarized mediums. The optimal conditions for cultivation of the strain-producer on liquid nutrient mediums are estimated: temperature – 30–35 оС, рН – 8–10. As a source of carbon nutrition, glycerin and molasses can be used. Yeastrel and corn-steep concentrate are the optimal sources of nitrogen nutrition; the Tylon’s medium is optimal compound liquid nutrient medium for cultivation of the perspective bacterial strain 11-3 Bacillus sp. Optimal period of the surface cultivation of the bacterial strain 11-3 Bacillus sp. on the liquid nutrient Tylon’s medium was ten days, and a volume of sowing culture to nutrient medium – 2.0%.

scholarly journals Respuestas morfofisiológicas de la raíz del arroz (Oryza sativa L.) variedad SFL 11 en fase de semillero a la aplicación de cepa nativa de Trichoderma sp. y lixiviados de vermicompost bovino

2020 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Jorge Antonio Chávez Vergara ◽  
Antonio Torres García ◽  
Edixon Agustín Espinoza Vera ◽  
Diego Efrén Zambrano Pazmiño
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Native Strain ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
El Sistema

Morphophysiological response of the rice root (Oryza sativa L.) variety SFL 11 in the seedbed phase to the application of the native strain of Trichoderma sp. and leached from bovine vermicompost Ecuador ocupa el lugar 26 a nivel mundial en la producción de arroz con un consumo percápita de 48 kilogramos anuales. En el país, Manabí es la tercera provincia, con 8 710 hectáreas sembradas y rendimiento promedio de 5,58 tha-1. El sistema radicular constituye la primera línea de defensa de las plantas, indispensable para la productividad de los cultivos. En la rizosfera se encuentran microorganismos benéficos, uno de ellos es el hongo Trichoderma, cosmopolita en suelos gracias a su gran plasticidad ecológica y caracterizado, entre otras funciones, por su efecto estimulador en el crecimiento vegetal al colonizar raíces aumentando los pelos radiculares y la extensión en profundidad de enraizamiento. Por otra parte, los bioestimulantes a base de sustancias húmicas promocionan el crecimiento radicular. El experimento se realizó para evaluar si hay inducción a repuestas morfofisiológicas en las raíces por una cepa nativa de Trichoderma sp. y el lixiviado de vermicompost bovino en el arroz (Oryza sativa L.) variedad SFL 11 en fase de semillero. La investigación se condujo en diseño de bloques completamente al azar con 8 tratamientos, seis con Trichoderma sp., uno con lixiviado de vermicompost bovino y el testigo con agua y se realizó en la parroquia Charapotó del cantón Sucre en la provincia de Manabí. A los 25 días después de la siembra fue determinado a las raíces la longitud (cm), volumen (mL) y masa seca (g) a un total de 20 plantas de las cuatro réplicas del experimento y los resultados sometidos a análisis de varianza simple y las medias comparadas mediante prueba de Duncan al 5%. El análisis estadístico demostró efecto benéfico significativo de los bioestimulantes Trichoderma sp., y el lixiviado de vermicompost bovino en la longitud y el volumen radicular, mientras que la biomasa seca demostró diferencias numéricas en crecimiento de las plantas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) variedad SFL 11 en fase de semillero en comparación al tratamiento testigo. Palabras clave: Microorganismos benéficos; Trichoderma; bioestimulantes; rizósfera. Abstract Ecuador occupies the 26th place worldwide in the production of rice with a per capita consumption of 48 kilograms per year. In the country, Manabí is the third province, with 8 710 hectares planted and an average of 5.58 tha-1. The root system constitutes the first line of defense of the plants, necessary for the productivity of the crops. In the rhizosphere are specifically functional microorganisms, one of them is the fungus Trichoderma, cosmopolitan in soils thanks to its great ecological plasticity and characterized, among other functions, by its stimulating effect on plant growth by colonizing roots, increasing the root hairs and extension in depth of rooting. On the other hand, biostimulants based on vermicompost leachate promotes root growth. The experiment was carried out to evaluate if there is induction to morphophysiological responses in the roots by a native strain of Trichoderma sp. and the leaching of bovine vermicompost in rice (Oryza sativa L) variety SFL 11 in the seedling stage. The investigation was conducted in completely randomized block design with 8 treatments, six with Trichoderma sp., one with leachate of bovine vermicompost and the control with water and was carried out in the Charapoto parish of the Sucre canton in the province of Manabí. At 25 days after sowing the length (cm), volume (mL) and dry mass (g) were determined to the roots at a total of 20 plants of the four replicates of the experiment and the results subjected to simple variance analysis and the means compared by 5% Duncan test. Statistical analysis showed a significant beneficial effect of Trichoderma sp. Biostimulants, and leaching of bovine vermicompost in root length and volume, while dry biomass showed numerical differences in the growth of rice plants (Oryza sativa L) variety SFL 11 in the seedbed compared to the control treatment. Keywords: Beneficial microorganisms; Trichoderma; biostimulants; rhizospher.

scholarly journals Estimation of the period of permanence of Cordia americana seedlings in protected environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Jonathan William Trautenmüller ◽  
Juliane Borella ◽  
Sergio Costa Junior ◽  
Rafaelo Balbinot ◽  
Renata Reis de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Daily Increment ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Optimal Period

The use of new tools as the technical criterion of interception of the curves of average daily increment and current daily are useful for indicating the optimal period of permanence of the plants in the protected environment. The objective of this study was to determine the length of stay of the Cordia americana (Linnaeus) Gottshling & JE Mill seedlings in protected environment based on the morphological parameters height, base diameter and total dry mass of the seedlings and in the intercept between daily increment curves and increment daily average.  The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with subdivided plots with a 2 x 2 factorial scheme. The criteria were defined based on the growth curves and intercept between curves of daily increment and average daily increment. The volume of substrate that could be explored by the root system and the density of seedlings per tray influenced the growth, in general larger seedlings were obtained in larger tubes. The period of stay of the seedlings in the nursery varies from 150 to 250 days depending on the treatment used using the dry mass as a quality parameter. The technical criterion used to intercept the curves of daily increment and average daily increment is useful in decision making, with a view to the evaluation of the quality standard of the seedlings.

scholarly journals Selection and Characterization of Resistance in Mango Embryogenic Cultures to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. Phytotoxin

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 695d-695
Author(s):  
Jayasankar Subramanian ◽  
Richard E Litz ◽  
Raymond J. Schnell
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Extracellular Production ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Embryogenic Cultures ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Dual Cultures ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Fungus Mycelium

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is the most serious production and postharvest problem of mango. Most mango cultivars are highly susceptible to this disease. Embryogenic nucellar cultures of two cultivars, `Hindi' and `Carabao', were recurrently selected with either the purified phytotoxin or the crude culture filtrate produced by the fungus. Mycelium growth was suppressed in dual cultures involving the recurrently selected lines. Enhanced extracellular production of proteins was observed in the embryogenic cultures and in regenerants, including a newly expressed acidic chitinase isozyme (`Hindi') and greater expression of two other chitinase isozymes (`Hindi' and `Carabao'). Activity of α-1,3-glucanase was also substantially increased in the recurrently selected lines. Resistant lines were characterized using RAPDs on the basis of polymorphisms generated by eight different primers. In most cases, the differences involved the absence of RAPD markers in resistant lines.

scholarly journals Agrobiological evaluation of new apple clonal rootstocks of the Michurinsk State Agrarian University selection using different breeding methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Zinaida N. Tarova ◽  
Nataliya L. Churikova ◽  
Maxim L. Dubrovsky ◽  
Andrey V. Kruzhkov ◽  
Natalya N. Savelyeva
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Clonal Micropropagation ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
University Selection

The results of many years of research on propagation of promising forms of clonal stocks of apple trees of the Michurinsk State Agrarian University selection in the mother plantation by stooling, by herbaceous cuttings and by clonal micropropagation are presented. According to the complex of economic and biological features, promising clonal rootstocks of an apple tree with high shoot-forming capacity in the mother plant were identified: dwarf apple trees 2-3-49, 2-15-2, 2-15-15, 3-4-7, 5-21-27; semi dwarf apple trees 2-3-14, 2-9-49, 2-9-102, 2-12-10, 5-24-1, 5-27-1. The rootstocks that are promising for propagation by herbaceous cuttings – 2-3-14, 2-3-49, 2-12-10, 2-15-15, 3-4-7, 5-21-93; at the same time, treatment with exogenous promoters such as IBA and NAA at a concentration of 50 mg/l increases the yield and quality of stock material. A modified MSO nutrient medium with the addition of 0.5-1.0 mg/l of 6-BAP and 0.1-0.2 mg/l of IBA is selected for the clonal micropropagation of apple stocks.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Morinda citrifolia leaf extracts against Colletotrichum acutatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oktira Roka Aji ◽  
Larasati Haliimah Roosyidah
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Fungus Mycelium ◽  
Poisoned Food Technique

Anthracnose is a plant disease that can infect a variety of plants worldwide. Fungal pathogen groups are the cause of anthracnose, one of which is Colletotrichum acutatum. Morinda citrifolia is famous for having antimicrobial activity. This study aims to determine the antifungal activity of M. citrifolia leaves extract against the growth of the fungus C. acutatum. The extract solvent used was 96% ethanol. The experiment consisted of five treatments (0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and propineb 0.1% as positive control). The method used in this study was the poisoned food technique. In this technique, C. acutatum was grown on PDA media mixed with M. citrifolia leaves extract. Antifungal activity was observed based on reduced mycelium growth compared to control. Observations were made every day by measuring the diameter of the fungus mycelium for eleven days. The analysis showed that 60% M. citrifolia leaves extract effectively inhibited the growth of the mycelium C. acutatum on the eleventh day of observation.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. against the soybean pathogenic Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie G. Chacón-Orozco ◽  
César Bueno ◽  
David I. Shapiro-Ilan ◽  
Selcuk Hazir ◽  
Luís G. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Fungus Mycelium ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Fungus Growth

AbstractThe fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes white mold disease and infects a broad spectrum of host plants (> 500), including soybean with yield losses of up to 70%. Biological control is a potential alternative for management of this severe plant pathogen, and relative to chemical fungicides, provides broad benefits to the environment, farmers and consumers. The symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp., are characterized by the production of antimicrobial compounds, which could serve as potential sources for new bio-fungicides. The objectives of this study were to assess cell-free supernatants (CFS) of 16 strains of these bacteria cultures on S. sclerotiorum mycelium growth; assess the volatiles of X. szentirmaii cultures on the fungus mycelium and sclerotium inhibition; and evaluate the X. szentirmaii cultures as well as their CFS on the protection of soybean seeds against the white mold disease. Among the 16 strains, the CFS of X. szentirmaii showed the highest fungicidal effect on growth of S. sclerotiorum. The CFS of X. szentirmaii inhibited > 98% of fungus growth from mycelium and sclerotia, whereas the volatiles generated by the bacterium culture inhibited to 100% of fungus growth and 100% of sclerotia production. The bacterial culture diluted to 33% in water and coated on soybean seeds inhibited S. sclerotiorum and protected soybean plants, allowing 78.3% of seed germination and 56.6% of plant development. Our findings indicate potential for a safe and novel control method for S. sclerotiorum in soybean. Moreover, this is the first study to indicate that volatile organic compounds from Xenorhabdus spp. can be used in plant disease suppression.

Characterization and antagonistic effect of isolated Trichoderma sp. against pathogens under Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Kumar Meena ◽  
Ashok Kumar Meena
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

A green house experiment was conducted at Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Bikaner, to characterize the eight isolates of Trichoderma sp. ( TH-8, TH-SOG, TH-HMG, TH-BKN, TH-SIK, TH-DUP, TH-JOB and TH-JAI) were collected from different locations of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) fields in western Rajasthan and tested for their antagonistic property against soil borne plant pathogens. It was further studied for morphological and physiological characteristics such as color of mycelium, pigmentation of substrate, type, amount of mycelium growth, effect of temperature and pH. It was observed that, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media, temp range 25-300C and pH 7.0-7.5 were found most effective for optimum growth and sporulation of TH-8. The isolate Trichoderma harzianum-8 (isolated from SKRAU Bikaner, Rajasthan ) was found best up to 70 per cent of inhibition of mycelial growth of different clusterbean pathogen viz., Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

scholarly journals Fibroporia gossypium in northeastern Poland – a preliminary study

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Żółciak ◽  
Monika Małecka ◽  
Katarzyna Sikora ◽  
Grzegorz Tarwacki ◽  
Zbigniew Sierota
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
Average Loss

A <em>Fibroporia gossypium</em> (Speg.) Parmasto fruit-body was found on a Norway spruce [<em>Picea abies</em> (L.) Karst.] stump in the northeast of Poland (Waliły forest district). The mycelium from wood samples was sequenced (KF725876), identified and used to examine: (i) linear growth of the mycelium on malt-extract medium and (ii) the decay of spruce wood samples. We observed slow mycelium growth (84 mm colony diameter after 28 days). After the first 3 months of wood decay, the average loss of dry mass was 6.7%. After next 3 months, a further loss of 15.4% (the average loss) was recorded until finally 35.98% loss (the maximum loss of wood for a single sample) occurred. <em>Fibroporia gossypium</em> can be considered as a protective biological agent against root rot in threatened Norway spruce stands.

scholarly journals Bio-mining of Lanthanides from Red Mud by Green Microalgae

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Čížková ◽  
Dana Mezricky ◽  
Marian Rucki ◽  
Tivadar Tóth ◽  
Vít Náhlík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Intracellular Accumulation ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
Parachlorella Kessleri ◽  
Lanthanide Content

Red mud is a by-product of alumina production containing lanthanides. Growth of green microalgae on red mud and the intracellular accumulation of lanthanides was tested. The best growing species was Desmodesmus quadricauda (2.71 cell number doublings/day), which accumulated lanthanides to the highest level (27.3 mg/kg/day), if compared with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Parachlorella kessleri (2.50, 2.37 cell number doublings and 24.5, 12.5 mg/kg per day, respectively). With increasing concentrations of red mud, the growth rate decreased (2.71, 2.62, 2.43 cell number doublings/day) due to increased shadowing of cells by undissolved red mud particles. The accumulated lanthanide content, however, increased in the most efficient alga Desmodesmus quadricauda within 2 days from zero in red-mud free culture to 12.4, 39.0, 54.5 mg/kg of dry mass at red mud concentrations of 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1%, respectively. Red mud alleviated the metal starvation caused by cultivation in incomplete nutrient medium without added microelements. Moreover, the proportion of lanthanides in algae grown in red mud were about 250, 138, 117% higher than in culture grown in complete nutrient medium at red mud concentrations of 0.03, 0.05, 0.1%. Thus, green algae are prospective vehicles for bio-mining or bio-leaching of lanthanides from red mud.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document