scholarly journals Living together in a religious plural society: Indonesian teachers' and student's perceptions on citizenship, identity & religious tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ben K.C. Laksana

<p>This study investigates Indonesian secondary school teachers’ and students’ perceptions of citizenship, religion and religious tolerance. It explores how participants negotiate their citizenship and religious identities, and looks at how religious tolerance is understood and defined. The study involves religious education and citizenship teachers (n=8) and students (n=20) from three different schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. The schools were purposely selected to represent a range of philosophical approaches to religion and included a Madrasah, a private school and a public school. This study discovered that both teachers and students intertwined their religious and citizenship identities to produce a form of ‘religious citizenship’. The study also found that both teachers and students generally saw religious tolerance as a necessity to manage inter-religious relations. Many of the strategies teachers employed, which were also supported by curriculum documents, overlooked the complexity of inter-religious identities and in particular, the equality of minority religious groups. Most teachers perceived religious tolerance through an exclusivist view whereby religious tolerance was limited to social tolerance, while many student participants provided more progressive and inclusive definitions of religious tolerance that often reflected their lived experiences of engaging in inter-religious relations. In conclusion, the study argues that both teachers and students constantly negotiate their citizenship and religious identities in order to find ways to live together in a religiously plural society such as Indonesia. While students and teachers in this study agreed that finding ways to promote and sustain inter-religious harmony in Indonesia was a high priority, many challenges relating to the teaching and practice of religious tolerance in Indonesia still remain.</p>

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ben K.C. Laksana

<p>This study investigates Indonesian secondary school teachers’ and students’ perceptions of citizenship, religion and religious tolerance. It explores how participants negotiate their citizenship and religious identities, and looks at how religious tolerance is understood and defined. The study involves religious education and citizenship teachers (n=8) and students (n=20) from three different schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. The schools were purposely selected to represent a range of philosophical approaches to religion and included a Madrasah, a private school and a public school. This study discovered that both teachers and students intertwined their religious and citizenship identities to produce a form of ‘religious citizenship’. The study also found that both teachers and students generally saw religious tolerance as a necessity to manage inter-religious relations. Many of the strategies teachers employed, which were also supported by curriculum documents, overlooked the complexity of inter-religious identities and in particular, the equality of minority religious groups. Most teachers perceived religious tolerance through an exclusivist view whereby religious tolerance was limited to social tolerance, while many student participants provided more progressive and inclusive definitions of religious tolerance that often reflected their lived experiences of engaging in inter-religious relations. In conclusion, the study argues that both teachers and students constantly negotiate their citizenship and religious identities in order to find ways to live together in a religiously plural society such as Indonesia. While students and teachers in this study agreed that finding ways to promote and sustain inter-religious harmony in Indonesia was a high priority, many challenges relating to the teaching and practice of religious tolerance in Indonesia still remain.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
İbrahim Işıtan

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The existence of different religious identities in various forms in Islamic world is a legacy that Islamic history leaves to the contemporary societies. In other words, these religious identities cause the problem of living together of different religious groups in Islamic societies, but they can also lead to the problem of ‘othering’ as well. In this case, it can be difficult to make social reconciliation and live together in the framework of general religious values. When any religious thought and opinion desires to come to a leading position to feel safe, other thoughts and opinions tend to react to it. The main problem at that point seems to be whether to accept different thoughts as a richness or not.</p><p>This research looks for answers to the question of what should be done so that the differences that sects and groups in Islamic societies create, do not lead to political discrepancies. The most basic issue that the work is emphasize is that the principles of belief, deed and morality of Islamic religion has been determined by revelation, and these principles have not changed over time. However, the relations between these principles, the issue of which principle is ahead of the other and which principles should be brought forward in the new situations have caused to raise different opinions and the predecessor scholars (Salaf) propounded diverse ideas and thoughts to this issue. In later periods, different interpretations were added due to new events happening indoors and new beliefs and cultures encountered outside, and so new trends and understandings emerged. The currents and understandings generated by the mentioned interpretations continue their existence today in different forms and even new currents can occur. This work also emphasizes that these differences of interpretation -on the condition that the religious constancies do not move from place- should be accepted as wealth and should not lead to political separation in this way. For this, we underlined the need to live together around general religious values by emphasizing the fact that different religious groups must live together. In the work it is alleged that the lifestyle of the Sufi tradition can help us on this subject.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>İslam dünyasında farklı dinî kimliklerin çeşitli şekillerde varlığı, İslam tarihinin günümüz toplumlarına bıraktığı bir mirastır. Söz konusu bu kimlikler İslam toplumlarında farklı dinî grupların bir arada yaşama problemini doğurmakta fakat ‘ötekileştirme’ sorununa da yol açabilmektedir. Bu durumda toplumsal uzlaşma sağlanması ve genel dinî değerler çerçevesinde bir arada yaşanması zorlaşabilmektedir. Herhangi bir dinî düşünce ve görüş kendini güvencede hissetmek amacıyla hâkim konuma gelmeyi arzu edince, diğer düşünce ve görüşler buna karşı reaksiyon gösterme eğilimi içerisine girebilmektedir.</p><p>Bu çalışmada İslam toplumlarında mevcut olan mezhep ve grupların ortaya çıkardığı farklılıkların siyasal anlamda krize yol açmaması için neler yapılması gerektiği sorusuna cevap aranmaktadır. Üzerinde durulan en temel konu, İslam dininin inanç, amel ve ahlak esaslarının vahiyle belirlenmiş olması ve bu esasların zamanla değişime uğramayışı gerçeğidir. Fakat bu esaslar arasındaki ilişkiler, hangi esasın diğerinden daha önde olması meselesi ve yeni karşılaşılan durumlarda hangi prensiplerin öne çıkarılması gerektiği konusunda farklı görüşler ortaya atılmış ve ilk dönem selef âlimleri bu hususta farklı fikir ve düşünceler serdetmişlerdir. Daha sonraki dönemlerde, içeride yaşanan yeni olaylar ve dışarıda karşılaşılan yeni inanç ve kültürler nedeniyle farklı yorumlar eklenmiş ve böylece yeni akım ve anlayışlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Söz konusu yorumların oluşturduğu akım ve anlayışlar günümüzde de farklı şekillerde varlığını devam ettirmekte ve hatta yeni akımlar bile oluşabilmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda, yorum farklılıklarının –dinî sâbiteleri yerinden oynatmamak kaydıyla– zenginlik kabul edilmesi ve bu şekilde siyasal ayrıma yol açmaması gerektiğinin altını çizdik. Bunun için farklı dinî grupların birlikte yaşama zorunluluğu gerçeği vurgulanarak, genel dinî değerler etrafında birlikte yaşamanın gerekliliği dile getirilmiştir. Bu konuda sûfî geleneğin yaşam tarzından istifade edilebileceği de özellikle vurgulanmıştır.</p>


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-291
Author(s):  
DANIEL D. WHAWO

This is a survey research to obtain the opinions of staff and students of secondary schools in Delta State of Nigeria on the corruption in the country. It is a replica study of an earlier one carried out among primary school teachers. Secondary school teachers are part of the societal agents charged with the character development of citizens. Analysis of available data indicated that both staff and students agree that there is corruption in Nigeria and that Nigerians are corrupt. They both disagree on the assertions that: all Nigerians are corrupt; only men are corrupt ; and, men are more corrupt than women in Nigeria. The most noticeable causes of corruption identified by respondents are poor income, unemployment,, corrupt leadership, greed, selfishness, prevalence of bribery and desire to openly spend money in public gatherings. A strong emphasis on moral and religious education for character building and civic/citizenship education is advocated as a long-term antidote to the evils of corruption in Nigeria.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Yunus Yunus

AbstrakPola Strategi pengembangan Pondok Pesantren di Malangke, strategi pengembangan pesantren adalah cara atau srategi yang digunakan oleh wadah atau tempat guna proses suatu perubahan berencana yang memerlukan dukungan semua pihak, anatara lain Kepala, staff, guru, dan siswa dengan perubahan-perubahan itu diharapkan dapat mengembangkan dan meningkatkan lembaga pendidikan, yang memerlukan usaha jangka pendek, menengah, dan panjang guna menghadapi perubahan yang akan terjadi pada masa mendatang. Peluang dan tangan pengembangan Pesantren di Luwu Utara,  terdapat Undang-undang Nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, yang beberapa pasalnya menekankan penyelenggaraan pendidikan keagamaan, seperti, pasal 30 ayat (1) dan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 55 Tahun 2007 tentang Pendidikan Agama dan Pendidikan Keagamaan pada pasal 1 ayat (2) tentang Pendidikan Agama dan Pendidikan Keagamaan yang didalamnya secara tegas dikemukakan bahwa pondok pesantren menyelenggarakan pendidikan diniyah pada tingkat dasar dan menengah, tergolong dalam sub sistem pendidikan Nasional di Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk mencerdaskan bangsa, menjadikan manusia yang beriman dan bertaqwa kepada Tuhan yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri dan menajdi warga negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab. Sedangkan tantangan ada beberapa hambatan 1)Sistem kurikulum yang lebih modern, sehingga pesantren ketinggalan jauh dari sekolah umum, 2) Kurangnya anggaran dan sumber pendanaan disebabkan oleh kurang siswa. 3) adanya sebagian orang tua tidak tertarik menyekolahkan anak di sekolah Pesantren.Kata kunci:      Pengembangan, Pondok Pesantren As’addiyah.  AbstractThe pattern of the development of Islamic boarding schools in Malangke, the strategy of developing pesantren is the method or strategy used by the place or place for the process of planning changes that require the support of all parties, among others, the Head, staff, teachers and students are expected to develop and improving educational institutions, which require short, medium and long-term efforts to deal with changes that will occur in the future. Opportunities and hands for the development of Islamic boarding schools in North Luwu, there is Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System, some of which emphasize the implementation of religious education, such as article 30 paragraph (1) and Government Regulation (PP) Number 55 of 2007 concerning Education Religion and Religious Education in Article 1 paragraph (2) concerning Religious Education and Religious Education in which it is expressly stated that Islamic boarding schools conduct early childhood education at the elementary and secondary levels, belonging to the national education sub-system in Indonesia which aims to educate the nation, make humans who have faith and devotion to the Almighty God, are noble, healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent and become a democratic and responsible citizen. While the challenges are several obstacles 1) A more modern curriculum system, so that pesantren lag far behind public schools, 2) The lack of budgets and funding sources is caused by lack of students. 3) there are some parents who are not interested in sending their children to school in Islamic boarding schools.Keywords:        Development, As'addiyah Islamic Boarding School.


2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Héllen De Almeida França ◽  
Isael de Sousa Sá ◽  
Naicy Maria Alencar ◽  
Yago Gabriel da Silva Barbosa ◽  
Jessica Sebastião Dos Santos ◽  
...  

This study aimed to analyze the knowledge about some zoonosis in a private school in the city of Bom Jesus-PI, Brazil, through the application of questionnaires intended for primary school students, teachers and students´ parents. Zoonosis are transmissible illnesses in natural conditions between the animals and the human beings, and knowledge about them does not always reach the population exposed to constant risks, and it is necessary to plan health education actions in these areas. On the analysis of surveys noted significant numbers in relation to lack of knowledge on the part of interviewed in all groups. In relation to cutaneous larva migrans 37 (46,83%) of the students answered don´t know which factors were associated to the contamination, about to the prevention, 35 (44,30%) didn´t know the measures to be taken. Relating to Leishmaniasis, observed that 43 (54,43%) of the students have already heard about the disease, 37 (46,83%) answered that the dog is the responsible for transmitting and 34 (43,03%) the mosquito. In relation to the prevention, 36 (45,56%) answered combat to the mosquitoes, 35 (44,30%) using repellents, protection screens in windows and use of mosquito nets, as long as 07 (8,86%) didn´t know any prevention measure. In the amount of 79 students that answered the survey, 93,67% affirmed don´t have knowledge about giardiasis and 74,68% answered don´t know about how occurs the transmission about this zoonosis. Therefore, there is a need to carry out works that aim to provide this information to the population, especially the children because they are considered more susceptible as well as agents disseminating this information.


MADRASAH ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Fauziah

<p>In the context of religious education, multicultural paradigm is the main foundation organizing of teaching and learning process. Religious education requires more than just curriculum transformation, it also changes in the religious perspective of an exclusive view into multicultural outlook, or at least to maintain the views and attitudes of an inclusive and pluralism. Realized or not, these groups are culturally and ethnically distinct advance religion, often the victims of racism and impact of the larger society. Therefore, Islamic religious education as a discipline which include the national education have a duty to inculcate awareness of the differences, considering Islam is the majority religion in Indonesia, the postscript is a multi religious country. Growing awareness of religious diversity, required in the new format in the Islamic religious education with teaching multicultural vision. Islamic religious education learning brings a multicultural vision of dialogic approaches to inculcate awareness of living together in diversity and difference. This learning is built on the spirit of equality relationships, mutual trust, mutual understanding and appreciating the similarities, differences and uniqueness, as well as interdepedensi. This is an innovation and an integral and comprehensive reform in charge of religious education that is free of prejudice, racism, ambiguous and stereotyping. Religious education provides recognition of multicultural vision of plurality, learning tool for cross-border encounters, and the indoctrination transform to dialogue.</p>


AKADEMIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
A'idatul Fadlilah ◽  
Moch. Bachrurrosyady Amrulloh

Pendidikan toleransi menjadi keharusan pada saat ini, khususnya di dunia pendidikan, karena melalui pendidikan inilah nilai-nilai kerukunan menjadi kokoh.sistem pendidikan agama sangat penting dan perlu ditingkatkan, sehingga yang dihasilkan sistem itu bukan orang-orang yang hanya berpengetahuan agama tetapi juga berakhlak mulia. Dengan mengadakan pendidikan agama yang membawa kepada pandangan luas dan sikap terbuka serta mementingkan dan meningkatkan di dalamnya pembinaan kerukunan antar agama diharapkan dapat terwujud dan berkembang dalam masyarakat, maka dari itu Pendidikan toleransi dibutuhkan guna menciptakan kehidupan yang indah dengan banyak perbedaan didalamnya, di SMA Semen Gresik merupakan sekolah swasta yang tidak berlatar agama namun bisa menerima siswanya dari manpun dan dari berbagai latar belakang yang berbeda pula sehingga tidak ada perbedaan diantara mereka. Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah: 1) Bagaimana proses pengembangan budaya toleransi dalam pembelajaran PAI di SMA Semen Gresik 2) Bagaimana output dari proses pengembangan budaya toleransi di SMA Semen Gresik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Proses pengembengan toleransi dalam pembelajaran PAI yakni dengan menggunakan sebuah pendekatan saintifik yang mana didalam pendekatan tersebut terdapat beberapa metode diantaranya pembiasaan, diskusi kelompok2) output dari proses pengembangan tolernasi dalam pembelajaran PAI diantaranya Menghargai perbedaan, menghargai kebaikan orang lain, keterbukaan, senang dan bahagia dalam berinteraksi dengan orang lain, membantu orang tanpa melihat latar belakang mereka yang berbeda, tidak diskriminatif dengan sesama, yang mana telah ada pada  diri peserta didik.Tolerance education is a necessity at this time, especially in the world of education in seeding the values of harmony. The religious education system is very important and needs to be improved, so that the resulting system is not people who only have religious knowledge but also have a noble morality.  By implementing religious education that brings a broad view and open attitude, emphasizes and increases in it, the development of interfaith harmony is expected to be realized and developed in society. Therefore tolerance education is needed to create a beautiful life littered fully with many differences in it. Senior High School (SMA) Semen Gresik is a private school that has no religious background but could accept students from anywhere and various different backgrounds so that there is no difference between them. The problems studied are: 1) How is the process of developing a culture of tolerance in SMA Semen Gresik 2) What is the output of the process of developing a culture of tolerance in SMA Semen Gresik. The results show that: 1) The process of developing tolerance in SMA Semen Gresik is by using a scientific approach with such methods as habituation and group discussion, 2) The output of the process of developing tolerance in SMA Semen Gresik includes respect for differences, respect for the kindness of others, openness, frendly and happy in interacting with other people, helping people regardless of their different backgrounds, not discriminating others.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Ucok Agus Saputra

Post-fall of the New Order regime, the action of Islamic radicalism spreads out fast in Indonesia. Unluckily, actors and the perpetrators are mostly Muslimand claiming graduated from Islamic educational institutions. Radical Islamic movements nowadays are worrying the people and threaten the life of the nation that contains the values of pluralism, tolerance, and acculturative, including in religion. According to way of life on Indonesian, Pancasila, and the 1945 Constitution and the Republic of Indonesia which is the basics of nation and state are also threatened. even their movement tends to do with violence. Proven by the presence of several violent incidents that resulted in deaths were not counted. (National Agency for Counter of Terrorism, 28/8/2002). Therefore, Indonesia  (and even the world) needs strategies to prevent the anti-radicalism and terrorism. Learning the last fact, education that be designed by conforming new model of learning for Moslem Teacher is absolutely needed. The approach to the handle the Islamic radicalism must always be strived, One of models is through character education. Education is partly done by reconstructing the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) that is taught in educational institutions. Reconstruction of PAI should be able to produce learners that possess attitude of tolerant, moderate and inclusive. In short, there is a tendency of systematic efforts made by certain religious groups to teach the doctrine of religious hardliners among students of Elementary School (SD), that often reborn radicalization. Here, the writer will show how Moslem teacher can take anti-radicalims learing by some new models that can be implemented, namely the de-radicalization preventive, de-radicalization preservative against moderate Islam, and  curative deradicalised.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-58
Author(s):  
Cynthia Baiqing Zhang

Linking concepts from networks, identities, and ecology, I draw on material collected during sixty interviews to show how a group of culturally homogeneous Chinese graduate students, when placed in two sociocultural environments in the United States, displayed different processes of religious identity network formation. In a large and heterogeneous community with more possible identities, students showed human agency by forming religious identities less constrained by networks. Human agency is also exemplified in the expansion of their religious circle of friends once they developed a religious identity. Religious identity often preceded networks. However, in a small and homogeneous community, students did emotion work to stay in pro-religious groups, presumably due to the limitations they had in choosing friends, particularly Chinese friends. The formation of networks more likely preceded the emergence of religious identities premised on the coexistence of multiple relationships in dyads and solidarity within primary groups. The narratives demonstrate how ecology matters for the formation of network ties and religious identity. 根据对60个对硕士博士研究生的采访,通过运用网络分析、身份研究、和环境研究领域的概念,本文详述同属一个文化的中国留学生当处于美国两个不同城市文化环境中时,通过生活圈子发展特定身份的不同过程。在一个大型、充满差异的城市里,留学生的身份选择具有多样性。其主体性表现在自主选择宗教认同并扩大有宗教信仰的朋友圈子。他们的宗教认同常常先于他们的宗教朋友圈。而在一个小型、倡导同化的城市里,由于可选择的中国朋友人数少,留学生常常通过控制自我感情来维系与亲宗教的朋友的关系。他们的宗教网络常常先于他们的宗教认同。在这种环境中,当两人有多重社会关系,并处于一个高度团结的小群体中时,宗教认同才得以传播。本研究显示社区规模和文化是重要的影响身份和社会网络的环境因素。 (This article is in English.)


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-406
Author(s):  
Sofia Zaini Kulbi

Advances in communication technology affect all aspects including aspects of education. An educator is required to create active, effective and fun teaching and learning activities. Related to this, the learning of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) is generally still monotonous in using learning media so that students feel bored in learning PAI. PAI’s teacher at SMK Wahana Karya tries to make an innovation in Islamic Education learning, namely by using Android-based mobile learning. This is based on the background of students who on average already use Android in everyday life. So, this study describes android-based mobile learning as a learning medium for Islamic religious education at SMK Wahana Karya. This research uses qualitative methods, where the researcher makes direct observations and interviews. Sources of data used are from school archives, school websites, interviews with principals, Islamic education teachers, and students of SMK Wahana Karya. The results of this study are, although there are still some obstacles, namely in terms of signal and classroom atmosphere conditioning. However, apart from that the use of mobile learning is considered effective and attracts students in learning Islamic Education.


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