scholarly journals Matemáticas puras y mixtas en una cenefa atribuida al artista mahonés Pascual Calbó Caldés (1752 - 1817)

STUDIUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Vicente Meavilla Seguí ◽  
Antonio M. Oller Marcén
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Music Literature ◽  
The Common ◽  
Southern Wall ◽  
Eastern Wall

El artista menorquín Pascual Calbó Caldés (1752 – 1817), autor de una enciclopedia científica que ha llegado hasta nosotros con el nombre de Obras didácticas, pintó en el salón de la Casa Vidal (Mahón, calle de Isabel II, nº 21) una cenefa en la que aparecen representaciones alegóricas de la escultura, pintura, arquitectura, astronomía, música, literatura, matemáticas y agricultura. En este artículo mostramos algunos detalles relativos a las alegorías de las matemáticas (lado este) y la astronomía (lado sur) que pueden escapar al ojo del observador común. Palabras clave: Pascual Calbó, Matemáticas, Pintura, Menorca, Siglo XVIII.  ABSTRACT The artist from Menorca Pascual Calbó Caldés (1752 – 1817), author of a scientific encyclopedia which has been preserved under the title of Obras didácticas, painted in the living room of the Casa Vidal (Mahón, 21st of Isabel II Street) a frieze in which we can find allegorical representations of sculpture, painting, architecture, music, literature, mathematics and agriculture. In this paper, we present some details regarding the allegories of mathematics (eastern wall) and astronomy (southern wall) that may scape the eye of the common observer. Keywords: Pascual Calbó, Mathematics, Painting, Minorca, 18th century.

Rediscovering Blackstone: wpływ Williama Blackstone’a na rozwój amerykańskiej nauki prawa w recepcji Alberta W. Alschulera

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Edyta Sokalska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
American Law ◽  
The Common

The reception of common law in the United States was stimulated by a very popular and influential treatise Commentaries on the Laws of England by Sir William Blackstone, published in the late 18th century. The work of Blackstone strengthened the continued reception of the common law from the American colonies into the constituent states. Because of the large measure of sovereignty of the states, common law had not exactly developed in the same way in every state. Despite the fact that a single common law was originally exported from England to America, a great variety of factors had led to the development of different common law rules in different states. Albert W. Alschuler from University of Chicago Law School is one of the contemporary American professors of law. The part of his works can be assumed as academic historical-legal narrations, especially those concerning Blackstone: Rediscovering Blackstone and Sir William Blackstone and the Shaping of American Law. Alschuler argues that Blackstone’s Commentaries inspired the evolution of American and British law. He introduces not only the profile of William Blackstone, but also examines to which extent the concepts of Blackstone have become the basis for the development of the American legal thought.

scholarly journals Vínculos entre la Escuela Austriaca de Economía y el método de la inversión en valor

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-304
Author(s):  
Diego E. Quijano Durán
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Economic Calculation ◽  
Austrian School Of Economics ◽  
Value Investing ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The Austrian school of economics and the investment method known as value investing have a similar conception of the world, so that it is possible to find multiple links between them and form a coherent structure. To the economist, this allows for a much deeper understanding of the entrepreneurial function and the manner in which economic calculation is actually performed. To the investor, it offers a theoretical framework that explains economic phenomena, permitting him to better understand the role of the entrepreneur and to protect his investment when dangerous patterns can be observed. In this essay, we begin from the common stance of both schools of thought towards common sense, the use of realistic assumptions, the importance of prudence and the low value of complex mathematics in the fields of economics and finance. We then proceed to develop in greater depth nine aspects that have strong philosophical and scientific links. Key words: Value investing, Austrian school of economics, entrepreneurship, dynamic efficiency, economic calculation. JEL Classification: A12, G17, M20. Resumen: La Escuela Austriaca de Economía y el método de inversión en valor tienen una concepción similar del mundo que permite entrelazarlas coherentemente. Al economista, le permite profundizar el conocimiento del ejercicio de la función empresarial y la realización del cálculo económico en la práctica. Al inversor, le ofrece un marco teórico para comprender mejor el papel del empresario y los fenómenos económicos y detectar temprano patrones peligrosos y así protegerse. En este trabajo partimos de la base de que ambas escuelas de pensamiento tienen sus raíces en el sentido común y los supuestos realistas, que son prudentes a la hora de ver el futuro y que dudan de la utilidad de las matemáticas complejas en los campos económicos y financieros. Sobre ello, desarrollamos nueve aspectos en los cuales hay fuertes conexiones como, por ejemplo, la manera en que el ejercicio de la empresarialidad mejora la eficiencia del mercado y coordina los planes de las personas. Palabras clave: Inversión en valor, escuela austriaca de economía, empre-sarialidad, eficiencia dinámica, cálculo económico. Clasificación JEL: A12, G17, M20.

scholarly journals Sociolingvistická situace psaných slovanských jazyků v 1. polovině 18. století

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-40
Author(s):  
Vladislav Knoll
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Function Structure ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
National Languages

The main aim of the article is to present a complex image of the diversity, use and functions of written Slavonic idioms in the first half of the 18th century, which is the period that shortly precedes the creation of the modern national languages. This detailed view shows that the number of the written varieties was much larger, and the function structure of the single languages and varieties in each speech community was more complex than now. The article also discusses the methodological issues linked to the studies on the pre-national languages and tries to find the common patterns of variety hierarchy in each of the main cultural areas of the Slavonic world.

scholarly journals The “Slavic-Russian Nation” in the Historical Literature of Ukraine and Russia from the 1600s to the mid-1700s

Slovene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-447
Author(s):  
Petr S. Stefanovich
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Imperial Identity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Church ◽  
Century Literature

The article analyzes the history of the concept of a “Slavic-Russian nation”. The concept was first used by Zacharia Kopystenskij in 1624, but its wide occurrence starts in 1674, when Synopsis, the first printed history of Russia, was published in Kiev. In the book, “Slavic-Russian nation” refers to an ancient Slavic people, which preceded the “Russian nation” (“rossiyskiy narod”) of the time in which the book was written. Uniting “Slavs” and “Russians” (“rossy”) into one “Slavic-Russian nation”, the author of Synopsis followed the idea which was proposed but not specifically defined by M. Stryjkovskij in his Chronicle (1582) and, later, by the Kievan intellectuals of the 1620s–30s. The construction of Synopsis was to prove that “Russians” (“rossy”) were united by both the common Slavic origin and the Church Slavonic language used by the Orthodox Slavic peoples. According to Synopsis, they were also supposed to be united by the Muscovite tsar’s authority and the Orthodox religion. The whole conception made Synopsis very popular in Russia in the late 17th century and later. Earlier in the 17th-century literature of the Muscovite State, some authors also proposed ethno-genetic constructions based on Stryjkovskij’s Chronicle and other Renaissance historiography. Independently from the Kievan literature, the word “Slavic-Russian” was invented (first appearance in the Legend about Sloven and Rus, 1630s). Both the Kievan and Muscovite constructions of a mythical “Slavic-Russian nation” aimed at making an “imagined” ethno-cultural nation. They contributed to forming a new Russian imperial identity in the Petrine epoch. However, the concept of a “Slavic-Russian nation” was not in demand in the political discourse of the Petrine Empire. It was sporadically used in the historical works of the 18th century (largely due to the influence of Synopsis), but played no significant role in the proposed interpretations of Russian history.

scholarly journals Evaluación del perfil de egreso y prácticas profesionales en estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Básica, en la Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez (UCSH), 2009

2014 ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Susana Barrera A.
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Initial Teacher Training ◽  
University Mathematics ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
General Training ◽  
The Common ◽  
Key Words Evaluation ◽  
Formación Docente

RESUMEN Esta investigación se propone diagnosticar el logro de competencias del perfil de egreso alcanzado por estudiantes, y las dificultades en sus prácticas pedagógicas, en la carrera de Pedagogía en Educación Básica, con referencia en los Planes Comunes de Universidad (PCU) y de Educación (PCEDUC), y las áreas de formación generalista. Utiliza tests, con ítems problematizadores donde el evaluado aplica habilidades formadas. Los resultados corresponden a 66 voluntarios, de 98 egresados. En PCEDUC y Ciencias Naturales más de la mitad de egresados alcanzan logros regularmente suficientes; en PCU, Matemática, Ciencias Sociales y Educación Artística se concentran logros insuficientes, mientras que en Lenguaje un tercio evidencia logros suficientes. No hay diferencia significativa en los resultados de Programa por jornadas. En las prácticas se destacan problemas en la supervisión, manejo de estrategias de enseñanza y de convivencia. Palabras clave: Evaluación de logros, perfil de egreso, formación docente, práctica profesional  ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to diagnose the achievement of the competences of the graduate profile achieved by students and the difficulties in their internships regarding the Program of Education in Elementary Education, with reference to the Common Plan of University (PCU) and Common Plan of Education (PCEDUC), and the areas of general training. It uses tests, with items in context where he applies the skills acquired. Results correspond to 66 volunteers of 98 graduates. In the Common Plan Education and Natural Sciences for more than half of graduates achieve regularly sufficient progress, in Common Plan University, Mathematics, Social Science and Art focus on insufficient achievements, while one third show enough achievements on Language. There is no statistically significant difference in results by the type of Program. In the internships, stand out problems with supervision, the managing strategies, and the school coexistence. Key Words: Evaluation of achievements, graduate profile, initial teacher training, internships.

scholarly journals Tracing the Roots of Dementia Praecox: The Emergence of Verrücktheit as a Primary Delusional-Hallucinatory Psychosis in German Psychiatry From 1860 to 1880

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Dementia Praecox ◽  
Space Filling ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Faculty Psychology ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
The Common

Abstract While the roots of mania and melancholia can be traced to the 18th century and earlier, we have no such long historical narrative for dementia praecox (DP). I, here, provide part of that history, beginning with Kraepelin’s chapter on Verrücktheit for his 1883 first edition textbook, which, over the ensuing 5 editions, evolved into Kraepelin’s mature concepts of paranoia and paranoid DP. That chapter had 5 references published from 1865 to 1879 when delusional-hallucinatory syndromes in Germany were largely understood as secondary syndromes arising from prior episodes of melancholia and mania in the course of a unitary psychosis. Each paper challenged that view supporting a primary Verrücktheit as a disorder that should exist alongside mania and melancholia. The later authors utilized faculty psychology, noting that primary Verrücktheit resulted from a fundamental disorder of thought or cognition. In particular, they argued that, while delusions in mania and melancholia were secondary, arising from primary mood changes, in Verrücktheit, delusions were primary with observed changes in mood resulting from, and not causing, the delusions. In addition to faculty psychology, these nosologic changes were based on the common-sense concept of understandability that permitted clinicians to distinguish individuals in which delusions emerged from mood changes and mood changes from delusions. The rise of primary Verrücktheit in German psychiatry in the 1860–1870s created a nosologic space for primary psychotic illness. From 1883 to 1899, Kraepelin moved into this space filling it with his mature diagnoses of paranoia and paranoid DP, our modern-day paranoid schizophrenia.

A “Matter of Opinion, What Tends to the General Welfare”: Governing the Workplace

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Keeley
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Common Good ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
The Common

Abstract:Opinion surveys and popular media suggest that American workers are disillusioned with their employers and bosses. Governance in organizations is becoming a recognized problem. Classical works on governance call for more virtuous leaders, less selfish followers, and closer attention to the common good. These works were rejected as a basis for governing nations in the 18th century. They are unlikely to provide a basis for governing organizations in the 21st century. This article outlines a liberal-democratic approach to governing corporations, applies this approach to debates over shareholder-stakeholder accountabilities, and proposes special accountabilities to employees.

scholarly journals Congenital Aplasia of the Common Carotid Artery: A Comprehensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vasović ◽  
M. Trandafilović ◽  
S. Vlajković
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
The Past ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Congenital Aplasia ◽  
General Data ◽  
The Common

In an attempt to describe the morphofunctional consequences of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the common carotid artery (CCA), which is usually a vascular source of the external carotid (ECA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries, we investigated online databases of anatomical and clinical papers published from the 18th century to the present day. We found 87 recorded cases of uni- and bilateral CCA aplasia in subjects from the first hours to the eighth decade of life, which had been discovered in 14 (known) countries. Four crucial parameters were described: the embryology of the carotid arteries, morphophysiology of the carotid arteries, CCA aplasia, and unilateral versus bilateral CCA aplasia, including history, general data, diagnosing, vascular sources, caliber, course of the separated ECA and ICA, associated vascular variants, and pathological disorders. To complete the knowledge of the morphofunctional consequences of the absence of some artery of the carotid system, and risking the possibility of repeating some words, as “carotid artery”, or “carotid aplasia” and the headings from our previous article about bilateral ICA absence, this review is the first in the literature that recorded all cases of the CCA aplasia published and/or cited for the past 233 years. Main characteristic of the CCA absence is its association with 21 different diseases, among which the aneurysms were in 13.69% of cases, and 17.80% of cases were without pathology.

Diglossia among French Sephardim as a Motivation for the Genesis of ‘Judeo-Gascon’

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-119
Author(s):  
Peter Nahon
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
The Common

This article sheds new light on the linguistic identity of the so-called ‘Portuguese Jews’ of Gascony. According to the currently-accepted historical reconstruction, after being Spanish-speaking during the first centuries of their settlement in France, these communities all adopted standard French towards the end of the 18th century. However, their linguistic legacy has been misinterpreted: Spanish was a mere written tongue, used by learned members of the communities until the 18th century, whereas Gascon, the local vernacular, was spoken. This situation of diglossia, paralleling that of the local Christian inhabitants, who wrote in French yet spoke Gascon, resulted in differentiation of the common language of both communities, with the emergence of a distinctive Jewish variety. Now mostly obsolescent, this ‘Jewish’ language is being recovered through intensive study of textual evidence – samples of which are provided here along with some of our theories.

O CONTADOR E OS LIVROS: o catálogo dos livros apreendidos ao conde da Ega em 1813

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
CLáUDIO DENIPOTI
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
Printed Word

Em 1813, a redação manuscrita do ”Catalogo dos livros que foram do Ex Conde da Ega, os quaes por ordem do Illmo e Exmo Snr, Marquez de Borba, etc...”, feito no á¢mbito da Intendência de Obras Públicas de Lisboa, pelo escrivão Thomaz de Aquino Leal, oferece-nos personagens que podem permitir uma análise sobre o universo dos livros em Portugal entre os séculos XVIII e XIX. Uma análise estatá­stica permite ver uma biblioteca composta fundamentalmente por obras filosófico-religiosas, impressas em Latim, Espanhol e Português, publicadas majoritariamente no século XVI e XVIII. Uma análise discursiva permitirá uma percepção das clivagens sócio-polá­ticas em cena no contexto das guerras napoleônicas em Portugal. Uma comparação com outros catálogos manuscritos permitirá explorar os limites desse documento para os historiadores modernos. Palavras -chave: História da palavra impressa. Bibliotecas. Guerra Peninsular. Catálogos.  THE ACCOUNTANT AND THE BOOKS: the catalogue of apprehended books belonging to the count of Ega in 1813Abstract: In 1813, the manuscript of the ”Catalog of books belonging to the Count of Ega, apprehended by order of the Marquis of Borba...”, written within the office of Public Works in Lisbon, by notary Thomaz de Aquino Leal presents us with characters which may allow us to analyze the book universe in Portugal at the turn of the 18th to the 19th Centuries. A statistical analysis allows us to view a library made up fundamentally of books published during the 16th to 18th Century period, mostly in Latin, Spanish and Portuguese, on philosophy and religion themes. A discourse analysis will allow an understanding of the social and political divides in play during the Napoleonic wars in Portugal. A comparison with other manuscript catalogs will let us explore the limits of such documents for the modern historians. Keywords: Printed word history. Libraries. Peninsular wars. Catalogues.  EL CONTADOR Y LOS LIBROS: el catálogo de los libros aprehendidos al conde de la Ega, en 1813 Resumen: En 1813, la redacción manuscrita del "Catálogo dos livros que foram do Ex Conde da Ega, os quais, por ordem do Ilmo e Exmo Sr. Marquez de Borba, etc...  " hecho en el ámbito de la Administración de Obras Publicas de Lisboa, por el notario Thomaz de Aquino Leal, nos ofrece personajes que pueden permitir un análisis sobre el universo de los libros en Portugal, entre los siglos de XVIII y XIX. Un análisis  permite ver una biblioteca compuesta fundamentalmente por obras filosófico religiosas, impresas en Latá­n , Español y Portugués, publicadas mayoritariamente en el siglo XVI y XVIII. Un análisis discursivo permitirá una percepción de las fragmentaciones socio polá­ticos en el escenario del contexto de las guerras napoleónicas en Portugal. Una comparación con otros catálogos manuscritos podrá permitir la explotación de los lá­mites de ese documento para los historiadores modernos. Palabras clave: Historia de la palabra impresa. Bibliotecas. Guerras Peninsular. Catálogos.

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