scholarly journals As Semelhanças e Divergências entre o ECA e SINAJUVE

REVISTA PLURI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Ademir Benedito Dos Santos Junior ◽  
Edna Maria Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Social Mechanism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Educational Perspective

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre o avanço histórico de leis protetivas, que culminaram na formalização do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA, Lei Federal n. 8.069/1990), que substituiu o Código de Menores, e das Políticas Públicas que legitimou no Estatuto da Juventude Lei n. 12.852, de 05 de agosto de 2013. Para este intento, utilizou-se o método histórico-genealógico fundamentado em Michel Foucault. Na análise documental, foi identificada a evolução histórica das políticas públicas do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e do Estatuto da Juventude, da recente compreensão dos direitos das crianças, adolescentes e juventude. A relevância deste estudo se efetiva, devido à preocupação sobre a percepção dos indivíduos envolvidos, desde as crianças, até os adolescentes e jovens reconhecidos pelos Estatutos como sujeitos de direitos. O resultado aponta que, devido às várias desigualdades no Brasil e à falta de perspectivaeducacional, adolescentes em situação de fragilidade econômica buscam o mercado de trabalho que permite o consumo, e por meio desse mecanismo social forjam uma ideia sobre essa transição, atribuindo  noções, significados e papéis sociais de diferentes maneiras. Palavras Chave: Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente; Estatuto da Juventude; Transição; Consumo. AbstractThis article aims to reflect on the historical advance of protective laws, which culminated in the formalization of the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA, Federal Law nº 8.069 / 1990) that replaced the Minors Code, and the Public Policies that it legitimized in the Statute Youth Law No. 12,852, of 05/08/2013. For this purpose, the historical-genealogical method based on Michel Foucault was used. In the documentary analysis, the historical evolution of the public policies of the Child and Adolescent Statutes and the Youth Statute, of the recent understanding of the rights of children, adolescents and youth, was identified. The relevance of this study is effective, due to the concern about the perception of the individuals involved, from children, as adolescents and young people recognized by the Statutes as subjects of rights. The result shows that due to the various inequalities in Brazil and lack of educational perspective, adolescents in situations of economic fragility seek the job market that allows consumption, and through this social mechanism they forge an idea about this transition, assigning notions, meanings and roles different ways.Keywords: Child and Adolescent Statute; Youth Statute; Transition; Consumption.

scholarly journals Participación ciudadana en la elaboración de las políticas públicas de actividad física y deporte: el caso de Chile (Citizen participation in the elaboration of public policies for physical activity and sports: the case of Chile)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 482-489
Author(s):  
Franklin Castillo-Retamal ◽  
Carlos Matus-Castillo ◽  
Camilo Vargas-Contreras ◽  
Felipe Canan ◽  
Fernando Augusto Starepravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
National Physical Activity

El objetivo del trabajo es presentar los procesos de participación ciudadana que el Estado chileno ha implementado para elaborar la reciente política pública nacional de actividad física (AF) y deporte, considerando el desarrollo histórico de la institucionalidad deportiva del país. Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa descriptiva, utilizando como procedimientos la revisión bibliográfica y la técnica de análisis documental. El trabajo permite indicar que existe un avance en el tratamiento de las políticas públicas en deporte y recreación en Chile, toda vez que en la elaboración de las mismas han participado diferentes carteras ministeriales, organizaciones sociales y personas naturales. Se concluye que, a partir de la incorporación, apropiación y desarrollo del deporte moderno en Chile, se observan esfuerzos desde el aparato público por generar espacios de participación y monitoreo del deporte y sus manifestaciones, teniendo como corolario, la actual Política Nacional de Actividad Física y Deporte, vigente entre los años 2016-2025, inclusive.Abstract. The aim of this work is to show citizen participation processes that the Chilean State has implemented to elaborate the current national public policies for physical activity and sports, considering the historical development of the country's sports institutions. The qualitative descriptive methodology was used, performing literature review and documentary analysis technique as the procedures. The work indicates that there is an improvement in the elaboration of public policies in sports and recreation in Chile when different ministerial cabinets, social organizations, and natural persons participated in it. It is concluded that, from the incorporation, appropriation, and development of modern sport in Chile, efforts are observed from the public apparatus towards generating spaces for participation and monitoring of sports and its manifestations, keeping the current National Physical Activity and Sport Policy, in force between 2016-2025, as a corollary.

scholarly journals Neoliberal Unfoldings of Lulism

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-297
Author(s):  
Eduardo Altheman C. Santos ◽  
Bruna Della Torre de C. Lima ◽  
Vladimir Ferrari Puzone
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

The article analyzes some traits of the relationship between the public policies implemented during the Workers' Party’s administrations between 2003 and 2016, and the constitution of a neoliberal subjectivity among fractions of Brazilian working classes.  Such arrangement promoted the idea that social conflict revolves around the opposition between rich and poor, putting aside the individual's relations with class. Meanwhile, “Lulism” favored the development of individualism and entrepreneurship among Brazilian workers. To do so, we will refer to some researches regarding their situation, especially in the outskirts of large Brazilian cities. Besides, we will resort to some observations made by Michel Foucault, since they are helpful to explore those questions.

scholarly journals Meninas violando a lei: uma discussão das políticas e das medidas socioeducativas no Brasil (Girls violating the law: a discussion of socio-educational policies and measures in Brazil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-312
Author(s):  
Andrea Cristina Coelho Scisleski ◽  
Giovana Barbieri Galeano
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Young Population ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

Este artigo se origina de uma pesquisa que problematiza as políticas públicas direcionadas à juventude que comete atos infracionais, especialmente as adolescentes mulheres. Norteadas pelo pensamento de Michel Foucault, discutimos e analisamos o modo como o discurso sobre a população jovem em conflito com a lei é operacionalizado para legitimar intervenções no meio socioeducativo. Partimos da arqueogenealogia foucaultiana para pensar o presente nas relações de poder-saber, refletindo acerca dos discursos sobre os direitos das jovens que cumprem medidas socioeducativas, pois as políticas da socioeducação têm sido pensada, prioritariamente, para os jovens do sexo masculino, invisibilizando as condições específicas que implicam a entrada das adolescentes no sistema de justiça. A operacionalização das políticas públicas para a juventude em conflito com a lei, no presente, indica a execução de medidas que, subsidiadas por discursos produzidos na relação entre instituições de saúde e justiça, violam os direitos garantidos em lei. This article is the result of a research that problematizes the public policies directed to the youth that commits offensive conducts, especially the adolescent women. Guided by Michel Foucault's thought, we discuss and analyze how the discourse on the young population in conflict with the law is operationalized to legitimize interventions in the socio-educational environment. We started from the Foucauldian archaeogenealogy to think about the present in power-knowledge relations, reflecting on the discourses on the rights of young women who serve socio-educational measures, because the policies of socio-education have been designed for young men, invisibilizing the specific conditions that imply the entry of girls into the Brazilian justice system. The operationalization of public policies for youth in conflict with the law, in the present, indicates the implementation of measures that, subsidized by speeches produced in the relationship between health institutions and justice, violate the rights guaranteed by law. Este artículo se origina en una investigación que problematiza las políticas públicas dirigidas a jóvenes que cometen infracciones, especialmente a las adolescentes. Guiadas por el pensamiento de Michel Foucault, discutimos y analizamos cómo se operacionaliza el discurso sobre la población joven en conflicto con la ley para legitimar las intervenciones en el entorno socioeducativo. Partimos de la arqueogenealogía de Foucault para recapacitar sobre el presente en las relaciones de poder-conocimiento, reflexionando acerca de los discursos sobre los derechos de los y las jóvenes que cumplen con las medidas socioeducativas, ya que las políticas de educación social se han diseñado principalmente para hombres jóvenes, haciendo invisibles las condiciones que implican la entrada de los adolescentes a la justicia. La operacionalización de las políticas públicas para jóvenes en conflicto con la ley, en la actualidad, indica la implementación de medidas que, subsidiadas por discursos producidos en la relación entre instituciones de salud y justicia, violan los derechos garantizados por la ley.

Design as an Agent for Public Policy Innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico VAZ ◽  
Sharon PRENDEVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Policy Effectiveness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Context Dependent

Described as units developing public policies in a design-oriented manner, Policy Labs are tasked to innovate to gain in policy effectiveness and efficiency. However, as public policymaking is a context-dependent activity, the way in which these novel organisations operate significantly differs. This study discusses the emergence of design approaches for policy innovation. The purpose is to map how Policy Labs in Europe introduce design approaches at distinct stages of the policymaking cycle. For this study, 30 organisations in Europe operating at various levels of government were surveyed. Based on the public policymaking process model, it investigates which design methods are Policy Labs deploying to innovate public policies. The study exposed a gap in the awareness of the utilised methods' nature. It also showed that the use of design methods is of less importance than the introduction of design mindsets for public policy innovation, namely ‘user-centredness’, ‘co-creation’, and ‘exploration’.

Lecturas posibles sobre la construcción del actor económico

2017 ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Basic Ideas

En tres breves capítulos, el artículo pone a disposición las ideas básicas que cruzan la reflexión sobre las actividades económicas que las personas realizan en condiciones de pobreza, destacándose la preocupación sobre si estos desempeños pueden constituirse en alternativas de crecimiento económico a nivel local o si ellas son actores que inciden en las políticas públicas que organizan los supuestos del desarrollo.Palabras clave Actividades Económicas Autogestionadas / Autonomía / Capacitación / Desarrollo Endógeno.Abstract:In three brief chapters, the article displays the basic ideas that intersect the reflection on the economic activities that people perform in conditions of poverty, standing out the concern whether these performances can constitute in alternatives of economic growth at the local level or whether they are activities that affect the public policies which organize the theories of development.Key words Self-managed economic activities / Autonomy / Training / Endogenous Development

Public hearings as an institution of deliberative democracy in major Russian and American cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-83
Author(s):  
Andrey Fursov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Hearings ◽  
The Russian Federation

Currently, public hearings are one of the most widespread forms of deliberative municipal democracy in Russia. This high level of demand, combined with critique of legal regulations and the practices for bringing this system to reality – justified, in the meantime, by its development (for example, by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives and the Public Chambers of the Russian Federation) of proposals for the correction of corresponding elements of the legal code – make both the study of Russian experiences in this sphere and comparative studies of legal regulations and practical usage of public hearings in Russia and abroad extremely relevant. This article is an attempt to make a contribution to this field of scientific study. If the appearance of public hearings in Russia as an institution of Russian municipal law is connected with the passing of the Federal Law of 6 October 2003 No.131-FZ, “On the general organisational principles of local government in the Russian Federation,” then in the United States, this institution has existed since the beginning of the 20th century, with mass adoption beginning in the 1960s. In this time, the United States has accumulated significant practical experience in the use of public hearings and their legal formulation. Both countries are large federal states, with their own regional specifics and diversity, the presence of three levels of public authority and different principles of federalism, which cause differences in the legal regulation of municipal public hearings. For this reason, this article undertakes a comparative legal analysis of Russian and American experiences of legal regulation and practical use of public hearings, on the example of several major municipalities – the cities of Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh and New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago. A comparison of laws influencing the public hearing processes in these cities is advisable, given the colossal growth in the role of city centers in the industrial and post-industrial eras. Cities in particular are the primary centers for economic growth, the spread of innovations, progressive public policy and the living environment for the majority of both Russian and American citizens. The cities under research are one of the largest municipalities in the two countries by population, and on such a scale, the problem of involving residents in solving local issues is especially acute. In this context, improving traditional institutions of public participation is a timely challenge for the legislator, and the experiences of these cities are worth describing. The unique Russian context for legal regulations of public hearings involves the combination of overarching federal law and specific municipal decrees that regulate the hearing process. There are usually two municipal acts regulating public hearings on general issues of the city district (charter, budget, etc.) and separately on urban planning. In the United States, the primary regulation of public hearings is assigned to the state and municipality level, with a whole series of corresponding laws and statutes; meanwhile, methodological recommendations play a specific role in the organisation of hearings, which are issued by the state department of a given state. It is proposed that regulating the corresponding relationships at the federal subject level will permit a combination of the best practices of legal administration with local nuances, thereby reinforcing the guarantee of the realization of civil rights to self-government. There are other features in the process of organizing and conducting public hearings in the United States, which, as shown in the article, can be perceived by Russian lawmakers as well in order to create an updated construct of public discussions at the local level.

scholarly journals A Sociological Approach to Institutional Communication: The Public Image in Organizational Administration in Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Sandro Serpa
Keyword(s):  
Public Image ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Time Period ◽  
External Context ◽  
Institutional Communication ◽  
Organizational Administration

<p class="apa">Acknowledging that the external context visibly affects any organization, this investigation seeks to constitute a specific contribution to the study of the importance of public image in organizational administration. To that end, a collection and documentary analysis of news stories from the newspaper <em>O Fayalense</em> on the <em>Asylum for the Disadvantaged Children of Horta</em> [<em>Asilo de Infância Desvalida da Horta</em>], an institution located on Faial Island, Azores, Portugal, covering the time period of 1858 to 1895, is performed. In the presentation and discussion of the results, a comparison is made between two periods that involve a single president because they vary in the type of news stories published (at the level of sources and subjects). It is concluded that the news stories published cover three large types of references, which, given the period in question, vary substantially: factual information (on the celebrations occurring in the asylum, communications about donations received and appreciation of benefactors, or institutional information on the elections of the asylum directorate), praise (regarding the asylum’s mission, operation, or administration), and censures (including responses to external criticism, criticism of previous managements, and stories regarding the asylum’s precarious circumstances). The implication of the study is that the importance of a positive public image, especially a positive image that is supportive of the leadership, should not be overlooked for the organizational administration to have greater chances of success.</p>

scholarly journals GESTAO MUNICIPAL DA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA: responsabilidade dos municípios brasileiros no combate à violência

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Verônica Pinheiro Sales Lima ◽  
Janaildo Soares de Sousa ◽  
Adauto Morais de Araújo Sobrinho ◽  
Jennifer Cícera dos Santos Faustino ◽  
Francisco Casimiro Filho
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Present Level ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Violence Index

Os mecanismos de gestão da segurança pública são instrumentos administrativos que potencializam os resultados de políticas nessa área. É o caso dos Conselhos, Planos, Fundos e Secretarias Municipais de Segurança Pública, além das Guardas Municipais. O artigo tem como objetivo verificar se a adoção de tais mecanismos produz impacto nos indicadores de violência. Paratanto, foram construídos o Índice de Gestão Municipal da Segurança Pública e o Índice de Violência. A partir de análise de correlaçãoentre tais variáveis, aponta que o nível atual de adoção dos mecanismos de gestão avaliados é muito baixo em todas as unidades federativas do Brasil, e não consegue influenciar os níveis de violência. Conclui que, ao omitir-se de implementar mecanismos degestão da segurança pública, o poder municipal, como ente mais próximo da população, enfraquece uma estrutura administrativa quedeveria servir de base para as políticas públicas voltadas para a redução da violência no âmbito local.Palavras-chave: Poder municipal, gestão, políticas públicas, violência.MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT OF THE PUBLIC SAFETY: responsibility of the Brazilian municipalities for combating violenceAbstract: Mechanisms of the public security management are administrative tools that have improved the policies results in this area. This is the case of the Councils, Plans, Funds and Public Safety Secretariats, besides Municipal Guards. The paper aims to verify whether the adoption of such mechanisms has impacts on the violence indicators. Therefore, were built the Municipal Public Security Management Index and Violence Index. From the analysis of correlation between these variables was observed that the present level of adoption of management mechanisms is very low in all federative units of Brazil, and does not influence the levels of violence. Concludes that to omit to implement mechanisms of public safety management, the municipal power, as nearest entity of the population, weakens the administrative structure which should be the basis of all local public security policies.Key words: Municipal government, management, public policies, violence.

scholarly journals Discrepancy between the Theory and Practice of Crime Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-612
Author(s):  
Igor’ M. Matskevich
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Prevention System ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Prevention Of Crime ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: the article considers the concept of prevention in several aspects (social prevention, criminological prevention, situational prevention, evolutionary prevention). We describe the subjects implementing the prevention of offenses and consider the issue of public participation in this process in historical and modern periods. We focus our attention on the prevention of new crimes in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service, emphasize its importance during the period of serving a sentence (educational techniques and methods) and after release (interaction of probation inspectorates with law enforcement agencies for the re-socialization of released convicts). We outline possible risks and difficulties of organizing crime prevention together with public organizations: determining preferences for activists; politicization of preventive work (obtaining additional electoral points); selection of activists (preventing the involvement of representatives of the criminal environment). In the context of considering ways to improve prevention, much attention is paid to the prevention of crime through technological innovations: control over people’s movement using a mobile phone; analysis of web browsing history; computer programs for crime prevention; compilation and maintenance of federal database programs; chipping, etc. The study is based on the accumulated experience of implementing preventive work, which is described in the sections “Prevention yesterday” and “Prevention today”. The article analyzes examples of crime prevention in Thailand, the U.S. etc., and reflects the results of implementation of the “Safe City” program in Moscow. The methodological basis of this study is represented by the axiological approach. Research problems were addressed with the use of general philosophical principles of dialectics and special methods of cognition: systematic, formal-legal, sociological, etc. Results: the public remains the most important element of the prevention system. It is necessary to develop and legally consolidate the relevant activities, for example, as it is done in Article 11 of the Federal Law “On the fundamentals of the system for prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency”. Legal education should be the main weapon in the hands of the subjects of prevention. Elimination of crime should become the main direction of prevention.

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