scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM APPLICATIONS ON DROUGHT STRESS IN SUGAR BEET: PART II. PLANT NUTRITION CONTENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-216
Author(s):  
Gizem AKSU ◽  
Hamit ALTAY
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Potassium Application

This is the second in a series of papers describing the effects of potassium applications on drought stress in sugar beet. Drought is a natural phenomenon that can affect water resources and agriculture. In this research, the effect of potassium applications under drought stress on some plant nutrition of sugar beet, which is a strategic plant, was investigated. In the experiment, irrigation levels were kept at 33%, 66% and 100% of field capacity. Different doses (10-20-40-80 mg kg-1) of potassium were applied to the plants. The plants were grown in the growth chamber under controlled conditions (day/night 16/8 hours, 25/15 0C, 60-70% humidity). According to the results, the effect of irrigation x potassium interaction on the shoot and root sodium (Na) potassium (K) calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content Na/K and Na/K ratio was found to be statistically significant. Shoot and root sodium content decreased with potassium applications under drought conditions (33%). Shoot and root potassium, phosphorus content increased with potassium applications in both drought and sufficient water conditions. Shoot calcium content change irregular with potassium application while root calcium decreased with potassium application under drought conditions (33%). Shoot and root sodium/potassium ratio decreased with potassium applications in both drought and sufficient water conditions. Shoot and root sodium/calcium ratio change irregular with potassium applications. Therefore, it can be said that potassium may play a critical role in reducing the negative effect of drought stress and uptake plant nutrition in sugar beet.

scholarly journals Effects of salicylic acid, zinc and glycine betaine on morpho-physiological growth and yield of maize under drought stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadan Shemi ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
El-Sayed M. S. Gheith ◽  
Hafiz Athar Hussain ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Water Conditions

AbstractDrought is one of the major environmental stresses that negatively affect the maize (Zea mays L.) growth and production throughout the world. Foliar applications of plant growth regulators, micronutrients or osmoprotectants for stimulating drought-tolerance in plants have been intensively reported. A controlled pot experiment was conducted to study the relative efficacy of salicylic acid (SA), zinc (Zn), and glycine betaine (GB) foliar applications on morphology, chlorophyll contents, relative water content (RWC), gas-exchange attributes, activities of antioxidant enzymes, accumulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osmolytes, and yield attributes of maize plants exposed to two soil water conditions (85% field capacity: well-watered, 50% field capacity: drought stress) during critical growth stages. Drought stress significantly reduced the morphological parameters, yield and its components, RWC, chlorophyll contents, and gas-exchange parameters except for intercellular CO2 concentration, compared with well water conditions. However, the foliar applications considerably enhanced all the above parameters under drought. Drought stress significantly (p < 0.05) increased the hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion contents, and enhanced the lipid peroxidation rate measured in terms of malonaldehyde (MDA) content. However, ROS and MDA contents were substantially decreased by foliar applications under drought stress. Antioxidant enzymes activity, proline content, and the soluble sugar were increased by foliar treatments under both well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. Overall, the application of GB was the most effective among all compounds to enhance the drought tolerance in maize through reduced levels of ROS, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and higher accumulation of osmolytes contents.

scholarly journals Growth, Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptional Responses to Drought Stress in Seedlings of Medicago sativa L., Medicago arborea L. and Their Hybrid (Alborea)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Tani ◽  
Evangelia Chronopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos Labrou ◽  
Effie Sarri ◽  
Μaria Goufa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Medicago sativa L. is a tetraploid perennial forage legume of great agronomical interest. The increasing need for its use under water-deficit conditions as well as low-input systems demands further improvement of its drought tolerance. On the other hand, Medicagoarborea L. is a perennial leguminous shrub, which is knownas a drought-tolerant species. In the present study, drought stress responses of the aforementioned medicago species, along with their hybrid, named Alborea, were comparatively assayed at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional levels. In particular, transcript abundance of representative genes that: (a) control ion transport, intracellular Na+/H+ antiporters(NHX1) and rare cold inducible2A (RCI2A); (b) have an osmotic function Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1); and (c) participate in signaling pathways and control cell growth and leaf function stress-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases kinases (SIMKK), Zinc Finger (ZFN), apetala2/ethylene-responsive element binding (AP2/EREB), basic leucine zipper (bzip) and Medicago sativa Helicase 1(MH1) were evaluated. Under well-watered conditions, the studied population of Alborea showed the highest stem elongation rate and photosynthetic rate that were dramatically reduced under drought conditions compared to M. sativa and M. arborea. Under drought conditions, the studied population of M. arborea showed less reduction of relative water content, all gas-exchange parameters, less lipid peroxidation, and more antioxidant capacity. Moreover, transcriptional analysis demonstrated that the population of M. arborea exhibited significantly higher transcript levels of drought-responsive genes in both leaves and roots under drought stress conditions. M. sativa has better antioxidant capacity than Alborea and had a higher induction of stress-related genes, thus it performs better than Alborea under drought conditions. Among the studied genes, it seems that AP2/EREB play a critical role in the response of the studied population to drought stress.

Morphologic and anatomic response, catalase gene expression in drought varieties of tomato and bioinformatics analyses of microarray studies of the catalase gene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Mohajjel Shoja ◽  
Taha Khezriani ◽  
Maryam Kolahi ◽  
Elham Elham Mohajel Kazemi ◽  
Milad Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Catalase Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Microarray Studies

Abstract Crops in arid and semi-arid regions are exposed to adverse environmental factors such as drought. Experiments were conducted to determine the morphologic and anatomic response of drought-susceptible and tolerant varieties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under drought conditions (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% of field capacity). To investigate the role of antioxidant enzyme, catalase gene expression was examined by real-time RT-qPCR and microarray studies of the catalase gene in tomatoes under stress examined utilizing bioinformatics. The results showed significant morphological changes under drought conditions. Anatomical studies revealed that CaljN3 is more resistant than SuperstrainB varieties under drought stress. Relative expression of the CAT1 gene did not show any significant difference in both Caljn3 and SuperstrainB varieties based on quantitative Real-Time PCR, under drought stress. The bioinformatics results from microarray analysis revealed that this gene did not show a significant difference in expression in any of the cultivars and under any of the stresses. This gene is in the conserve cluster, a cluster with 118 members and a z score of 14.26148. This showed that this cluster is fully protected between two susceptible and tolerant varieties. The enrichment gene of this cluster did not show any significant intracellular pathways. It appears that in response to stress, an activating mechanism other than catalase is necessary. The fight against oxidative stress may begin one step before that of the enzymes and seeks to combat the stressor by activating proteins, especially channels, pumps and some cellular messengers.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

scholarly journals Overexpression of MdATG8i improves water use efficiency in transgenic apple by modulating photosynthesis, osmotic balance, and autophagic activity under moderate water deficit

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jia ◽  
Ke Mao ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xumei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Autophagic Activity

AbstractWater deficit is one of the major limiting factors for apple (Malus domestica) production on the Loess Plateau, a major apple cultivation area in China. The identification of genes related to the regulation of water use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial aspect of crop breeding programs. As a conserved degradation and recycling mechanism in eukaryotes, autophagy has been reported to participate in various stress responses. However, the relationship between autophagy and WUE regulation has not been explored. We have shown that a crucial autophagy protein in apple, MdATG8i, plays a role in improving salt tolerance. Here, we explored its biological function in response to long-term moderate drought stress. The results showed that MdATG8i-overexpressing (MdATG8i-OE) apple plants exhibited higher WUE than wild-type (WT) plants under long-term moderate drought conditions. Plant WUE can be increased by improving photosynthetic efficiency. Osmoregulation plays a critical role in plant stress resistance and adaptation. Under long-term drought conditions, the photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of sugar and amino acids were higher in MdATG8i-OE plants than in WT plants. The increased photosynthetic capacity in the OE plants could be attributed to their ability to maintain optimal stomatal aperture, organized chloroplasts, and strong antioxidant activity. MdATG8i overexpression also promoted autophagic activity, which was likely related to the changes described above. In summary, our results demonstrate that MdATG8i-OE apple lines exhibited higher WUE than WT under long-term moderate drought conditions because they maintained robust photosynthesis, effective osmotic adjustment processes, and strong autophagic activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Silicon and Proline Application on the Oxidative Machinery in Drought-Stressed Sugar Beet

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Muneera D. F. AlKahtani ◽  
Yaser M. Hafez ◽  
Kotb Attia ◽  
Emadeldeen Rashwan ◽  
Latifa Al Husnain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Yield Parameters

Drought stress deleteriously affects growth, development and productivity in plants. So, we examined the silicon effect (2 mmol) and proline (10 mmol) individually or the combination (Si + proline) in alleviating the harmful effect of drought on total phenolic compounds, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chlorophyll concentration and antioxidant enzymes as well as yield parameters of drought-stressed sugar beet plants during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Our findings indicated that the root diameter and length (cm), root and shoot fresh weights (g plant−1) as well as root and sugar yield significantly decreased in sugar beet plants under drought. Relative water content (RWC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents and chlorophyll (Chl) concentration considerably reduced in stressed sugar beet plants that compared with control in both seasons. Nonetheless, lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2●−) considerably elevated as signals of drought. Drought-stressed sugar beet plants showed an increase in proline accumulation, total phenolic compounds and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to mitigate drought effects. Si and proline individually or the combination Si + proline considerably increased root and sugar yield, sucrose%, Chl concentration and RWC, MDA and EL were remarkably reduced. The treatments led to adjust proline and total phenolic compounds as well as CAT and SOD activity in stressed sugar beet plants. We concluded that application of Si + proline under drought stress led to improve the resistance of sugar beet by regulating of proline, antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds and improving RWC, Chl concentration and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) contents as well as yield parameters.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptional response to drought stress among bioenergy grass Miscanthus species

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose J. De Vega ◽  
Abel Teshome ◽  
Manfred Klaas ◽  
Jim Grant ◽  
John Finnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Response To Water

Abstract Background Miscanthus is a commercial lignocellulosic biomass crop owing to its high biomass productivity, resilience and photosynthetic capacity at low temperature. These qualities make Miscanthus a particularly good candidate for temperate marginal land, where yields can be limited by insufficient or excessive water supply. Differences in response to water stress have been observed among Miscanthus species, which correlated to origin. In this study, we compared the physiological and molecular responses among Miscanthus species under excessive (flooded) and insufficient (drought) water supply in glasshouse conditions. Results A significant biomass loss was observed under drought conditions in all genotypes. M. x giganteus showed a lower reduction in biomass yield under drought conditions compared to the control than the other species. Under flooded conditions, biomass yield was as good as or better than control conditions in all species. 4389 of the 67,789 genes (6.4%) in the reference genome were differentially expressed during drought among four Miscanthus genotypes from different species. We observed the same biological processes were regulated across Miscanthus species during drought stress despite the DEGs being not similar. Upregulated differentially expressed genes were significantly involved in sucrose and starch metabolism, redox, and water and glycerol homeostasis and channel activity. Multiple copies of the starch metabolic enzymes BAM and waxy GBSS-I were strongly up-regulated in drought stress in all Miscanthus genotypes, and 12 aquaporins (PIP1, PIP2 and NIP2) were also up-regulated in drought stress across genotypes. Conclusions Different phenotypic responses were observed during drought stress among Miscanthus genotypes from different species, supporting differences in genetic adaption. The low number of DEGs and higher biomass yield in flooded conditions supported Miscanthus use in flooded land. The molecular processes regulated during drought were shared among Miscanthus species and consistent with functional categories known to be critical during drought stress in model organisms. However, differences in the regulated genes, likely associated with ploidy and heterosis, highlighted the value of exploring its diversity for breeding.

scholarly journals Foliar applications of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles to improve the growth of wheat plants under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 706-714
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Naveed Iqbal Raja ◽  
Bilal Javed ◽  
Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani ◽  
Mubashir Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

AbstractThe present study was aimed to biosynthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and assess their foliar applications to improve the growth of wheat plants under controlled irrigation and drought stress. Bud aqueous extract of Allium sativum L. was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent of SeNPs followed by their optical and morphological characterization by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Various concentrations of SeNPs (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) were applied exogenously to drought-tolerant (V1) and drought-susceptible (V2) wheat varieties at the trifoliate stage. Under the positive control conditions, plants were irrigated with 450 mL of water/pot (100% field capacity); and under water-deficit environment, plants were irrigated with 160 mL of water/pot (35% field capacity). Remarkable increase in plant height, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf area, leaf number, and leaf length has been observed when 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was used. However, the plant morphological parameters decreased gradually at higher concentrations (40 mg/L) in both selected wheat varieties. Therefore, 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was found most preferable to enhance the growth of selected wheat varieties under normal and water-deficient conditions.

Genome-wide identification of AP2/ERF transcription factors in mungbean (Vigna radiata) and expression profiling of the VrDREB subfamily under drought stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Muhammad Labbo ◽  
Maryam Mehmood ◽  
Malik Nadeem Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Khan ◽  
Aamira Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Major Factors

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is a valuable legume crop grown in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia. Drought is one of the major factors hindering its growth globally. APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element factor binding proteins (AP2/ERF) are an important family of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) involved in drought-stress tolerance. We identified 71 AP2/ERF TFs in the mungbean genome by using bioinformatics tools and classified them into subfamilies: AP2 (16 members), ERF (22), RAV (2), DREB (30) and soloist (other proteins with no domain, 1). Members of DREB play a critical role in drought-stress tolerance. Ten-day-old mungbean plants cv. AZRI-06 were exposed to drought stress by complete withholding of water for 7 days. Root samples were collected from control and drought-stressed plants, and the expression pattern of 30 identified VrDREB genes was determined by qPCR. Most VrDREB genes exhibited differential expression in response to drought. Five genes (VrDREB5, VrDREB12, VrDREB13, VrDREB22, VrDREB30) were highly expressed under drought stress and might be considered excellent candidates for further functional analysis and for improvement of mungbean drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Effect of Drought on Storage Root Development and Gene Expression Profile of Sweetpotato under Greenhouse and Field Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Solis ◽  
Arthur Villordon ◽  
Niranjan Baisakh ◽  
Don LaBonte ◽  
Nurit Firon
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Drought Conditions

Greenhouse and field culture systems were used to study the effect of drought conditions on the storage root (SR) formation in ‘Beauregard’ sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas). In the greenhouse culture system, drought was simulated by withholding water for 5 and 10 days after transplanting (DAT) cuttings in dry sand. Control plants received water at planting and every 3 days thereafter. In the field studies, natural drought conditions and selective irrigation were used to impose water deprivation during the critical SR formation period. Greenhouse drought for 5 and 10 DAT reduced the number of SRs by 42% and 66%, respectively, compared with the controls. Field drought resulted in a 49% reduction in U.S. #1 SR yield compared with the irrigated condition. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed differential expression of a set of sweetpotato transcription factors and protein kinases among greenhouse-grown plants subjected to well-watered conditions and water deficit during 5 DAT. A significant enhancement of expression was observed for known drought stress-associated genes such as an abscisic acid-responsive elements-binding factor, dehydration-responsive element-binding factor, and homeo-domain-zip proteins. Members of calcium-binding proteins showed differential expression under drought stress. For the first time it is reported that knotted1-like homeobox and BEL1-like genes showed altered expression in response to drought stress under a greenhouse condition. In summary, the results suggest that water deprivation during the SR formation period influences root development and expression patterns of stress-responsive genes and those previously found associated with SR formation in sweetpotato.

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