scholarly journals Adsorption of obsolete silt, peat, sawdust and compositions of them

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Zh.O. Petrova ◽  
K.M. Samoilenko ◽  
Yu.P. Novikova ◽  
T.A. Vyshnievska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
National Security ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Living Conditions

Environmental security is an important part of Ukraine's national security. It provides for the maintenance and improvement of the environment and should have a set of measures to prevent the danger to the population. It provides for the maintenance and improvement of the environment and should have a set of measures to prevent occurrence the danger to the population. One of the important issues of environmental safety in Ukraine is the accumulation of obsolete sludge after wastewater treatment at aeration stations. Untreated sludge has been merging into overcrowded sludge sites for several decades, which has led to the deterioration of the environment and living conditions in Ukraine. The article presents experimental studies to determine the adsorption properties of granules based on the composition of sludge and peat with the addition of sawdust. Preparation of raw materials, creation of compositions and granulation from obsolete sludge, peat and biomass were covered in previous publications.

scholarly journals Solutions of contemporary problems of environmental safety as a component of national security

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012052
Author(s):  
L M Popova ◽  
S A Skochko ◽  
O V Nesterenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Security ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Almost All

Abstract One of the priorities of the national interests of each country is to ensure environmental security as a component of national security. At the same time, among the current and projected threats to national security and national interests of almost all countries of the world are the consequences of climate change and the growth of man-made pressure on the environment. Therefore, today it is necessary to find ways to solve modern problems of environmental safety, including climate safety, which is the purpose of this scientific work. A promising way to reduce the risks of global climate threat is to ensure the environmental security of each country, which provides for the introduction of green technologies on the principle of construction of biopower plants in combination with poultry and livestock farms, as well as in combination with organic raw materials from the population, agricultural enterprises, utilities. In addition, it is planned to obtain biogas as an “alternative fuel”, which will produce electricity and heat, which will be used in lighting and heating of buildings. To prevent the complication of the environmental situation and reduce the intensity of climate change, it is proposed to reduce the area of landfills for organic raw materials. Analysis of soil contamination was conducted near the landfill for solid waste in Lozova city (Ukraine), from which the results of research.

scholarly journals Place of environmental security in the system of valuable orientations of sustainable development

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Olha Bespalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Development Concept

The article gives a historical excursion of the order of forming the concept of sustainable development. It is determined that the concept of sustainable development is one of the priority areas of scientific research. Emphasis is placed on the environmental component of the sustainable development concept. The author offers the author’s periodization of the idea of sustainable development and environmental safety within its framework. It has been determined that the formulation of ecological security has gone some way from the beginning of understanding the importance of environmental problems and environmental protection to the recognition of ecological security as a component of international and national security. The main international documents in the field of environmental safety are outlined. The main international conferences that laid the foundation for the concept of environmental safety were identified. The place of ecological safety as an integral part of the concept of sustainable development is defined.

scholarly journals State legal mechanism for ensuring environmental and technogenic safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Elena Valerievna Chuklova
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Legal Entities

In the light of the ongoing state administration reform, it is relevant to examine the state legal mechanism for ensuring environmental and technogenic security as the types of national security. The subject of this research is the definition of the concept and structure of such mechanism, which is an essential condition for ensuring the protection of favorable environment; observance of the interests of citizens and legal entities, society and the state; prevention of threats of natural and technogenic emergency situations; and minimization of the consequences of such situations. On the institutional level, the state legal mechanism for ensuring environmental safety represents the system of governing institutions assigned with the implementation of the key directions and mechanisms for ensuring environmental and technogenic safety; as well as private and legal entities, whose legal status includes the rights and responsibilities in the sphere of ensuring environmental and technogenic safety. On the technological level, the state legal mechanism is characterized by the types of legal activity. On the instrumental level, it represent a set of means and methods at the disposal of the entities. The scientific novelty of this research lies in examination of the essential aspects of the state legal mechanism for ensuring certain types of national security, as well as in formulation of the concept of the state legal mechanism applicable to ensuring environmental and technogenic safety, the absence of which impedes the assessment of the effectiveness of such mechanism in relation to protection of identity, society, and the state from environmental and technogenic hazards, threats and conflicts. The conclusion is made that a range of problems arises in the context of formation of the state legal mechanism for ensuring environmental safety: the existing model of state regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, which is based on voluntary inventory, obstructs the acquisition of information on the volume of greenhouse gas emissions by the administrative authorities; the created information systems in the sphere of environmental security are not an effective mechanism for achieving the goals of the Strategy of Environmental Security; there is certain inconsistency in environmental surveillance regulation.

scholarly journals The Problem of Environmental Security of Russia

2015 ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
O. I. Bashlakova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Russian Federation

The theme of the article is essentially relevant. Relevant because Russian environmental safety can be ensured only with a glance to the sustainable development. In order to make this happen the state's priorities should be altered from economic to ecological ones. The article clarifies the definition of environmental safety, identifies the place and role of environmental safety in the country's national security, discusses some of the issues of the environmental security in a state in today's ecological crisis, offers a mechanism to ensure environmental safety, reflects the need for a change in the perspective of decision-makers and different groups of citizens with the instruments of ecologically-oriented policy. Moreover, the author explains the necessity of environmental education for the implementation of the environmental security in Russia in terms of the sustainable development. The author points out that if the systems of nature and the appropriate quality of the environment remain in a proper balance, the sustainable development in the Russian Federation, the quality of life and health of its population, as well as national security will be ensured. The fact, that the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation includes the issue of environmental safety and defines it as a safeguard of the sustainable development in the society and favorable living conditions, is a reflection of such understandings. The article underlines there is a need to develop a mechanism for improving the legal regulation in the sphere of environmental security in the country. In this regard, the author concludes that such a mechanism will be aimed at protecting the interests of citizens and their right to an ecologically safe environment. That objective implies that enterprises and organization of all forms of ownership should be economically motivated to use the environmentally acceptable technologies and, consequently, to improve the environment's condition. The author implies that the environmental security is an essential component of the state national security, which can become a nation-binding idea, that can unite the peoples of Russia.

What the Environmental Security Strategy of the Russian Federation Should Be?

10.12737/4822 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Сергей Русин ◽  
Sergey Rusin
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Comprehensive Plan

According to the Security Council’s decision Environmental Security Strategy has been started to develop in Russia. The author thinks that the Strategy can be successful only if we have previously developed the concept of it. The Strategy’s concept should be based on extensive discussions with public authorities, experts in the field of national security, environmental protection and ecological safety, including lawyers. The article offers to discuss several proposals of the Strategy status and content. First, due to the variety of documents with the name of «strategy», is proposed to develop strategies to consider as a comprehensive plan to prevent threats to environmental security. Second, the strategy should be a comprehensive plan for the implementation of the National Security Strategy and the Concept of Sustainable Development, Environment doctrine, Principles of state policy in the field of environmental development in the part in which these documents are aimed at ensuring environmental safety as an element integral part of national Security. Third, under the threat of environmental safety are invited to understand the factors of the environment, have a negative impact on human society and the state (their physical, spiritual, cultural and other values). Source of threat is the state of the environment, changes in economic and other human activities, as well as natural hazards. Additionally, this article contains proposals for the classification of threats of environmental safety and legal measures to counter such threats. According to the author, stated approaches allow science-based strategies to determine the place in the documents of the state strategic planning, ensure environmental security as an element of national security, to separate it from the environment.

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

Water Pollution Abatement in Small Paper Mills in India

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Panneerselvam
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Recovery System

In order to reduce the demand for the forest based raw materials by the organised industrial sectors like the large integrated pulp and paper mills, the Government of India started promoting several small-scale pulp and paper mills based on non-wood agricultural residue raw materials. However promotion of these small mills has created another environmental problem i.e. severe water pollution due to non-recovery of chemicals. Because of the typical characteristics like high silica content etc. of the black liquor produced and the subsequent high capital investment needed for a recovery system, it is not economically feasible for the small Indian mills to recover the chemicals. While the quantity of wastewater generated per tonne of paper produced by a small mill is same as from a large integrated pulp and paper mill with a chemical recovery system, their BOD load is four times higher, due to non recovery of chemicals. However the existing wastewater disposal standards are uniform for large and small mills for e.g. 30 mg BOD/l. To meet these standards, the small mills have to install a capital intensive wastewater treatment plant with heavy recurring operating costs. Therefore the feasible alternative is to implement various pollution abatement measures, with the objective of not only reducing the fibre/chemical loss but also to reduce the investment and operating costs of the final wastewater treatment system. To illustrate this approach, a case study on water pollution abatement and control in a 10 TPD mill, will be discussed.

THE VALUE OF ORGANOLEPTIC INDICATORS OF DRINKING WATER THE ROSTOV REGION, AS FACTORS OF THE EPIDEMIC SAFETY OF POPULATION HEALTH

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Timur Khetsuriani ◽  
Elena Chaplygina ◽  
Tatyana Zhukova ◽  
Elgudzha Khetsuriani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Mass Development

The article presents an overview of the mass development of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in the don river of the Rostov region, which leads to the phenomenon, received in the literature the name of harmful “flowering” of water. The harmfulness of the mass development of cyanobacteria is changes in organoleptic characteristics of drinking water, which lead to the production of a large number of dangerous to human health and animal toxins, to reduce water quality, violation of the aesthetic appearance of the reservoir, the loss of useful human properties of the aquatic ecosystem and are factors of epidemic safety of public health. Experimental studies of the properties of cyanobacteria and toxins produced by blue-green algae are pre-sented. The first studies were carried out at the pilot plant on the technology of purification of flowering don water to ensure environmental safety of drinking water and public health.

Perspective Biomass Carrier for Anaerobic Processing Systems of Organic Waste AIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Anatoliy V. Fedotov ◽  
Viktor S. Grigoriev ◽  
Dmitriy A. Kovalev ◽  
Andrey A. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Developed Surface ◽  
Highly Porous

To speed up the wastewater treatment under aerobic conditions and to optimize the processes of anaerobic wastewater treatment in digesters, immobilization technologies of microorganisms and enzymes on solid carriers are used. Ceramic carriers based on aluminosilicates and alumina are one of the promising inorganic biomass carriers. (Research purpose) To study the structure of porous ceramic biomass carriers for anaerobic processing of organic waste and evaluate the prospects for their use. (Materials and methods) The substrate for anaerobic digestion was a mixture of sediments of the primary and secondary sewage sumps of the Lyubertsy treatment facilities. K-65 cattle feed was used to ensure the constancy of the composition of organic substances in substrates as a cosubstrate. The authors used the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption of Bruner-Emmett-Teller to study the pore structure and specific surface of solid carriers on a specific surface analyzer Quntachrome Autosorb-1. (Results and discussion) The main characteristics (specific surface, volume of micro- and mesopores, predominant pore radius, water absorption and others) of chamotte foam lightweight and highly porous corundum ceramics were determined. It was revealed that ceramic materials with a developed surface and electrically conductive material provided an increase in biogas yield by 3.8-3.9 percent with an increase in methane content by an average of 5 percent. (Conclusions) The results of anaerobic digestion showed a positive effect of both a conductive carrier and highly porous ceramic materials on the process of anaerobic bioconversion of organic waste into biogas. It is advisable to expand experimental studies on the use of a conductive carrier with a developed surface based on highly porous ceramics.

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