scholarly journals DIMENSIONS OF CRIME INVOLVING WOMEN IN DRUG TRAFFICKING - LITERATURE REVIEW FROM DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR TO RELAPSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 92-116
Author(s):  
Miana DINA ◽  
Jose Manuel Rodriguez GOMEZ ◽  
Cornelia RADA
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Academic Search ◽  
Main Factor

Objectives. The aim of this study was to review the most important factors influencing women's involvement in drug trafficking. Material and methods. A systematic search of literature was carried out using Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, ProQuest Central, PsychInfo. The inclusion criteria were met by fifty-two studies. In order to facilitate the understanding of the behaviour of women who commit this crime, factor analysis was grouped into social-cultural, personal and psychological factors. Results. The main social and cultural factors considered were the adopted political system, the racial element, the cultural-regional peculiarities, the geographical positioning, the socio-economic status and the sociofamilial environment. The personal factors identified were age, occupation, lifestyle, system of norms and values, and psychological ones referred to indicators of psychological disorders, addictive behavior, the ability to control reactions and the perceived level of self-efficacy. Conclusions. The factors with the highest share of drug trafficking among women were group membership, economic and social status, educational level of parents and friends, prison history and drug use. If in the rural area the main factor that determines women to get involved in drug trafficking is the lack of a job and a low level of education, in the urban area, the influence of the group is significant. Regarding the reasons behind the involvement of women in such criminal acts or in the manifestation of addictive behaviors, these are often compensatory mechanisms, adopted in the absence of effective coping strategies. Keywords: women, drugs, trafficking, addiction, relapse.

scholarly journals Leadership in Acts through a social capital lens

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Nell
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
South African ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Missional Church ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
African Context ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Social capital can be defined in various ways. In most of these definitions at least three dimensions can be distinguished. First there is �bonding� (the horizontal relationships between people operating within different social networks and with specific norms and values). The second dimension is �bridging� (bonds that transcend differences in religion, ethnicity, culture and socio-economic status). This dimension prevents horizontal ties from becoming the basis for narrow and even sectarian interests. Normally, a third dimension called �linking� also forms part of social capital, and ideological aspects come into focus here. This dimension includes aspects such as justice, political power and the equitable distribution of income and property. When leadership in Acts is analysed through the lenses of these multi-focal spectacles, interesting perspectives are discovered that can enrich theories on leadership. These discoveries can also open up new perspectives on aspects of being a missional church in our South African context from within the context of Acts.�

scholarly journals Cultural and Ethnic Features of Udege People’s Experiences in Extreme Situations

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-490
Author(s):  
P. Kabanova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ethnic Norms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Factor Of Influence

This article discusses the definition of an extreme situation, its parameters and features, as well as the impact on the psychoemotional state of a person. The changes that can occur in a person's mental activity, in particular at the cognitive, emotional and behavioral levels, are described under the influence of not only personal factors, but also cultural characteristics, as well as individual life experience. On the example of the Udege ethnic group, ethnicity is considered as a factor of influence on human behavior in an extreme situation. Detailed consideration of this issue allows us to determine the degree of influence of ethnicity on behavior in an extreme situation and pay attention to the need to take into account cultural and ethnic characteristics when performing professional activities by psychologists in an extreme situation. The analysis of research is carried out, which allows us to identify the overall psychological characteristics of the Udege people, which were formed under the influence of cultural and moral - ethnic norms and values characteristic of these representatives of the Tungus-Manchu ethnic group. In particular, the features of ritual actions and rites were considered, as a characteristic of religious beliefs, moral and ethnic bases of interaction between representatives of the ethnic group. Features of everyday life features of gender distribution of roles, bases of marriage relations, bases of child-parent relations and characteristics of education. These features of cultural and ethnic values are considered as conditions that affect a person's behavioral response in an extreme situation and allow us to create a General psychological portrait of the Udege ethnic group, on the basis of which it becomes possible to make assumptions about the possible reactions of Udege people in an extreme situation.

scholarly journals Local Perception about Caesarian Section among Post Caesarian Section Women in Pakistan

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-308
Author(s):  
Ikram Badshah ◽  
Zakiya Rubab Mohsin ◽  
Jan Alam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Caesarian Section ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sociocultural Environment ◽  
Local Perception ◽  
Region 10 ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

Birthing is a critical moment in the life of a mother. The biomedical practice of the Caesarian Section (C-section) does not exist in a vacuum but is under the influence of the sociocultural environment. However, deciding between methods of birth and the perception about the C-section shows a gap and dearth in the present literature. This paper aims at understanding what social and cultural factors construct the perceptions and experiences of the Caesarian Section among post-C-section- women belonging to different socio-economic statuses. Moreover, it explores how these factors influence Pakistani women’s decision-making regarding childbirth methods. The paper uses a qualitative yet multi-sited locale approach, employing semi-structured interviews from 20 post-C-section women mainly from Islamabad and Rawalpindi region; 10 women belong to lower socio-economic status whereas, 10 to the upper one. Different themes from data were identified and obtained for analysis. The perception and experience of the C-section fluctuate with social, economic, and cultural factors. The influence of biomedical and intra-household politics on the decision of C-section is much conspicuous and evident. Affluent families practice C-sections under dominant power dynamics without any reasoning. For those who can afford C-section, is perceived as a luxury and artificial motherhood in the eyes of ‘’the others’’ whereas, normal birthing was true and natural motherhood. The social construction of the C-section suggests that social and cultural forces play a decisive role. C-section is only acceptable if there is an emergency otherwise natural birth is the most suitable method of childbirth. Along with advocating C-sections in critical medical conditions, an awareness campaign against C-sections is also imperative for it has severe consequences.

scholarly journals Internet Addiction Phenomenon in Early Adolescents in Hong Kong

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. L. Shek ◽  
Lu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Hong Kong Adolescents ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over Time

The present study investigated the prevalence and demographic correlates of Internet addiction in Hong Kong adolescents as well as the change in related behavior at two time points over a one-year interval. Two waves of data were collected from a large sample of students (Wave 1: 3,328 students, age=12.59±0.74years; Wave 2: 3,580 students, age=13.50±0.75years) at 28 secondary schools in Hong Kong. Comparable to findings at Wave 1 (26.4%), 26.7% of the participants met the criterion of Internet addiction at Wave 2 as measured by Young’s 10-item Internet Addiction Test. The behavioral pattern of Internet addiction was basically stable over time. While the predictive effects of demographic variables including age, gender, family economic status, and immigration status were not significant, Internet addictive behaviors at Wave 1 significantly predicted similar behaviors at Wave 2. Students who met the criterion of Internet addiction at Wave 1 were 7.55 times more likely than other students to be classified as Internet addicts at Wave 2. These results suggest that early detection and intervention for Internet addiction should be carried out.

scholarly journals ‘I forget to do pressure relief’: Personal factors influencing the prevention of secondary health conditions in people with spinal cord injury, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonti Pilusa ◽  
Hellen Myezwa ◽  
Joanne Potterton
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Patient Activation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Mental Well Being

Background: Across the lifespan, people with spinal cord injury (SCI) may experience preventable secondary health conditions (SHCs) such as pressures sores, muscle spasms and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Some factors influencing prevention of SHCs include social support, poor access to care and the prevention style of individuals. There is limited research on these factors.Objective: To explore personal factors influencing the prevention of SHCs in people with SCI.Method: An explorative qualitative study included participants recruited in an outpatient department at a rehabilitation hospital. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with SCI. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis.Results: Seventeen individuals with SCI were interviewed. From the interview analysis, six personal factors were identified, namely, socio-economic status; mental well-being (forgetfulness, beliefs, attitude); lack of knowledge of SHCs and prevention; lifestyle choices and practising prevention care; patient activation (self-management, problem-solving, resilience, self-awareness, help-seeking behaviour) and owning an appropriate assistive device.Conclusion: Socio-economic status, mental well-being, knowledge of SHCs and prevention care, behaviour patterns, patient activation and owning an appropriate assistive device can influence prevention of SHCs. To enhance patient-oriented care, a model of care for people with SCI should consider these factors when developing prevention strategies. Future research could look into identifying environmental factors that influence the prevention of SHCs in people with SCI.Clinical implications: Tailored prevention strategies need to be developed, health professionals must ask patients about individual factors that may be barriers or facilitators to preventing secondary health conditions.

PENGARUH FAKTOR SOSIAL, PERSONAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, DAN KULTURAL TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN CENTRO DEPARTMENT STORE MELALUI STIMULUS MIDNIGHT SALE

MODUS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Mega Retna Yuriska ◽  
Ign Sukirno
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Department Store ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Group Play ◽  
Main Factor

Midnight sale is one strategy that can provide stimuli to the customer purchase decision.However, the main factor or basis that contribute to the purchase decision by Schifman and Kanuk (2004) as quoted by Samuel, et al., (2005) are social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors. Consumer purchasing decisions due to social factors infuenced by some small groups like, group or group play, family, and the role and status (Kotler and Armstrong, 2004).Tis study was conducted to determine consumers’ assessment of social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors, consumer purchasing decisions knowing that stimulated by midnight sale and determine the infuence of social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors on consumer purchasing decisions Centro Department Store which distimuli by midnight sale. This research was conducted in Yogyakarta, namely the consumers Centro Department Store in June 2013.Te results showed that consumers have a good assessment on social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, cultural factors. Consumers have high purchasing decision in Centro Department Store during a midnight sale promotion program. Social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors simultaneously have a signifcant infuence on consumer purchasing decisions. Social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors have a positive and signifcant impact on consumer purchasing decisions.Keywords: Social factors, Personal factors, psychological factors, cultural factors, purchase decision

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Variations in Hospitalization for Diabetes with Hypoglycemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Kattan ◽  
Thomas Wan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Total Charges

Many studies have explored risk factors associated with Hypoglycemia (HG) and examined the variation in healthcare utilization among HG patients. However, most of these studies failed to integrate a comprehensive list of personal risk factors in their investigations. This empirical study employed the Behavioral Model (BM) of health care utilization as a framework to investigate diabetes’ hospitalizations with HG. The national inpatient sample with all non-pregnant adult patients admitted to hospitals’ emergency departments and diagnosed with HG from 2012 to 2014 was used. Personal factors were grouped as predictors of the length of stay and the total charges incurred for hospitalization. High-risk profiles of hospitalized HG patients were identified. The analysis shows the need for care factors are the most influential predictors for lengthy hospitalization. The predisposing factors have a limited influence, while enabling factors influence the variation in hospital total charges. The presence of renal disease and diabetes mellitus (DM) complications played a key role in predicting hospital utilization. Furthermore, age, socio-economic status (SES), and the geographical location of the patients were also found to be vital factors in determining the variability in utilization among HG patients. Findings provide practical applications for targeting the high-risk HG patients for interventions.

scholarly journals Soundscape Perceptions and Preferences for Different Groups of Users in Urban Recreational Forest Parks

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Xingyue Fang ◽  
Tian Gao ◽  
Marcus Hedblom ◽  
Naisheng Xu ◽  
Yi Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forest ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Behavioral Attributes ◽  
Park Design ◽  
Forest Parks ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
Lower Tolerance

Although the soundscape in cities is receiving increased attention in urban planning, there is still a lack of knowledge of how personal factors influence the perception of and preference for soundscapes. Most present studies are linked to one or a few specific soundscapes and do not have a holistic approach exploring the pros and cons of all soundscapes in a place. This study surveyed individuals to assess how soundscape perceptions and preferences may differ among various attendees of typical urban forest recreational parks in Xi’an, China, using an on-site questionnaire. The respondents (N = 2034) revealed that rare natural sounds were perceived more positively than the dominating artificial sounds. Five main dimensions of social, demographic, and behavioral attributes were found to be linked to the soundscape perceptions and preferences: (1) familiarity of the park and attendees’ age made people more tolerant towards sounds that others find annoying; (2) higher education and higher socio-economic status showed lower tolerance towards sounds; (3) having companions and specific types of recreational use increased the frequent perception of artificial sounds; (4) females generally showed higher sensitivity and lower tolerance than males towards several sounds; and (5) the longer attendees remained in the park, the more positive the overall soundscape preference was. The results indicate that numerous sounds are affecting people’s overall experience in the parks. These findings could help decision-makers and urban forest recreational park designers to formulate relevant strategies for park design that are in tune with varying public needs and expectations towards soundscape. The implementation of human-oriented soundscape design can therefore enhance people’s well-being.

scholarly journals Differences in the Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Access to Care between Italians and Non-Italians in a Social-Housing Neighbourhood of Milan, Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10621
Author(s):  
Gabriele Pagani ◽  
Federico Conti ◽  
Andrea Giacomelli ◽  
Letizia Oreni ◽  
Martina Beltrami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoker ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

The northern Italian region of Lombardy has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic since its arrival in Europe. However, there are only a few published studies of the possible influence of social and cultural factors on its prevalence in the general population. This cross-sectional study of the San Siro social-housing neighbourhood of Milan, which was carried about between 23 December 2020 and 19 February 2021, found that the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies in the population as a whole was 12.4% (253/2044 inhabitants), but there was a more than two-fold difference between non-Italians and Italians (23.3% vs. 9.1%). Multivariable analyses showed that being more than 50 years old, living in crowded accommodation, being a non-Italian, and having a low educational level were associated with higher odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, whereas a higher level of education, retirement, and being a former or current cigarette smoker were inversely associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings are in line with previous observations indicating that a lower socio-economic status may be a risk factor for COVID-19 and show that non-Italians are disproportionately affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. This suggests that public health policies should focus more on disadvantaged populations.

scholarly journals Snitches Get Stitches and End Up in Ditches: A Systematic Review of the Factors Associated With Whistleblowing Intentions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Nicholls ◽  
Lucas R. W. Fairs ◽  
John Toner ◽  
Luke Jones ◽  
Constantine Mantis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Business News ◽  
Academic Search

Blowing the whistle on corruption or wrongdoing can facilitate the detection, investigation, and then prosecution of a violation that may have otherwise gone undetected. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the factors that are associated with intentions to blow the whistle on wrongdoing. We searched Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Complete, Education Research Complete, ERIC, Medline, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Regional Business News, and SPORTDiscus in January 2020. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Of the 9,136 records identified, 217 studies were included in this systematic review. We identified 8 dimensions, 26 higher-order themes, and 119 lower-order themes. The whistleblowing dimensions were personal factors, organizational factors, cost and benefits, outcome expectancies, the offense, reporting, the wrongdoer, and social factors. Based on the findings, it is apparent that organizations should empower, educate, protect, support, and reward those who blow the whistle, in order to increase the likelihood on individuals blowing the whistle on corruption and wrongdoing. A combined approach may increase whistleblowing intentions, although research is required to test this assertion. From a policy perspective, more consistent protection is required across different countries.

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