scholarly journals Adaptation of wheat varieties to hyperthermia, chloride salinity and Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem. infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
T. A. Gurova ◽  
E. A. Svezhintseva ◽  
N. A. Chesnochenko
Keyword(s):  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chloride Salinity

scholarly journals The indicator of cell membrane permeability of wheat seedlings in assessing stress resistance of wheat varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
T. A. Gurova ◽  
E. A. Svezhintseva ◽  
N. E. Chesnochenko
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
Chloride Salinity

The paper presents the results of studies on the use of the permeability index of cell membranes, determined by the relative change in the specific electrical conductivity (EC) of water extracts of tissues of spring wheat seedlings, varieties Novosibirskaya 18, Novosibirskaya 44, Sibirskaya 21 and Omskaya 18, under the combined action of stressors. In model laboratory vegetation experiments, the hourly dynamics of the EC of water extracts of seedling leaves (exposure of leaves to water for 0.5-4.5 h) was investigated under the simultaneous action of chloride salinity (1.3%) and the causative agent of common rot of cereals Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem. (5000 conidia per grain). It was established that EC increased by 1.5 times and the rate of electrolyte leakage increased twofold in the less resistant variety Novosibirskaya 44 compared to the more resistant Omskaya 18. The daily dynamics of the EC of 10-16-day-old seedlings was studied under the sequential action of seed hyperthermia (43 °C), chloride salinity (1.3%), and Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem. (5000 conidia per grain). The protective effect of hyperthermia was established in the more resistant variety Sibirskaya 21 (a decrease in EC up to 1.3 times) in comparison with the variant without heating the seeds. In the less resistant variety Novosibirskaya 18, heating the seeds destabilized the state of the cell membranes (increase in EC and electrolyte leakage rate by 1.5 and 1.2 times respectively). The conditions that ensure the identification of the maximum differences in the studied wheat varieties were experimentally determined: the age of seedlings 10 days, the time interval of exposure of the samples to water 1.5-4.5 h. Intervarietal differences in the relative change in the EC values in the variant without heating the seeds were 1.9 times and in the variant with heating the seeds - 3.7 times, with the significance of difference at the levels p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01. Intervarietal differences in the relative change in the EC, established for the time interval exposition of electrolytes leakage of 1.5-4.5 h, were 1.50-1.67 times with the significance of difference at the level of p ≤ 0.05. The proposed approach will make it possible to develop a methodology for assessing new genotypes for resistance to the combined action of biotic and abiotic stressors.

Characterization of elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for spot blotch Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Deep Shikha ◽  
Chandani Latwal ◽  
Elangbam Premabati Devi ◽  
Anupama Singh ◽  
Pawan K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Abstract Genetic resources are of paramount importance for developing improved crop varieties, particularly for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Spot blotch (SB) is a destructive foliar disease of wheat prevalent in warm and humid regions of the world, especially in the eastern parts of South Asia. For the management of this disease, the most effective measure is the development of resistant cultivars. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to confirm SB resistance in 200 germplasm accessions based on phenotypic observations and molecular characterization. These elite breeding lines obtained from the International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement, Mexico, are developed deploying multiple parentages. These lines were screened for SB resistance in the field under artificially created epiphytotic conditions during 2014–15 and 2015–16 along with two susceptible checks (CIANO T79 and Sonalika) and two resistant checks (Chirya 3 and Francolin). Eighty-two out of 200 germplasm accessions were found resistant to SB and resistance in these lines was confirmed with a specific SSR marker Xgwm148. Three accessions, VORONA/CNO79, KAUZ*3//DOVE/BUC and JUP/BJY//URES/3/HD2206/HORK//BUC/BUL were observed possessing better resistance than the well-known SB-resistant genotype Chirya3. These newly identified resistant lines could be used by wheat breeders for developing SB-resistant wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Effect of medicinal plant extracts on seed germination and seed associated mycoflora of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
MF Mahal ◽  
MS Akter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

The experiment was carried to evaluate the efficacy of five different plant extracts i.e. Adhatida vasica, Tagetes patula, Vinca rosea, Lowsonia alba and Andrographis paniculuta on seed germination, vigor index and seed borne and seed associated mycoflora of wheat varieties viz. Sourav and Prodip in in vitro condition. Seed health test of the collected wheat seed revealed that the seed was associated with six different fungi viz. Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium sp., Aspergillus spp., Trichoderma viride, Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. Wheat seeds were treated by dipping separately into different plant extracts of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 dilutions. Among the plant extracts, Lowsonia alba leaf extract was observed most effective followed by A. vasica, T. patula, V. rosea and A. paniculuta in reducing seed borne and seed associated mycoflora and also increased the germination rate and vigor index. J. bio-sci. 27: 23-30, 2019

The impact of nitrogen on seed infection and pathogens of spring wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
В.В. Келер ◽  
С.В. Хижняк ◽  
С.В. Овсянкина ◽  
Д.М. Шеклеин ◽  
Э.Д. Машковская
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Impact

Цель работы — изучить влияние азотных удобрений на распространённость и таксономический состав вызываемой грибами инфекции семян яровой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.). Исследования проводились в 2019–2020 годах. Семь сортов пшеницы (Алтайская 70, Алтайская 75, Курагинская 2, Новосибирская 15, Новосибирская 29, Новосибирская 31, Новосибирская 41) были выращены с использованием зерновых в качестве предшественника, в Минусинском районе Красноярского края, с азотными удобрениями и без удобрений, после чего семена урожая были изучены на наличие фитопатогенных грибов. Патогенный комплекс в семенах был представлен видами Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana и Alternaria spp. (соответственно 45,1, 34,3 и 20,6% от общего количества грибных изолятов). Средняя по сортам и вариантам распространённость семенной инфекции составила 41,2%. Удобрение статистически значимо (p<0,001) снизило среднюю распространённость инфекции семян с 50,0% (без удобрения) до 32,4% (с удобрением). Эффект удобрения сильно зависел от сорта. Максимальное снижение распространённости инфекции (63 п.п.) наблюдалось у сорта Новосибирская 29, в то время как у сортов Курагинская 2, Новосибирская 15, Новосибирская 31, Новосибирская 41 снижение составило 11, 33, 18 и 20 п.п. соответственно. Сорт Алтайская 70 не показал статистически значимых различий по распространённости между вариантами с удобрением и без удобрения (соответственно 49 и 43%). У сорта Алтайская 75 удобрение статистически значимо (p<0,05) увеличило распространённость заражения семян на 16 п.п. Удобрение не повлияло на средний состав патогенного комплекса, но статистически значимо изменило таксономический состав патогенного комплекса у отдельных сортов. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on composition and virulence of pathogenic fungi affecting spring wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment took place in Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2019–2020. Seven wheat varieties were used (“Altayskaya 70”, “Altayskaya 75”, “Kuraginskaya 2”, “Novosibirskaya 15”, “Novosibirskaya 29”, “Novosibirskaya 31”, “Novosibirskaya 41”) planted after gramineous. Such pathogens as Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria spp. were found in plant seeds (45.1, 34.3 and 20.6%, respectively). Average infection rate amounted to 41.2%. Fertilizers significantly reduced seed contamination from 50.0% to 32.4% (p<0.001). Fertilizers’ impact significantly depended on genotype. The highest reduction in the infection rate (63 p. p. — percentage points) occurred for “Novosibirskaya 29” while “Kuraginskaya 2”, “Novosibirskaya 15”, “Novosibirskaya 31”, “Novosibirskaya 41” showed only 11, 33, 18 and 20 p. p. of decrease, respectively. “Altayskaya 70” showed no statistically significant response after fertilization (49 versus 43% under or without fertilization, respectively). Fertilizers significantly increased “Altayskaya 75” contamination with fungi by 16 p. p. (p<0.05). Fertilization had no effect on pathogen composition in general except for several varieties.

scholarly journals CONSORTS MONITORING IN ECOSYSTEM: PLANT – PHYTOPATHOGENS – SOIL SAPROTROPHES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Toropova ◽  
◽  
I.G. Vorobyova ◽  
R.I. Trunov ◽  
V.V. Piskarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Repressive Effect ◽  
West European

Monitoring studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods in the northern forest-steppe of West Siberia in 2019–2020, using the varieties collection of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS. Studies have shown that the genotypes of spring wheat varieties had a significant impact on the functioning of the “plant-phytopathogensaprotrophs” system. The parasitic activity of phytopathogens (Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. Shoem., Fusarium spp. Link.) differed in the varietal groups to 43.6 %. Varieties of Asian origin (China, India, Kazakhstan, Syria) were most affected by the root infections, Australian varieties were least affected by phytopathogens, due to the chemical composition of root exudates, which suppressed the number of parasitic and saprotrophic microorganisms. Varietal secretions of the wheat plants roots regulated the number of saprotrophic rhizospheric microorganisms. The share of the influence of the “variety” factor on the number of saprotrophic soil microorganisms was 24.3 % and was reliable at a 1 % level. The most sensitive to the composition and number of root exudates of wheat plants turned out to be bacteria of various trophic groups, the most resistant were micromycetes. In comparison with the background indices of non-rhizospheric soil, the number of cellulosolytic bacteria increased up to 3 times (West European varieties), bacteria consuming organic nitrogen – up to 5.6 times (Asian varieties), consumers of organic nitrogen forms – up to 2.9 times (West European varieties), oligonitrophilic bacteria – up to 12.7 times (Siberian varieties). Varieties far from the region of the study (Australia, Africa, America) exerted a repressive effect on the trophic groups of microorganisms, reducing their number in comparison with indicators of non-rhizospheric soil.

scholarly journals Molecular basis of resistance in wheat varieties against spot blotch disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udai Prakash Singh ◽  
Ramji Singh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Genotype A ◽  
Susceptible Response

During present investigation, among the six wheat genotypes tested against six isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana, the genotype BOW‘S’ showed resistance response against three isolates, namely, BS-D-1, BS-DWRK-2 and BS-K-4, whereas moderately resistance response against remaining 3 isolates i.e. BS-F-3, BS-P-5 and BS-V-6.The genotype A-9-30-1 showed almost highly susceptible response against each isolate except BS-D-1 which exhibited susceptible reaction on this genotype. Thus, it is clear that genotype BOW ‘S’ has broad genetic base for resistance, whereas genotype A-9-30-1 has no gene for resistance against these six isolates tested. Remaining five genotypes showed varying response, ranging from highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant against various isolates of B. sorokiniana tested.

Assessment of losses by foliar blight of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)with reference to tillage option management in plain region of Uttar Pradesh, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Yashwant ◽  
L. P. Awasthi ◽  
Shiv Pratap Singh ◽  
Samir Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Cent Disease

Foliar blight of wheat caused by <italic>Bipolaris sorokiniana, Alternaria triticina, Pyrenophora tritici-repintis</italic> and <italic>Curvularia lunata</italic> are gaining importance especially in North Western and North Eastern plain Zones (NWPZ and NEPZ) of India. The experiment was conducted at main experimental farm N.D.U.A. &.T. Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) by taking two wheat varieties i.e. NW1014 and HUW 234 and three tillage systems i.e. zero tillage, FIRBS (Furrow Irrigated Ridged Bed System) and Conventional tillage. Zero till resulted in higher mean per cent disease index (PDI) with variety HUM-234 in the first and second year, respectively, of 72.50 and 69.44 per cent. Under conventional tillage, however, highest yield and yield contributory characters recorded with combination variety NW-1014 during both the years. Conventional tillage with 41.30 and 42.50 q/ha had non-significantly higher yields in first and second year over zero tillage (38.75 and 40.60 q/ha).

scholarly journals Varietal Screening of Wheat against Blast Disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Akter Bhuiyan ◽  
A. H. M. Mahfuzul Haque ◽  
Md. Monirul Islam ◽  
Gazi Tamiz Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Status ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different wheat varieties against blast disease and to observe the status of seed health of collected wheat varieties. The study was carried out under experimental field and laboratory condition at the Plant Pathology and Seed Science Department, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet during October to March (2016-2017). The seeds collected from the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore including ten different varieties, viz., BARI Gom19, BARI Gom22, BARI Gom23, BARI Gom24, BARI Gom25, BARI Gom26, BARI Gom27, BARI Gom28, BARI Gom29, BARI Gom30 were used in both laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, different fungal pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., Rhizophus sp., Curvularia sp. and Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum were detected using a standard blotter method. In the field, it was found that BARI Gom28 was moderately resistant against blast. It had the lowest disease incidence (21.66%), lowest severity (30%) and also highest result in term of grain yield (5.5 t ha-1). The highest blast disease incidence (66.67%), highest severities (78.33%) and lowest grain yield (1.6 t ha-1) were found in BARI Gom26.

scholarly journals Health and Quality of Wheat Seed Samples Collected from Sadar Upazilla of Thakurgaon District and Control of Seed-Borne Fungi

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
M. A. Jabbar ◽  
N. Muhammad ◽  
M. M. Rahaman ◽  
M. G. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Wheat seed samples were collected from ten unions of sadar upazilla of Thakurgaon district in wheat growing season of 2011. Seeds were tested by blotter method at Seed Pathology Center (SPC), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the months April to November 2011 for recording and identifying the seed-borne fungi associated with wheat seeds. The health status of 20 seed samples were determined whereas five genera fungi were identified from a total of six fungus. The fungi were Bipolaris sorokiniana, Alternaria tenuis, Fusarium spp, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Prevalence of the total as well as the individual seed-borne fungal infections that were recorded varied significantly with respect to wheat varieties and sources of seed collection. Seed samples collected from Jagonathpur and Gorea unions of sadar upazilla showed highest percentage of seed-borne infection compared to the samples collection from other unions for both varieties. The seed-borne fungal infection in Hazar-8 and Satabdi collected from other unions showed lowest percentage of seed-borne fungal infection than that of Jagonathpur and Gorea unions. Seed germination also varied significantly depending on the varieties and the seed sources and a positive correlation between seed germination and seed-borne fungal infections were observed. Three seed treating agents viz., neem leaf extract 1:2, hot water and Provax were evaluated for controlling seed-borne fungi associated with wheat seeds. Among the seed treating agents, Provax was found superior to reduce the seed-borne infection of wheat. The results also showed that neem leaf extract at 1:2 dilutions was observed to be the most effective in reducing seed-borne fungi with highest percentage of germination followed by hot water treatment.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESISTANCE PARAMETERS TO CHLORIDE SALINATION IN DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neonila V Kononenko ◽  
Tat’yana A Dilovarova ◽  
Roman V Kanavsky ◽  
Svyatoslav V Lebedev ◽  
Ekaterina N Baranova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Biochemical Resistance ◽  
Chloride Salinity

Determining salt tolerance potential in wheat is one of the most important problems in breeding practice for areas with primary and secondary salinity. Presence of large areas of saline soils results in inhibition of growth, development and stability in obtaining high yields of agricultural plants. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive studying and improving of diagnostic methods during early growth stages. Different genotypes of wheat Triticum aestivum Host. and Triticum durum Desf. were used to identify salt tolerance markers. Both morphometric and some biochemical indicators of wheat varieties were used as salt tolerance markers. At this stage, it was shown that a comprehensive description of wheat varieties is needed to assess resistance of wheat varieties to chloride salinity.

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