The Bearer of the Traditions of Musical Performing Art in Society (On the Example of Kazakh Kobyzists and Ukrainian Kobzars)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Т. Шарипбаева
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
General Description ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Performing Art

В данной статье автор анализирует роль традиционного носителя музыкально-исполнительского искусства в социуме. На примере кобзарей и кобызистов раскрываются выполняемые ими функции в традиционном обществе. Описываются исторические особенности кобзарства, их жанры и традиции, с отсылкой к известным этнографам Ф. Колессе и Т. Шевченко. Автор обосновывает общее тюркское происхождение украинской кобзы и казахского кобыза. В статье дается характеристика деятельности кобызистов, с учетом работ известных этнографов А. Х. Маргулана и А. Ф. Эйхгорна. Рассматриваются примеры слепых кобызистов в истории казахского общества (Нышан, Шоже), а также описана династия исполнителей на кобызе, начиная с Ыхыласа Дукенова. Автор сопоставляет общее и особенное в истории развития народного искусства игры на кобзе и кобызе, показывает возможности поддержки и возрождения этого искусства в современном обществе. Предлагается введение статуса традиционного носителя музыкально-исполнительского искусства и его предназначения в современном обществе, дается авторская дефиниция вводимого термина. In this article, the author analyzes the role of the traditional carrier of musical and performing arts in society. He considers the creativity of kobzars and kobyzists to reveal the functions performed by them in the traditional society. It describes the historical features of kobzarstvo, their genres and traditions, with reference to the famous ethnographers F. Kolessa and T. Shevchenko. The author bases the general origin of instruments of ukrainian kobza and kazakh kobyz. The article gives a general description of the activities of kobyzists, with reference to the famous ethnographers A. H. Margulan and A. F. Eichhorn. Presented the examples of the blind kobzarey players in the history of the kazakh society (Nyshan, SHozhe). The author presents information from the primary source about the persecution of kobyzists in the difficult soviet period for national music and reveals the chain of succession of performing on kobyz from the classic of kobyz art, Yhylasa Dukenov. The author compares the general and special in the history of development of kobzars and kobyzists, shows the possibilities of supporting and reviving these folk music trends in modern society. It is proposed to introduce the status of the traditional “carrier” and its purpose in modern society, and the author's definition of the term is given.

scholarly journals SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN DAN PERUBAHAN FUNGSI WAYANG DALAM MASYARAKAT.

Kebudayaan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Fatkur Rohman Nur Awalin
Keyword(s):  
Moral Values ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Know How ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Art Performance ◽  
Performing Art ◽  
Descriptive Method

AbstractWayang art performance that develops in Java is a traditional performing art that is able to survive and adapt to all aspects of its changes. The issue of this research is to know, how does the history of development and change of wayang function in society? The development of wayang art performance is influenced by social conditions, which affect the change of function of wayang art performance. The objective of the research is to explain the history of development and change of wayang function in society.This study uses descriptive method, with the support of literature review and observation on wayang performance. The results show that the history of wayang development is conceptually a combination of several cultural elements that enter in Indonesia (Java), namely Indian culture with Hindu-Buddhism and Islam with sufism. Indicator of changes in wayang function in the community is the change of pakeliran wayang as an industry tomeet the entertainment market. Changes in ritual function can be seen from the waning of guidance or moral values in wayang, so its has only entertainment or spectacle functions and as a popular performances.AbstrakSeni pertunjukan wayang yang tumbuh dan berkembang di Jawa merupakan kesenian tradisonal yang mampu bertahan dan menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan zaman dengan segala aspek perubahan-perubahannya. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah mengkaji mengenai bagaimana sejarah perkembangan dan perubahan fungsi wayang dalam masyarakat? Perkembangan seni pertunjukan wayang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi sosial, yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan fungsi seni pertunjukan wayang.Tujuannya adalah menjelaskan sejarah perkembangan dan perubahan fungsi wayang dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, dengan dukungan kajian pustaka dan pengamatan (observasi) terhadap pergelaran wayang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejarah perkembangan wayang secara konseptual merupakan perpaduan dari beberapa unsur kebudayaan yang masuk di Indonesia (Jawa), yakni kebudayaan India dengan Agama Hindu-Buddha dan Islam dengan tasawufnya. Indikator perubahan fungsi wayang dalam masyarakat adalah perubahan pakeliran dalam wayang sebagai industri untuk memenuhi pasar hiburan. Perubahan fungsi ritual dapat dilihat dari memudarnya nilai-nilai tuntunan atau moral dalam wayang, sehingga wayang hanya mempunyai fungsi hiburan atau tontonan dan sebagai pertunjukan populer.

scholarly journals Found in Translation: The Reception of Andrei Ivanov’s Prose in Estonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Anneli Kõvamees
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Literary Magazines ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Estonian Language

Andrei Ivanov (b. 1971) is the most well known Estonian Russianlanguage writer who has won many literary awards in Estonia and Russia. His prose and position in the literary field of Estonia has initiated the discussion about the exact definition of Estonian literature and the status of the Estonian Russian-language literature. Due to Ivanov’s prose, the world of Estonian Russians has become more visible for the Estonian audience. He also gives a piercing look into the modern society and offers a different perspective on the world; these are some of the reasons of his popularity. The article focuses on the analysis of the reception of Ivanov’s prose published in Estonian. The vast majority of Ivanov’s prose has been translated into Estonian: Путешествие Ханумана на Лолланд, Харбинские мотыльки, Бизар, Исповедь лунатика, Горсть праха, Печатный шар Расмуса Хансена, Мой датский дядюшка and Зола. The author has entered the Estonian cultural field through translations, it may be said that he has been found in translations. Ivanov’s books are bestsellers and widely discussed in newspapers, blogs and in the literary magazines. The position of Estonian Russian literature has shifted from the periphery into the spotlight and the works by Ivanov have played a decisive role in that process. The article focuses on the analysis of the reception of Ivanov’s prose published in Estonian. The articles published in the Estonian language and concentrating on his prose (both in newspapers and in the literary magazines) are under observation. What topics have been discussed? Which aspects of Ivanov’s prose have attracted the attention of the critics?

scholarly journals Pharmacognosy and Its Role in the System of Profile Disciplines in Pharmacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2094545
Author(s):  
Lucie Cahlíková ◽  
Marcela Šafratová ◽  
Anna Hošťálková ◽  
Jakub Chlebek ◽  
Daniela Hulcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biogenic Material ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
In Silico Methods

The primal discipline from which pharmacy has developed can be considered as pharmacognosy. This review defines pharmacognosy while reflecting on the latest development and discourse about its justifiability in the educational system in pharmaceutical faculties and the history of development of new drugs under the influence of pharmacognosy. The article defines the status quo of the pharmacognosy area, or more precisely its parts (biology, chemistry, production, and technology) and discusses their connections. It underlines the legitimacy of application of natural drugs in therapy, which is undeniable, and proves that whether a new drug was prepared either synthetically or isolated from a natural source is not important. The overview follows the basic requirements of pharmacognosy, especially its methodology (usage of faster and more effective phyto-analytical methods, reverse pharmacology, and reverse pharmacognosy, in silico methods). Pharmacognosy is confronted by three major challenges in the 21st century that can push it significantly forward: ethnopharmacological sources evaluation, evaluation of nutraceuticals, and pharmacognosy of marine organisms. The educational system of universities should correspond to these new demands. However, in some areas the educational system is not prepared to face the challenges of the time. The basic requirement is to adopt a complex attitude to biogenic material and utilize the connections of this complexity in the teaching of modern pharmacy.

The Legal History of Public Land in Liberia

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb J Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Legal History ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Source Materials

AbstractThis article demonstrates that there has never been a clear definition of public land in Liberian legal history, although in the past the government operated as if all land that was not under private deed was public. By examining primary source materials found in archives in Liberia and the USA, the article traces the origins of public land in Liberia and its ambiguous development as a legal concept. It also discusses the ancillary issues of public land sale procedures and statutory prices. The conclusions reached have significant implications for the reform of Liberia's land sector.

scholarly journals Economic History in the Topics of Dissertation Research in Russia (1991–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Bakanov ◽  
Ivan A. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library

Introduction. This article deals with the subject of thesis in the direction of “Economic history”, which were prepared and defended in Russia in the post-Soviet period (1991–2019). The dissolution of the Soviet Union is getting rid of research from ideological clichés, which made the topic of economic history relevant and in demand. Materials and Methods. On the basis of the e-catalog of authors’ abstracts of the Russian State Library, the database “Dissertations on economic history of the late XX – early XXI centuries” was formed. The bibliographic information about the authors’ abstracts became the formal attributes of the described database. The analytical units were the attributes of the “geographical range”, “chronological frame” and “research problem”. Results. The analysis of the database showed that during the entire period were formed stable trends scientific subdirectories within the frame of economic history (history of industry, history of agriculture, history of entrepreneurship, history of banks, etc.), and in maintaining the status of leading research centers. The historical period from the second half of the XIX to the first half of the XX centuries attracts the main attention of the authors of thesis on economic history. Discussion and Conclusion. A quantitative analysis of the dynamic of thesis defenses showed a decline in the interest of authors of thesis in the problems of economic history in the 2010s. The key factors of this decline were changes in the requirements to thesis. Nevertheless, the authors believe that the direction of “economic history” has a potential to overcome designated problems.

scholarly journals International Slavic Studies: Concepts, History and Evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The West ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Formal Establishment ◽  
Slavic Studies

Abstract This paper departs from the definition of Slavistics and reviews the history of international Slavic studies, from its prehistory to its formal establishment as an independent discipline in the mid-18th century, and from the Pan-Slavic movement in the mid-19th century to the confrontation of Slavistics between the East and the West in the mid-20th century during the Cold War. The paper highlights the status quo of international Slavic studies and envisions the future development of Slavic studies in China.

scholarly journals Health Care System in the Ukrainian SSR and the Attempts to Reform It

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Vira Volonyts ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Care System

The purpose of the article is to describe the ways to update the health care system in the Ukrainian SSR in the historical retrospective. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of objectivity, historicism and systematization with the use of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and combination with a special historical (chronological) method. The scientific novelty of the publication lies in a comprehensive analysis of the domestic health care system and ways to reform it in the Soviet period. In order to expand research prospects, it is proposed to include the issues of formation, development, and attempts to reform the health care system to a number of current issues in the history of Ukraine. Conclusions. The Soviet model of the health care system, formed under strict state regulation, was distinguished by the only possible source of budget funding, was free of charge, and was accessible to all, partially was rewarding in conditions of significant socio-political and large-scale biological challenges. It has made it possible to reduce mortality by introducing preventive and anti-epidemic measures and providing access to medical services in the most remote parts of the country. However, all these achievements, under the conditions of extensive type of development of the medical sphere, mainly quantitative growth of indicators and chronic underfunding, vanished very quickly, and the system proved to be ineffective and inconsistent with the requirements of the time. Partially aware of all the risks that could lead to a systemic crisis, the Soviet leaders made several attempts to suspend the inevitable destructive processes. Unfortunately, most of the decisions made to expand possible funding, increase the status of the primary outpatient clinic, the introduction of limited market mechanisms, were mostly declarative in nature as the most important issue remained unresolved - the elimination of the residual principle of financing the industry.

Theatre and Post-Truth: KGB Experiences Reflected in the Production “History Research Commission” Directed by Alvis Hermanis

2021 ◽  
pp. 310-318
Author(s):  
Lauma Mellēna-Bartkeviča
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Short History ◽  
Production History ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modern Thinking

“History Research Commission” staged by Alvis Hermanis in New Riga Theatre (2019) is an example of post-truth coming onto the theatre stage in terms of a rather sensitive subject – historical traumas and unsolved issues that still influence today’s society in Latvia. Hermanis’s production accepts the post-truth as an inevitable and obvious present framework of modern thinking; meanwhile, the subject itself (“cheka bags”) implies the impossibility to find out any “truth” due to its distorted nature from the very beginning. “History Research Commission” paradoxically leads to conclude that the post-truth approach in theatre might be the most honest in terms of today’s world, where the truth has lost its previous status of value. The article covers the short history of “post-truth” analysed by Ralph Keyes, Lee McIntyre, and Yael Brahms. It aims to apply the notion to performing arts through the example of KGB’s experiences in Hermanis’s production (co-created with the actors of the New Riga Theatre) that seems to accept the post-truth and the tragedy of Western rationalism facing the impossibility to find out the provable truth regarding certain subjects. The message of absurdity to chase the truth in “cheka bags” confirms post-truth as the status quo of our time.

TRANSFORMATIONAL PROCESSES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN POTENTIAL OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF POST-SOVIET CONFLICT AND GEOPOLITICAL CHANGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6/1) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Inna V. YURCHENKO ◽  
Mariya V. DONTSOVA ◽  
Natalia N. YURCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Regional Conflict ◽  
The Status ◽  
Regional Community ◽  
The Republic

The article reveals transformation processes that affect the quality of human capital in the postSoviet period. The significance of the theoretical concepts of “conflict”, “regional conflict” and “essence of the political” through the immanent characteristics presented by the classic of political thought K. Schmitt is noted. The importance of analyzing the territorial development and the state of human potential for the characterization of the social structure, radically changing in the post-Soviet period in Russia and its individual regions, is emphasized. The article describes the main types of functionality of reference groups in accordance with the concept of R. Merton and describes various models of social behavior according to the criterion of social responsibility and asocial orientation. The data of the expert survey conducted by the authors in certain subjects of the Southern Federal District in 2018 are given on the problems of assessing the level of responsibility in work and the possibilities of disseminating radical ideas under the influence of external and internal factors on the ability of a regional community to reproduce their own cultural patterns. It emphasizes the role of ethical thinking in the context of the need to improve the modern society, experiencing crisis internal and external influences and tests of globalization. Special attention is paid to the level of support for the status of Crimea among young people living in the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.

scholarly journals Classifying Economics: A History of the JEL Codes

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Cherrier
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Economic Association ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military

In this paper, I suggest that the history of the classification system used by the American Economic Association (AEA) to list economic literature and scholars is a relevant proxy to understand the transformation of economics science throughout the twentieth century. Successive classifications were fashioned through heated discussions on the status of theoretical and empirical work, data and measurement, and proper objects of analysis. They also reflected the contradictory demands of users, including economists but also civil servants, journalists, publishers, librarians, and the military, and reflected rapidly changing institutional and technological constraints. Until the late 1940s, disagreements on the general structure of the classification dominated AEA discussions. As the subject matters, methods, and definition of economics rapidly evolved after the war, methodological debates raged on the status of theoretical and empirical work and the degree of unification of the discipline. It was therefore the ordering and content of major categories that was closely discussed during the 1956 revision. The 1966 revision, in contrast, was fueled by institutional and technical transformations rather than intellectual ones. Classifiers essentially reacted to changes in the way economists' work was evaluated, the nature and size of the literature they produced, the publishing industry, and the use of computer facilities. The final 1988–90 revision was an attempt by the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) editors to translate the mature core fields structure of their science into a set of codes and accommodate the new types of applied work economists identified themselves with. The 1990 classification system was only incrementally transformed in the next twenty years, but that the AEA is currently considering a new revision may signal more profound changes in the structure of economics. (JEL A14)

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