Anti-hyperlipidemic Activity of Lannea coramandelica Leaf Extract Against Experimentally Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats

Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia are interrelated terms and the same course of disorders which raise the serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. Herbs are used for treating diseases and used in the traditional systems of medicines like Ayurveda. As science is evolving, research to prove the pharmacological activity of the herbs and establishing scientific proof is also important. Lannea coramandelica is a native plant for tropical countries like India. It is considered one of the lifesavers of the area with abundant polyphenols, flavonoids, gums and other chemical constituents. Most of the antioxidant chemical components like flavonoids are potent in treating and lowering lipids in the body and reduces the oxidative stress in the human body to process fats. Lannea coramandelica has been proven to have vast amounts of flavonoids and antioxidant principles. Current research has been designed to confirm the hyperlipidemia controlling property of Lannea coramandelica extracts. The Lannea coramandelica extract showed a better hyperlipidemic activity at a dose of 500mg/kg in both the events.

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Beneficial Role of Carica papaya Extracts and Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress and Related Diseases: A Mini Review

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10040287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

Yew Rong Kong ◽

Yong Xin Jong ◽

Manisha Balakrishnan ◽

Zhui Ken Bok ◽

Janice Kwan Kah Weng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

The Body ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Impaired Wound Healing

Oxidative stress is a result of disruption in the balance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants in which subsequently impacting on redox signaling, causing cell and tissue damages. It leads to a range of medical conditions including inflammation, skin aging, impaired wound healing, chronic diseases and cancers but these conditions can be managed properly with the aid of antioxidants. This review features various studies to provide an overview on how Carica papaya help counteract oxidative stress via various mechanisms of action closely related to its antioxidant properties and eventually improving the management of various oxidative stress-related health conditions. Carica papaya is a topical plant species discovered to contain high amounts of natural antioxidants that can usually be found in their leaves, fruits and seeds. It contains various chemical compounds demonstrate significant antioxidant properties including caffeic acid, myricetin, rutin, quercetin, α-tocopherol, papain, benzyl isothiocyanate (BiTC), and kaempferol. Therefore, it can counteract pro-oxidants via a number of signaling pathways that either promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes or reduce ROS production. These signaling pathways activate the antioxidant defense mechanisms that protect the body against both intrinsic and extrinsic oxidative stress. To conclude, Carica papaya can be incorporated into medications or supplements to help manage the health conditions driven by oxidative stress and further studies are needed to investigate the potential of its chemical components to manage various chronic diseases.

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Perbedaan Kadar Glutation (GSH) Hepar Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis Toksik dengan Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera)

Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi ◽

10.33087/jiubj.v20i1.881 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 247

Author(s):

Nur Insani ◽

H.M.T Kamaluddin ◽

Swanny Swanny

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Bb Rat ◽

Toxic Dose ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

Glutathione (GSH) transferase deficiency due to paracetamol exposure causes further oxidative stress to liver necrosis. To reduce oxidative stress that can cause damage to the liver of the body requires antioxidants. One plant to treat liver disease is the kelor leaf (because it has an active flavonoid material also has antioxidant activity). This study was conducted to determine the difference of glutathione hepar levels of male white rat induced paracetamol toxic dose by giving kelor leaf extract. The type of research is experimental laboratory in vivo with rancagan randomized post test only control group design. With the stages as follows 1.Leaf Extract Kelor with Ethanol 96%, 2.Perpeteration of experimental animals, 3.Treatment of experimental animals by giving extract of 3-dose of kelor leaf that is KP I 250 mg / 200 gr BB rat, KP II 500 mg / 200 gr BB rat, KP III 1000 mg / 200 gr BB rat for 14 days combined with paracetamol dose 2 gr / 200 gr BB rat compared with the negative control group (group given only paracetamol dose 2 gr / 200 gr BB rat) and control group positif only fed regular feed for 14 days). The result showed that there was a significant difference mean of GSH levels between all treatment groups obtained p = 0,000 (p <α) p values smaller than 0.05. There was the highest increase of GSH in treatment group II (142,7525 μmol / mg) and lowest dose of GSH in positive control group (57,1812 μmol / mg), dose paracetamol toxic dosage and kelor leaf extract 500 mg / gr BB rat can increase GSH hepar p = 0,000 (p <α) p less than 0 , 05. The conclusion of the test results showed that giving of kelor leaf extract at dose of treatment group II can increase GSH hepar level significantly

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Colorimetry-Based Detection of Nitric Oxide from Exhaled Breath for Quantification of Oxidative Stress in Human Body

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9081055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1055

Author(s):

Muni Raj Maurya ◽

Haseena Onthath ◽

Hagar Morsy ◽

Najam-US-Sahar Riyaz ◽

Muna Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Human Body ◽

Ph Effect ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Fast Response ◽

The Body ◽

Bromophenol Blue ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Monitoring exhaled breath is a safe, noninvasive method for determining the health status of the human body. Most of the components in our exhaled breath can act as health biomarkers, and they help in providing information about various diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) is one such important biomarker in exhaled breath that indicates oxidative stress in our body. This work presents a simple and noninvasive quantitative analysis approach for detecting NO from exhaled breath. The sensing is based on the colorimetric assisted detection of NO by m-Cresol Purple, Bromophenol Blue, and Alizaringelb dye. The sensing performance of the dye was analyzed by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The study covers various sampling conditions like the pH effect, temperature effect, concentration effect, and selective nature of the dye. The m-Cresol Purple dye exhibited a high sensitivity towards NO with a detection limit of ~0.082 ppm in the linear range of 0.002–0.5 ppm. Moreover, the dye apprehended a high degree of selectivity towards other biocompounds present in the breath, and no possible interfering cross-reaction from these species was observed. The dye offered a high sensitivity, selectivity, fast response, and stability, which benchmark its potential for NO sensing. Further, m-Cresol Purple dye is suitable for NO sensing from the exhaled breath and can assist in quantifying oxidative stress levels in the body for the possible detection of COVID-19.

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Concept and connotation of oxidative stress in preeclampsia

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/jlp.jlp_26_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 276-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy ◽

Ali I. Al-Gareeb ◽

Thabat J. Al-Maiahy

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Body Mass ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

The Body ◽

Related Disorder

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is a systemic pregnancy-related disorder characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. Free radicals seem to play an important role in the induction of endothelial dysfunction in PE. AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), paraoxonase (PON-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid profile in preeclamptic patients compared to the women with normal pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 68 pregnant women were recruited. They were divided into two groups - Group A, 40 women were a newly diagnosed with PE and Group B, 28 women with normal pregnancy. Anthropometric measurements including body mass index and blood pressure in accordance with biochemical measurements including NO, ONOO−, PON-1, MDA, and lipid profile were done for preeclamptic pregnant women compared to the controls. RESULTS: Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia illustrated insignificant differences in the age (31.22±2.87) compared to the age of control P > 0.05. There were significant changes in the body mass index (BMI) , type of delivery and smoking status of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control P < 0.05. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were high in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control P < 0.01. PON-1 and NO serum levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) while ONOO− and MDA serum levels were significantly increased in PE compared to the women with normal pregnancy. Conclusions: This study concluded that PE is associated with the augmentation of oxidative stress and reduction of endogenous antioxidant capacity regarding PON-1.

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Effects of Three Types of Massage on Serum Levels of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase After One Session of Exhaustive Exercise in Female Futsal Players

Complementary Medicine Journal ◽

10.32598/cmja.10.4.631.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 328-339

Author(s):

Bahare Heydari ◽

◽

Mohsen Ghofrani ◽

Mohammad Ebrahim Bahram ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Serum Levels ◽

The Body ◽

Exhaustive Exercise ◽

Oxidative Stress Marker ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: The production of reactive oxygen species in exercise causes oxidative stress which disturbs the balance of oxidants and antioxidants, causing destructive effects on cells. The present study aims to investigate the effect of three types of massage (Swedish, Russian, Thai) on serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) following one session of exhaustive exercise. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 48 female futsal players aged 17-22 years in Zahedan, Iran who were selected using a purposive sampling method, and randomly divided into four groups of Swedish massage (Long strokes with pressing and tapping using hands), Russian massage (Medium to high pressure), Thai massage (Pressure to certain parts of the body) and Control. The exercise program was based on Bruce protocol. Serum levels of MDA, GPX and SOD were measured by before and immediately after exercise and after massage. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA, considering a significance level of P≤0.05. Results: In all three types of massage, there was a significant decrease in serum level of MDA (0.22±0.08), and a significant increase in GPX (1.84±0.46) and SOD (10.02±2.86) levels after exhaustive (P=0.001). No significant difference was observed in the control group. Conclusion: It seems that Russian, Thai, and Swedish types of massage can affect the serum levels of the MDA (as an oxidative stress marker) and the antioxidant enzymes of GPX and SOD during the post-exercise recovery period.

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Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil of Invasive Chromolaena odorata leaves in Central Nepal

Journal of Nepal Chemical Society ◽

10.3126/jncs.v42i1.35364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 132-137

Author(s):

Lal B Thapa ◽

Seeta Pathak ◽

Khadka Bahadur Pal ◽

Tayer Mohamad Miya ◽

Tej Bahadur Darji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Native Species ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Native Plant ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Community Forest ◽

Invasive Alien Plants ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Central Nepal

Chromolaena odorata is one of the widely distributed invasive alien plants in the tropical to subtropical regions of Nepal. It has the ability to impact native species in its invaded range by multiple modes such as allelopathy including volatilization. This study aims to identify volatile chemical components in the essential oil of C. odorata. The leaf samples of C. odorata were collected from the Radha Krishna Community Forest, Chitwan district of Nepal. The essential oil from the leaves of C. odorata was extracted and the chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 19 chemical components from the oil were identified. The major components identified were linalool (21.64%); β-pinene (9.43%); 1,3-cycloheptadiene (8.92%); β-cubebene (7%); cinnamaldehyde (5.30%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.94%). O-methoxy cinnamaldehyde and isoeugenyl acetate were not listed by previous studies as the components in the essential oils of C. odorata. The components identified by this study have allelopathic effects on native plant species, anti-herbivory properties, and medicinal values. Therefore, this study could be important to understand plant invasiveness and utilization of the plant for the extraction of bioactive compounds may contribute to control and manage the plants in the invaded areas.

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Battle between plants as antioxidants with free radicals in human body

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.34172/jhp.2020.25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 191-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fatemeh Jamshidi-kia ◽

Joko Priyanto Wibowo ◽

Mostafa Elachouri ◽

Rohollah Masumi ◽

Alizamen Salehifard-Jouneghani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Human Body ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Redox Status ◽

The Body ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Endogenous Antioxidants

Free radicals are constructed by natural physiological activities in the human cells as well as in the environment. They may be produced as a result of diet, smoking, exercise, inflammation, exposure to sunlight, air pollutants, stress, alcohol and drugs. Imbalanced redox status may lead to cellular oxidative stress, which can damage the cells of the body, resulting in an incidence of various diseases. If the endogenous antioxidants do not stop the production of reactive metabolites, they will be needed to bring about a balance in redox status. Natural antioxidants, for example plants, play an important part in this context. This paper seeks to report the available evidence about oxidative stress and the application of plants as antioxidant agents to fight free radicals in the human body. For this purpose, to better understand oxidative stress, the principles of free radical production, the role of free radicals in diseases, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the role of herbs and diet in oxidative stress are discussed.

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Tocotrienol Supplementation Led to Higher Serum Levels of Lysophospholipids but Lower Acylcarnitines in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.766711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Chwan-Li Shen ◽

Huanbiao Mo ◽

Dale M. Dunn ◽

Bruce A. Watkins

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Phospholipid Metabolism ◽

The Body ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Double Blinded ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Osteoporosis is a major health problem in postmenopausal women. Herein we evaluated the effects of 12-week tocotrienols (TT) supplementation on serum metabolites in postmenopausal, osteopenic women. Eighty-nine participants (59.7 ± 6.8 yr, BMI 28.7 ± 5.7 kg/m2) were assigned to 3 treatments: placebo (860 mg olive oil/day), 300mg TT (300 mg TT/day), and 600mg TT (600 mg TT/day) for 12 weeks. TT consisted of 90% δ-TT and 10% γ-TT. In this metabolomic study, we evaluated the placebo and 600mgTT at baseline and 12 weeks. As expected, TT and its metabolite levels were higher in the supplemented group after 12 weeks. At baseline, there were no differences in demographic parameters or comprehensive metabolic panels (CMP). Metabolomics analysis of serum samples revealed that 48 biochemicals were higher and 65 were lower in the 600mg TT group at 12 weeks, compared to baseline. The results confirmed higher serum levels of tocotrienols and lysophospholipids, but lower acylcarnitines and catabolites of tryptophan and steroids in subjects given 600mg TT. In summary, 12-week TT supplementation altered many serum metabolite levels in postmenopausal women. The present study supports our previous findings that TT supplementation helps reduce bone loss in postmenopausal osteopenic women by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the body incorporates TT which restructures biomembranes and modifies phospholipid metabolism, a response potentially linked to reduced inflammation and oxidative stress.

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The role of selenium in cardiology

Kardiologiia ◽

10.18087/cardio.2021.3.n1186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 96-104

Author(s):

T. A. Kuropatkina ◽

N. A. Medvedeva ◽

O. S. Medvedev

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Vascular Injury ◽

Human Body ◽

Cell Injury ◽

The Body ◽

Selenium Status

Selenium is an important micronutrient that is essential for the functioning of the human body. Being a component of the active center of several antioxidant enzymes selenium prevents cell injury by free radicals. Decline in selenium-containing enzymes results in progression of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which are considered as possible causes for the development of many cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on mechanisms for prevention of myocardial and vascular injury through the adequate selenium supply to the body. The importance of monitoring and correction of the selenium status in appropriate patients is underlined.

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Investigation and Preparation of Polyherbal Ointment for Arthritis

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Life Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijprls.v6i2.1252 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 34-37

Author(s):

Bhavani J ◽

Ravichandran S ◽

Satheesh Kumar D ◽

Chandrasekaran A R ◽

Saraladevi V ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Side Effects ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Human Body ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

The Body ◽

Standard Drug

The process of inflammation and the arthritis was induced due to the immune system problems in elderly patients. They are encountering problems with the immune system which identifies the own body as a foreign system and acts against it. This causes inflammation in the joints and therefore causing pain and swelling in the joints. This immunity lowering drugs are the major classes of drugs that will affect the human body by lowering the immunity, and the side effects are caused by the opportunistic infections that occur when the body has low immunity. These effects are now dangerous, and the drugs that treat arthritis are now considered deadly, and their use is minimized too. In this respect, the herbs are found to be the best sources of the treatment of arthritis that produce the chemical constituents that target and cure inflammation that causes arthritis. The plant extract was used to incorporate into the ointment, and this was investigated for the anti-arthritic activity. This was compared to the activity of the extract and standard drug. The ointment that was prepared showed a significantly better activity compared with the standard drug.

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