scholarly journals Factors Contributing to Intradialytic Hypertension in Hemodialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Yunie Armiyati ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Shofa Chasani ◽  
Untung Sujianto
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interdialytic Weight Gain ◽  
High Incidence

Intradialytic hypertension (IDH) is the most common complication of hemodialysis patients in Indonesia. It must be controlled, to maintain the patient's quality of life and prevent worsening conditions. Some factors affecting IDH include predialysis fluid overload characterized by excessive interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), low adherence to fluid restriction and increased ultrafiltration during haemodialysis. The study aims to identify contributing factors of IDH. A case-control design was used in this study. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 92 samples at two centres of dialysis in Semarang, which was divided into case group (n=46) and control group (n=46). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test by calculating Odds Ratios (OR). The finding showed that excessive IDWG (p=0,000, OR=16.95, 95% CI:5,56-51,65), low fluid adherence (p=0,001, OR=4,41, 95% CI:1,82-10,68) and excessive ultrafiltration (p=0,000, OR = 29,52, 95% CI:9,23-94,46) showed significant result. However, the incidence of IDH was not correlated with sex, age and length of haemodialysis. A greater increase in interdialytic weight requires lower fluid and higher ultrafiltration factors must be controlled precisely because those are considered as the risk factors for the high incidence of IDH. Excessive ultrafiltration is the most dominant risk factor in the high incidence of IDH.

HUBUNGAN TUNGAU DEBU RUMAH, PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK DAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT KELUARGA TERHADAP KEJADIAN ASMA BRONKIAL PADA ANAK USIA 5 – 10 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS LEMPAKE KOTA SAMARINDA TAHUN 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Evi New Yearsi Pangadongan ◽  
Agustina Rahyu ◽  
Selvy Pasulu
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
And Gender

Bronchial Asthma generally starts from childhood which is condition where respiration channel experiences constriction because of hyperactivity with some specific stimulation which cause inflammation. Some risk factors are smoking exposure of cigarette smoke, weather changes, mite on house dirt, pet and history of family sickness. The purpose of this research is to know Relation of mite on house dirt, exposure of cigarette smoke  and history of family sickness with bronchial asthma incident to child 5 – 10  years old on working area of Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda City in 2016. Method which used was analytic survey with Case Control approaching. The total sample was 36 children which consisted of 18 case group and 18 control group with matching by using age and gender which submitted with Purposive Sampling technique. Data Analysis used Chi Square with wrong degree α = 0,005. The result showed that there was relation of mite of house dirt (p = 0,006), history of family sickness (p = 0,001) and no relation with exposure of cigarette smoke (p = 0,370) with bronchial asthma incident to child 5 – 10 years old on working area of Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda City in 2016.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA KOMPONEN RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT ISPA DI WlLAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS WONOKUSUMO KOTA SURABAYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maramis Puji Darma ◽  
Khambali . ◽  
Setiawan .
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
And Control ◽  
Assessment Result

Home environment give influence on upper way respiration disease (ISPA) asenvironment based disease indicated by improving ISPA incidence because of unhealthy homeand residential. Wonokusumo public health center during last five years ISPAalways positionedfirst ranking in Top 10 diseases with average more than 10.000 cases. This research done torecognize correlation between home component and ISPA incidence in Wonokusumo publichealth center Surabaya region in 2013.Analytic research method done with case control. This research compare between casegroup and control group. Sample taken as many 94 houses for case group respective andcontrol group with population 10.013 patients. Sampling technique using simple randomsampling with data analysis method using chi square test.The assessment result explain that house component assessment aspects which meetrequirement house component assessmentaspects are ceilings, wall, floor, living room window,and lighting. While unmeet requirement are bedroom aspects, ventilation, and kitchen fumecavity. Most of case group have home component is unmet requirements with percentage79.8% and most of control group as many 74.5%. The result of the research indicating thatthere are no correlation between house components and ISPAdisease incidence.Suggested health workers give information, citizen hoped to keep house cleanliness andheld contest about health home in order to citizen more motivated again for more improvinghouse that meeting healthy requirements.Keywords: House component, ISPAincidence, health house.

PERAN MAP, ROT, IMT DALAM SKRINING PREEKLAMPSIA DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Dwi Putri Rahayu Tampubolon ◽  
Lilik Herawati ◽  
Ernawati Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Case Control ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Consecutive Sampling

Abstrak Latar Belakang : Preeklampsia tetap menempati peringkat pertama sebagai penyebab tingginya Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Surabaya dari tahun 2013-2017 sebesar 28.92 %. Tingginya angka preeklampsia bisa dicegah dengan dilakukannya skrining preeklampsia yang mudah dilakukan pada trimester I dan II yaitu dengan dilakukannya skrining Mean Arterial Presure (MAP), Roll Over Test (ROT), Indeks Masa Tubuh (IMT) di fasilitas kesehatan dasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Skrining Preeklampsia (MAP, ROT, IMT) yang dilakukan pada ibu hamil trimester I dan trimester II serta kejadian preeklampsia. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Retrospektif, Case Control dengan sampel pada kelompok kasus yaitu pasien preeklampsia pada saat trimester I dan II yang dilakukan skrining preeklampsia sedangkan untuk kelompok kontrol, ibu hamil normal yang juga dilakukan skrining preeklampsia pada trimester I dan II. Hasil : Didapatkan besar sampel 189 ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia selama 1 tahun, pengambilan sampel dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Hasil pemeriksaan diperoleh pada kelompok kasus didapatkan pasien dengan MAP (+), ROT (+), IMT (+) berturut-turut adalah 43 (95.6 %), 18 (40 %) dan 18 (40 %), sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol diperoleh hasil 18 (40 %) sampel MAP (+), 26 (57.8 %) ROT (+), 5 (11.1 %) IMT (+). Hasil uji statistik Chi Square menunjukan adanya hubungan signifikan antara skrining MAP dan IMT dengan kejadian preeklampsia dengan nilai p berturut-turut (p 0.0001, OR = 32.250 dan p 0.002, OR = 5.333 ), namun tidak didapatkan hubungan antara skrining ROT dengan kejadian preeklampsia (p 0.092 OR = 0.487). Didapatkan hubungan ketiga skrining (MAP, ROT, IMT) dengan kejadian preeklampsia (p 0.001, OR 4.529). Kesimpulan : Pasien MAP (+) dan IMT (+) mempunyai resiko sebesar 32 kali dan 5 kali pada preeklampsia. Skrining ROT (+) tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia.AbstractBackground: Preeclampsia still ranks first as the cause of the high Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Surabaya from 2013-2017 at 28.92%. The high rate of preeclampsia can be prevented by conducting pre-eclampsia screening that is easy to do in the first and second trimesters by doing Mean Arterial Presure (MAP) screening, Roll Over Test (ROT), Body Mass Index (BMI) in basic health facilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Preeclampsia Screening (MAP, ROT, BMI) performed in first trimester and second trimester pregnant women and the incidence of preeclampsia. Methods : This study was a retrospective study, case control with samples in the case group, namely preeclampsia patients during the first and second trimesters of preeclampsia screening, while for the control group, normal pregnant women who were also screened for preeclampsia in the first and second trimester. Results There was a sample of 189 pregnant women with preeclampsia for 1 year, taking samples by consecutive sampling technique. The results of the examination were obtained in the case group obtained patients with MAP (+), ROT (+), BMI (+) respectively 43 (95.6%), 18 (40%) and 18 (40%), while in the control group obtained results of 18 (40%) samples of MAP (+), 26 (57.8%) ROT (+), 5 (11.1%) BMI (+). The Chi Square statistical test results showed a significant relationship between MAP and BMI screening with the incidence of preeclampsia with p values in a row (p 0.0001, OR = 32,250 and p 0.002, OR = 5,333), but no association between ROT screening and the incidence of preeclampsia ( p 0.092 OR = 0.487). Obtained the third screening relationship (MAP, ROT, BMI) with the incidence of preeclampsia (p 0.001, OR 4,529). Conclusion: MAP (+) and BMI (+) patients have 32 times and 5 times higher risk of preeclampsia. Screening for ROT (+) has no relationship with the incidence of preeclampsia.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN USIA MENARCHE DENGAN KEJADIAN ENDOMETRIOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Sri Purwati Puji Lestari ◽  
Jimmy Yanuar Annas ◽  
Juniastuti Juniastuti
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Uterine Surgery ◽  
Gynecological Disease ◽  
Age Of Menarche

AbstrakLatar belakang : Endometriosis adalah penyakit ginekologi yang bersifat menahun dan progresif dengan angka kejadiannya mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun namun penyebabnya sebagian besar masih belum diketahui. Usia menarche adalah salah satu faktor resiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian endometriosis. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia menarche dengan kejadian endometriosis di Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik retrospective dengan pendekatan case control. Kelompok kasus adalah wanita yang telah menjalani operasi kandungan dengan hasil Patologi Anatomi menunjukkan endometriosis dan kelompok kontrol adalah pasien wanita yang telah menjalani operasi laparaskopi MOW (Metode Opetratif Wanita). Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 70 responden (35 kasus, 35 kontrol) selama periode tahun 2017-2018 dengan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi.. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi square pada tingkat kemaknaan α 0,05. Hasil : Responden dengan endometriosis sebagian besar mengalami menarche pada usia 12-13 tahun (62,9%). Usia menarche tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian endometriosis (p=0,484). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara usia menarche dengan kejadian endometriosis di Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya. AbstractBackground: Endometriosis is a chronic and progressive gynecological disease with an increased incidence every year but the cause is largely unknown. Age of menarche is one of the risk factors associated with the incidence of endometriosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between age of menarche the incidence of endometriosis in Dr. Ramelan Hospital Surabaya. Method: This was a retrospective analytic study with a case control approach. The case group was women who had undergone uterine surgery with Anatomical Pathology results showing endometriosis and the control group were women who had undergone laparoscopic tuba ligation. 70 respondents (35 cases, 35 controls) taken during the period of 2017-2018 with a purposive sampling technique based on inclusion criteria. Analyzed data used chu square test at significant level of α 0,05. Results: Most respondent who got endometriosis had menarche at 12-13 years old (62.9%). The age of menarche had no significant association with the incidence of endometriosis (p = 0.484). Conclusion: We found no association between age of menarche and the incidence of endometriosis with the incidence of endometriosis in the Dr. Ramelan Hospital Surabaya. 

scholarly journals Hubungan Antara Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Implan dengan Komunikasi, Informasi, Edukasi (KIE), dan Pengetahuan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Nurul Alfiyah ◽  
Djohar Nuswantoro ◽  
Sunarsih Sunarsih
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Long Acting

Introduction: Contraception usage in Indonesia had not effective yet. The high usage of contraception not compensated by evenness on each type of contraception. Implant as a long acting reversible contraception with high effectiveness is rarely used because of negative perception in society. The existence of negative perception caused by lack of information and knowledge about implant contraception. The study analysed association between implant contraception usage with Education Information Communication (EIC) and knowledge.Methods: An observational analytic with a case control design. The population were 822 contraceptive acceptors. Study period on January-December 2018. Total samples were 70 with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. Divided into 2 groups, (35 non-implant acceptors as a case group and 35 implant acceptors as a control group). Data obtained through primary data and obtained from the results of guided interviews and questionnaires. Then analyzed through the chi square statistical test.Results: 60% of acceptors got a good EIC about implant contraception (p=0.001), 51.4% of acceptors had enough knowledge about implant contraception (p=0.94).Conclusion: There is an association between EIC with implant contraception usage, but there isn’t an association between knowledge of implant contraception usage.

scholarly journals The Role of Age, Education and Work of Mothers in The Incidence of Stunting for Toddlers Aged 24 – 59 Months

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Nutrisia Nu'im Haiya ◽  
Iwan Ardian ◽  
Intan Rismatul Azizah
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Stunting is a condition in which the afternoon z value is less than the standard deviation or when the child has a length or height that is not according to their age, There are various factors that affect the condition of stunting, but the mother is one of the most important factors in the occurrence of stunting, therefore this research was conducted with the aim of knowing the role or risk of maternal age, education and occupation in the incidence of stunting. This analytic observational study used a case-control design with a purposive sampling technique with a total of 106 respondents with each sample in each group being 53 for the case group and the control group also totalling 53 respondents. The chi-square test was defined as the test used in this study. In both groups, the majority of the test results were aged 20-35 years, the majority or most of them had high school education, and housewives made up the majority of occupations of the two groups. The results of this study indicate that the mother's age, education, and occupation are not related, but this study shows that mothers aged 20-35 years and with high school education have a lower risk of having a stunted child. Reflecting on this study, it can be seen that the ideal age and high maternal education cause mothers to be at lower risk of having stunted children.

Risk Factors Of Complicated Pneumonia In Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Pratista Oktafia ◽  
Prananda Surya Airlangga ◽  
Ira Dharmawati ◽  
Retno Asih Setyoningrum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Complicated Pneumonia ◽  
First Admission

Introduction: Pneumonia causes morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Pediatric patients with complicated pneumonia have a poor prognosis and are more at risk of death. Objective To identify risk factors for complications in pediatric patients with pneumonia. Method: This research was a case-control study, involving children with pneumonia aged 1-59 months in Dr. Soetomo in 2016-2020. The sample was divided into two groups. Patients who had complications at first admission were classified as a case group. Whereas patients without complications at first admission were classified as a control group. Samples for the case group were obtained by using total sampling method, while the control group employed random sampling technique. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed by chi-square test. Result: A total of 44 case group samples and 53 control group samples were involved during this study. Among investigated variables, male gender (OR=2,842; 95% CI, 1,24-6,49) and anemia (OR=3,283; 95% CI, 1,26-8,49) might increase the risk of complicated pneumonia. Meanwhile other variables, namely age, comorbidities, birth weight, malnutrition, and immunization status did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of complications in pneumonia patients. Conclusion: Male gender and anemia are risk of complicated pneumonia.  

scholarly journals Hubungan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah dan Penyakit Infeksi dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Baduta di Desa Maron Kidul Kecamatan Maron Kabupaten Probolinggo

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Novianti Tysmala Dewi ◽  
Dhenok Widari
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Infection Disease

Background: Stunting is a nutritional problem that has a high prevalence in Indonesia. Stunting among children under two years of age has a higher risk compared to other age groups because it will permanently affect the physical and cognitive development of children in the future. Factors that can cause stunting include low birth weight and infectious diseases.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between low birth weight and infection disease with incident of stunting among children under two years of age in Maron sub district, District of Probolinggo, East Java. Methods: This research was an observational research with case-control design. Sampling technique using multistage random sampling. the study was conducted in June until July 2018. The samples of study were 52 children (26 stunted children in case group and 26 normal growth children in control group. Data collection of infectious diseases was carried out by structured questionnaire interviews and medical records while low birth weight was obtained by looking at KIA book. Stunting was determined from measurement of children's recumbent length by metline. Data were analyzed by using chi square test for determining odds ratio. Results: The results showed that low birth weight (p=0.042; OR=0.157; 95% CI: 0.030-0.822) and infection disease (p=0.049; OR=3.071; 95% CI: 1.155-11.861) had significant relation with stunting among children under two years of age. Conclusions: Low birth weight and infection disease in the last 3 months increased the risk of 0.157 and 3.017 times stunting among children under two years of age. It is recommended for children under two years of age who have low birth weight and infectious disease should be given special attention by Integrated Health Post and there should be a monitoring related development routinely so developmental disruptions can be identified and immediately get the treatment. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang:Stunting merupakan masalah gizi yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia. Stunting pada baduta memiliki risiko lebih tinggi jika dibanding dengan kelompok usia lain karena akan berdampak secara permanen terhadap perkembangan fisik dan kognitif anak dimasa depan. Faktor penyebab stunting diantaranya adalah berat badan lahir rendah dan penyakit infeksi.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisis hubungan antara berat badan lahir rendah dan penyakit infeksi dengan kejadian stunting pada baduta di Desa Maron Kidul Kecamatan Maron, Kabupaten Probolinggo.Metode: Jenis penelitian menggunakan desain case-control. Sampel diambil dengan teknik sampel acak bertahap. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni hingga Juli 2018. Besar sampel sebanyak 52 baduta (26 anak stunting dan 26 anak non-stunting). Pengumpulan data penyakit infeksi dilakukan dengan wawancara kuisioner terstruktur dan rekam medik sedangkan berat badan lahir rendah diperoleh dengan melihat buku KIA. Penentuan stunting baduta diperoleh melalui pengukuran panjang badan dengan metline. Data dianalisis menggunakan chi-square untuk menentukan odds ratio.Hasil:  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan berat badan lahir rendah (p=0.042; OR=0,157; 95% CI: 0,030-0,822), dan penyakit infeksi (p=0,049; OR=3,071; 95% CI: 1,155-11,861) dengan kejadian stunting pada baduta.  Kesimpulan:Berat badan lahir rendah dan Rerat badan lahir rendah dan dutdah diperoleh dengan melihat buku KIA. of alcohol penyakit infeksi dalam 3 bulan terakhir meningkatkan risiko sebesar 0,157 dan 3,017 kali terhadap kejadian stunting pada baduta. Disarankan untuk baduta yang memiliki masalah BBLR dan penyakit infeksi diberikan perhatian khusus oleh posyandu serta perlu dilakukan peninjauan terkait perkembangan secara rutin agar gangguan perkembangan yang mungkin terjadi dapat segera dikenali dan diatasi.

scholarly journals Effects of the Combination of Auricular Acupressure and a Fluid-Restriction Adherence Program on Salivary Flow Rate, Xerostomia, Fluid Control, Interdialytic Weight Gain, and Diet-Related Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10520
Author(s):  
AeKyung Chang ◽  
YoonChung Chung ◽  
MoonJa Kang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Interdialytic Weight Gain ◽  
Auricular Acupressure ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Fluid Control

Adherence to fluid-restriction is a clinical priority in nephrology care. This study examines the effects of a combination of auricular acupressure (AA) and a fluid-restriction adherence program on the salivary flow rate, xerostomia, fluid control, interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), and diet-related quality of life (DQOL) among hemodialysis patients in South Korea. Using a quasi-experimental design, 84 hemodialysis patients were assigned to the experimental group (AA + fluid-restriction adherence program; n = 29), the comparison group (fluid-restriction adherence program; n = 27), and the control group (usual care; n = 28). The program lasted 6 weeks, and data were collected at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 4 months post-intervention. There was a significant interaction between group and time for salivary flow rate, fluid control, IDWG, and DQOL (all p < 0.005). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had a significantly improved salivary flow rate, fluid control, IDWG, and DQOL at weeks 6 and 22, whereas the comparison group had improved fluid control and DQOL at week 6. The combination of AA and a fluid-restriction adherence program could be provided to hemodialysis patients as cost-effective, safe, and complementary interventions to promote sustainable patient adherence to fluid-restriction.

scholarly journals Bio-physicochemical markers of the Aedes aegypti breeding water in endemic and non-endemic area

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Dwi Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

The survival of <em>Aedes aegypti</em> larvae is inseparable from the adequacy of food, including organic substances available in the breeding water. It is very dependent on the level of water markers such as temperature, salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, and pH. The study used quantitative observational analytic with a case-control study design. Case group has consisted of breeding water in endemic area and control group was in non-endemic area. The sample size was 43 samples for each group, collected by purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney test. Larvae mostly presence in endemic area (68.3%) and mostly absent in non-endemic area (85.4%) (<em>p</em>-value = 0.002). Temperature in endemic area mostly in 27-30<sup>o</sup>C (86%) and non-endemic area mostly in &lt;27<sup>o</sup>C or &gt;30<sup>o</sup>C (72.1%) (<em>p</em>-value = 0.000). Salinity in endemic and non-endemic areas has no difference (<em>p</em>-value = 0.266). DO in endemic areas were mostly in 5.02-7.82 mg/l (76.7%). While DO in non-endemic area was mostly in &lt;5.02 mg/l or &gt;7.82 mg/l (95.3%) (<em>p</em>-value = 0.001). The pH &lt;6 or &gt;7.8 is mostly in non-endemic areas (87.8%) and pH 6-7.8 is mostly in endemic areas (63.4%) (<em>p</em>-value = 0.000). Bio-physicochemical markers of breeding sites water have differences between endemic and non-endemic area except salinity. The temperature, salinity, DO, and pH affected the presence of larvae and the most affected is DO marker. While the marker that affected the presence of larvae in the non-endemic area is pH.

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