scholarly journals Using the roller threshing device for threshing fiber flax

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Burlakov
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Laboratory Sample ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Stationary Conditions ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Device Operation

The ways of increasing efficiency of the factory technology for harvesting fiber flax with threshing stem band from the rolls were studied. The experiment was carried out in stationary conditions with a moisture content of the source material of no more than 16%. A roller threshing device was proposed for separating the seed part of the crop from the stem before feeding stems into the fiber production line. The device ensures threshing of the fiber flax stem band over its entire width without using a separate clamping conveyor. The places where the seed heap descends from the roller threshing device while threshing flax stem band were identified. Quality indicators of the roller threshing device operation were obtained ensuring 100% threshing of the fiber flax band with a band compression force between the rollers of 16 kN. With this method of threshing, damage and crushing of seeds were not noted, the stems were evenly flattened along their entire length. Fractional composition of the threshed heap was determined during threshing of a fiber flax stem band between the rolls of the laboratory sample of a three-roll threshing device: loose seeds (50%), shells of capsules with fruitstalks (47), capsules with seeds (3), heap of leaves and stems (less than 1%). The results of the study in stationary conditions showed the expediency of using roller working bodies to separate the seed part of the crop from the stem part for the technical support of the factory technology for harvesting fiber flax. The use of roller working bodies in the design of threshing devices without a separate clamping conveyor allows to increase the quality and quantity of flax products obtained both in seeds and in fiber due to the improvement of the process of gentle flattening of the stem band between the rollers along its entire width. The concept of this roller threshing device is advisable to use when designing trailers and travelling flax harvesting machines for the implementation of a separate technology for harvesting fiber flax.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Grains Sorghum Subjected to Compression at Different Moisture Contents

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Gabrielly B. Rodrigues ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Daniel E. C. de Oliveira ◽  
Lígia C. de M. Silva ◽  
Weder N. Ferreira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Rest Position ◽  
Different Temperatures

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of drying at different temperatures on the mechanical properties of grains of grain sorghum subjected to compression at the natural rest position. Grains dried at temperatures of 60, 80 and 100 °C with different moisture contents (0.515; 0.408; 0.315; 0.234; 0.162 and 0.099 (d.b.)) were subjected to uniaxial compression between two parallel plates, applied at their natural rest position, at a rate of 0.001 m s-1. The force required to rupture in grains of grain sorghum increased as their moisture contents decreased, with values of 47.17 to 78.44 N, 61.81 to 69.66 N and 52.07 to 70.89 N for the temperatures of 60, 80 and 100 °C, respectively. The compression force required to deform grain sorghum decreased with the increment in moisture content, and the proportional deformation modulus increases with moisture content reduction. Within the studied range of moisture content, the values were 87 × 10-7 to 354.99 × 10-7 Pa, 132.63 × 10-7 to 465.98 × 10-7 Pa and 80.18 × 10-7 to 429.85 × 10-7 Pa for the temperatures of 60, 80 and 100 °C, respectively.

scholarly journals Worldwide gene pool of fiber flax at VIR, and breeding of rust-resistant varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
S. N. Kutuzova ◽  
E. A. Porokhovinova ◽  
N. B. Brutch ◽  
A. V. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Flax Cultivar ◽  
Almost All

Background. There are strict requirements for a modern flax cultivar. It must have a whole set of valuable characters, including rust resistance.Materials and methods. The flax collection of 2485 accessions held by VIR was evaluated using artificial provocative infection.Results. Almost all domestic and foreign accessions and varieties collected before 1957 were highly or extremely susceptible to rust. Five Russian kryazhs1 and cv. ‘GDS-3’ developed at VIR were found to retain rust resistance up to the present moment. Lines derived from them and from three foreign varieties, with an identified number of the original effective R genes, were submitted to breeders. Nineteen donors with a set of economically useful traits, analogous to cvs. ‘Orshansky 2’ and ‘Prizyv 81’ and carrying the same genes, were produced and distributed to breeders. The VIR collection holds 10 donors of rust resistance with high fiber content developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax. Some donors of resistance to other diseases released by the same Institute also possess high rust resistance, thus forming a rich stock of source material. The first cultivar relatively resistant to rust (‘L-1120’) was released in 1951. Possessing polygenic resistance, it was also resistant to Fusarium wilt and lodging, so it was widely used for breeding other cultivars with similar characteristics. As their cultivation expanded, the harvest losses caused by rust dropped. The first rust-resistant cultivar with oligogenic resistance (‘Tomsky 16’) appeared in 1990. By now, many cultivars protected by R genes of rust resistance have been developed. They combine this trait with resistance to Fusarium and lodging, high yield, and high fiber content. Flax rust incidence is not a problem anymore.Conclusion. Plant breeders have at their disposal a rich stock of source material preserved in the VIR collection to produce resistant flax cultivars. The use of rust resistance donors in hybridization cannot disrupt the most important properties of a cultivar.

Investigation of the Properties of Large and Small Fractions of Municipal Solid Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
S.V. Polygalov ◽  
G.V. Il’inykh ◽  
N. Stanisavlevich
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Solid Municipal Waste ◽  
Biogenic Components

The results of field and laboratory studies of the component and fractional composition of solid municipal waste (MSW), humidity and ash content of MSW components, which made it possible to evaluate the properties of individual fractions and waste in general, are presented. The fractional composition of MSW was determined by the method of separating waste into five fractions of different sizes: more than 250 mm, 100-250 mm, 50–100 mm, 15–50 mm and less than 15 mm. An assessment of the energy and biological potentials of MSW of various sizes has been carried out. In each fraction, the main biogenic components have been identified, which form the biological potential. The calculation of thermal properties (moisture content, ash, combustible substances, as well as the heat of combustion) for the fractions under consideration has been performed. The dependence of the heat of combustion of MSW on the particle size has been established.

scholarly journals Influence of sweet corn harvest date on kernels quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Szymanek
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Puncture Force ◽  
Harvest Maturity

Sweet corn has a very short period of optimum harvest maturity, and its quality changes rapidly close to and following the peak. The aim of this study was to determine the sweet corn quality on the ground of some physicochemical properties of intact kernels (moisture content, compression, shear and puncture force, bulk density, sugar and starch contents) and cut kernels (processing recovery, cut corn yield) at four subsequent harvest dates. The moisture content, sugars level, and ear yield decreased. The starch level, bulk density (intact and cut kernels), compression force, shear force and puncture force, processing recovery and cut corn yield increased. The first harvest date showed a greater advantage in the higher sweet corn quality for processing than the following harvest date. The moisture decreased from 77.41% to 69.83% with delayed harvest date. A decline was observed of sweet corn quality (increase of force in compression, shear and puncture tests, raise in the starch level). However, the following harvest date had an advantage in a higher processing recovery and cut corn yield.

Wearing ability of soils and its effect on the durability of the working bodies of tillage machines

10.12737/1774 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Поздняков ◽  
Evgeniy Pozdnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Main Factor

Wearing the soil´s capacity is the main factor affecting the durability of parts and compo-nents of tillage machines and the life of the machinery and tools in general. The article shows the influence of the different soil types on the degree of wear of the working bodies and it was found that the wear rate depends on the texture, moisture content, density and uniformity of the soil, the speed and shape of working bodies, the properties of the materials of which they are made. An analysis of the nature of plowshares wear, ripping tines, disc of harrows, seeders openers and knives of cutters was done.

scholarly journals ВИВЧЕННЯ ВИХІДНОГО МАТЕРІАЛУ ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКЦІЇ КУКУРУДЗИ ХАРЧОВОГО Й ТЕХНІЧНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ НА УСТИМІВСЬКІЙ ДОСЛІДНІЙ СТАНЦІЇ РОСЛИННИЦТВА

2014 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Ю. В. Харченко ◽  
Л. Я. Харченко ◽  
С. М. Тимчук ◽  
В. В. Поздняков ◽  
О. Г. Супрун
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Wide Variability

Встановлено широку мінливість ліній – носіїв різнихендоспермових мутацій – за зерновою продуктивністю,вмістом і фракційним складом крохмалю, а такожвмістом та жирнокислотним складом олії. Показа-но, що поліпшення кукурудзи за цими показникамипотребує використання широкого генетичного різ-номаніття культури і створення якісного вихідногоматеріалу. Визначено ефекти комбінаційної здатно-сті ліній – носіїв мутацій wx, su2, ae, su1 та sh2 – зацими ознаками. Виділено перспективний вихіднийматеріал для селекції кукурудзи харчового й техніч-ного призначення. The wide variability of the maize inbreeds – carriers of different endospermic mutations for the grain productivity, content and fractional composition of starch as well as the content of oil and oleic acid glycosides were established. It is shown that the improvement of maize for these indicators requires the use of a wide genetic diversity of crops and quality of the source material. It have been determined the effects of combining ability of the inbreeds – carriers of mutations wx, su2,ae, su1 and sh2 for these traits. The perspective initial material for the maize breeding of food and technical application was identified.

scholarly journals Дослідження безприводного ротаційного органу адаптера до сівалки просапних культур

2018 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Є. Я. Прасолов ◽  
С. А. Бєловол ◽  
Б. С. Черненко ◽  
А. В. Ужищенко ◽  
А. В. Шеметюк
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
Field Profile ◽  
Transverse Beam ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Soil Hardness ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Rotary Device

Представлено результати розробки безприводного ротаційного органу адаптера до сівалки просапних культур. Проведено аналіз робочих органів ґрунтообробних машин; обґрунтовано ґрунтообробний адаптер; визначено кути афронтальності й нахилу дискового  органу; проведено порівняльну оцінку показників твердості ґрунту; визначено раціональні параметри і режими роботи робочого органу; визначено фракційний склад ґрунту та розпушення робочим органом; проведено  дослідження з визначення раціонального кута φ робочого органу; встановлено поздовжній профіль насіннєвого ложа; виконано співвідношення ширини і глибини обробленої смуги; визначено коефіцієнти к1 і к2  у формулі тягового опору безприводного ротаційного органу. Для  підвищення якості передпосівного обробітку ґрунту запропоновано адаптер із безприводним ротаційним органом до сівалок, який складається з поперечної балки рами, на якій розташовані секції безприводного ротаційного органу. Для копіювання профілю поля кожна секція забезпечена паралелограмною підвіскою і підпружиненою штангою. Крім поперечної балки  рама адаптера складається з двох автозчіпок, які слугують для агрегатування з трактором, а автозчеплення з сівалкою, пов'язаних між собою поздовжніми балками.  Проведено випробування результатів науково-дослідної роботи, яким підтверджено ефективність та доцільність для використання у господарстві ПП Агрофірма «Анастасія» Глобинського району Полтавської області. The article presents the results of the development of a non-rotating rotational organ of the soil-working adapter to a seed drill of cultivating crops. The analysis of working bodies of soil-working machines was carried out; the constructive-technological scheme of the soil-working adapter is substantiated; defined angles of inclination and inclination of the disc body; comparative estimation of soil hardness indexes; defined rational parameters and operating modes of the working body; determined fractional composition of soil and loosening by the working body;  researches have been conducted to determine the rational angle φ of the working organ; the longitudinal profile of the seed bed is established; the ratio of the width and depth of the treated strip is executed; the coefficients k1 and k2 in the formula of the traction resistance of the non-driven rotational body are determined. To improve the quality of pre-sowing soil cultivation, an adapter with a rotary rotary device to the seeders is proposed. It consists of a transverse beam of a frame, on which, with the help of brackets, there are sections of a non-rotating rotary body. To improve the quality of pre-sowing soil cultivation, an adapter with a rotary device to the seeders is offered. It consists of a transverse beam of a frame, on which, with the help of brackets, there are sections of a non-rotating rotary body. To copy the field profile, each section is provided with a parallelogram suspension and a spring-loaded rod. In addition to the transverse beam of the adapter frame consists of two auto-scraps, which serve for aggregating with the tractor, and auto-coupling with a drill, connected by a longitudinal beam. The testing of research results has been carried out, which confirms the efficiency and expediency for use in the farm of the PP agricultural firm «Anastasia» in Globyno district, Poltava region.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF THE METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATMENT AND SOWING OF SUGAR BEETS AND THE APPLICATION OF THE RESULTS IN PREPARATION TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Kurilo ◽  
Viktor Pryshlyak
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Approximate Model ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Scientific Practical ◽  
The Cost

The article describes advanced technological processes of pre-sowing of soil and sowing of sugar beet, which positively influences innovative development of beet-growing and scientific-practical project preparation of future specialists in agro-engineering in higher education institutions. In order to increase the field germination of seeds and to ensure the uniform placement of plants in rows, as well as to reduce the cost of growing sugar beets for pre-sowing soil and sowing, a new method is proposed and a device for pre-sowing tillage in the row area is developed. This method ensures that the topsoil is loosened and compacted while sowing the seed only in the row area without loosening it in the row spacing with successively positioned rotating working bodies, planar paws and rolls. According to the results of the researches, an approximate model of the optimal composition of the top soil layer in the aisles and in the row area by its fractional composition and density was developed, the parameters of the working bodies for the pre-sowing tillage were grounded. Initial data were also obtained and initial agrotechnical requirements for the unit for pre-sowing soil and sowing beet seeds were developed. Application of technological process with optimally grounded parameters of strip pre-sowing tillage in the area of rows and sowing of seeds in one pass of the unit and technical means for its execution gives the opportunity to qualitatively prepare the soil with formation of the most favorable fractional composition for seed germination. This increases the field germination of seeds and the uniform distribution of plants in rows, reducing the cost of fuel and direct operating costs of growing sugar beets. The results of the research can be used to improve and optimize zonal technologies and facilities for growing sugar beets, as well as in the educational process and scientific activities of students.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON SOME ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ARECANUT (ARECA CATECHU L.) FRUIT WHICH ARE RELEVANT TO THE DESIGN OF PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Ramayanty Bulan ◽  
Devianti ◽  
Ega Septi Ayu ◽  
Agustami Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Static Coefficient

The physical and mechanical properties of fresh arecanut fruit have not been comprehensively and thoroughly investigated scientifically yet. This made the researchers and engineers not to be precise in designing the fresh arecanut handling machine. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate some engineering properties of arecanut fruit in three moisture viz. 67.66%, w.b. (underripe stages), 64.86%, w.b. (ripe stages), and 33.90%, w.b. (overripe stages). In general, the results of the study show that the geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, bulk and true density, porosity, angle of repose, compression force and static coefficient of friction at different surfaces (stainless steel, plywood, and glass) of arecanut fruit were found to increase 2.16%, 2.70%, 4.26%, 0.02%, 42.16%, 42.41%, 9.97%, 17.04%, 20.30%, and 22.04% respectively at decrease of moisture content from 67.66%, w.b. to 33.90%, w.b. However, sphericity, aspect ratio, thousand fruit mass, and bulk density of the arecanut fruit were found to decrease 2.31%, 3.31%, 34.54%, and, 50.24%, respectively at a decrease of moisture content from 67.66% (w.b.) to 33.90% (w.b.). Some engineering properties of arecanut fruit indicate something slightly different from the arecanut kernels so that this data can help the researcher or engineer to design the fresh arecanut fruit handling machine more precisely.

scholarly journals The influence of direct sowing methods on the growth and productivity of spring barley in the conditions of the north-eastern part of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Syromyatnikov
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Soil Hardness ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Direct Sowing

The article presents the results of studies to determine the efficiency of growing spring barley depending on the methods of direct sowing in technology, which is based on the use of combined machines. It is proved that due to the use of a direct sowing seeder, the sections of which consist of modules for local loosening of the soil, in front of the openers of which wavy discs are installed, the grain yield increases on average by 20 % compared to the control. Moving at high speed, the wavy discs loosen relatively narrow soil strips into which the seeds are laid by the openers, this makes it possible to more efficiently retain moisture, which subsequently significantly affects the dynamics of seedlings and the yield level of spring barley grain. The smallest weed infestation of crops was in the case of sowing with a seeder with combined cutting-type working bodies and disc coulter systems with support-press wheels. Weeds were counted after the emergence of barley seedlings. The greatest soil hardness was observed when using a seeder with disc working bodies, the sections of which consist of modules for local loosening of the soil. Statistical processing of the data indicates that depth has the greatest effect on soil hardness, its influence accounted for 96 %. The force of impact on soil hardness of sowing methods was 0.76 %. The density of the soil in the zone of development of the root system of plants in all variants of the experiment did not go beyond the optimum. Before harvesting, the moisture content of the upper soil layers in variants with direct sowing was 3–5 % higher, and the moisture content of the lower layers was less by 1–2 % than in the control (the reliability of the data was determined using Fisher's criterion and was 95 %, and the difference between experimental options was significant). Key words: yield of barley, sowing, method, technologies, seeders, quality, local loosening.

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