THE LONG ROAD TO THE LIGHT: ON THE NINETIETH ANNIVERSARY OF T.L. BYSTRITSKAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-571
Author(s):  
Andrey Smagin ◽  
Nadezhda Bystritskaya
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
Steppe Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Post War ◽  
Biophilic Elements

Tatyana Lvovna Bystritskaya is a prominent representative of the post-war pleyade of Soviet soil scientists, who laid the foundations of functional ecological soil science in connection with the problem of bioproductivity of terrestrial ecosystems. She can rightfully be considered as one of the most signifi Russian researchers of the year-round carbon cycle and conjugated biophilic elements in natural and anthropogenic steppe ecosystems on the chernozem soils of the USSR. Tatyana Lvovna Bystritskaya is also the developer of the methodology for instrumental monitoring of “soil life” (the daily and seasonal dynamics of soil solutions using ion-selective electrodes), an international expert on black fusion soils of Eurasia and on the fusion processes unfavorable to agricultural soils, author and co-author of classical monographs on the bioproductivity of herbal ecosystems in connection with soil processes and nature management, on the genesis and evolution of soils in the opolian landscapes of Central Russia, on the vertisols of Eurasia, soil solutions of chernozems and gray forest soils in Russia and Ukraine. In November this year, Tatyana Lvovna celebrates her ninetieth birthday, and we present this publication as a humble gift on this momentous occasion.

Polystyrene Microplastics Interaction with Oryza sativa: Toxicity and Metabolic Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiani Wu ◽  
Weitao Liu ◽  
Aurang Zeb ◽  
Jiapan Lian ◽  
Yuebing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Metabolic Mechanism

Little is known about the microplastic effects in terrestrial ecosystems, especially agricultural soils and terrestrial higher plants. Here, rice seedlings were exposed to two different sized polystyrene (PS) microplastics (100...

scholarly journals The influence of mineral fertilizers on the mass of plant-root residues of grain crops on chernozem soils of the Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
D.V. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Chernozem Soils

The influence of various levels of mineral nutrition on the accumulation of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is studied. The natural agricultural background of leached chernozem was taken as a control. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the experiment, various doses of mineral fertilizers were used, ensuring the yield of grain crops from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It was found that the mass of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats has no significant differences and depends on the level of mineral nutrition. On the natural agricultural background, the mass of plant-root residues is 3.24-3.88 t/ha. Fertilization increases the yield of grain crops to 6.0 t/ha, and also increases the amount of plant-root residues: spring wheat - 4.47; oats – 6.04 t/ha. Increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers reduces the ratio of yield to the mass of plant-root residues from 1:1.6 to 1:1.10 units. It was found that almost half of the root system of spring wheat and oats is located in a layer of 0-10 cm, while the share of roots in a layer of 30-40 cm accounts for no more than 16% of the mass.

scholarly journals Compositional and chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in various types of cropped and natural Chinese soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songyan Li ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Guoxi Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Sun ◽  
Beidou Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Natural Soils ◽  
Red Soils ◽  
Chernozem Soils

Abstract Background Exploration of composition and chemical characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is significant to understand its biogeochemical role in terrestrial ecosystems. A total of 43 cropped and 16 natural soils (0–20 cm) under four soil types (cinnamon, chernozem, red and paddy soils) across China were collected to investigate the spectral characteristics of DOM using UV–Vis and 3D-EEM spectroscopy. Results The chernozem soils exhibited the highest aromaticity and humification degree among the four soil types. Ranges of biological index (BIX, 0.53–1.17) and fluorescence index (FI, 1.55–2.10) were found in the investigated DOM, showing joint contribution from allochthonous and autochthonous sources. Higher BIX and FI in the DOM of the paddy and red soils indicated a greater reliance on autochthonous sources for these two soil types. The cropped soils showed no significant differences in chemical characteristics and sources from the natural soils for the cinnamon, chernozem and red soils. UVA (16.2–47.9%) and UVC fulvic-like substances (15.4–40.5%) were the prevailing DOM components, which were highest in the chernozem soils. Additionally, the cropped soils had a higher proportion of humic-like substances than the natural soils in the DOM. Conclusions Both soil type and land-use strongly affected the chemical characteristics of soil DOM, but only soil type had an impact on the DOM composition for the collected soils. These findings may contribute to the prediction of the biochemical behavior of soil DOM under different soil types and land-uses in terrestrial ecosystems.

Ecology of plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Березина ◽  
N. Berezina ◽  
Наталья Афанасьева ◽  
Natal'ya Afanas'eva
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Earth Sciences ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Environmental Organizations ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Master's Programs ◽  
Supplementary Education ◽  
Plant Life

The textbook covers the issues of interaction of plants, their populations and communities with the environment, as well as the factors which influence these processes. It reviews the foundations of the resistance of vegetation and the types of environmental heterogeneity of plants. The textbook is aimed at students studying ecology as part of various Bachelor’s programs (05.03.06 Ecology and Nature Management, 05.03.02 Geography, 06.03.01 Biology, 06.03.02 Soil Science) and Master’s programs (05.04.06 Ecology and Nature Management, 05.03.02 Geography, 06.04.01 Biology, 06.04.02 Soil Science). The textbook may be included in the set of teaching materials for the following postgraduate programs: 05.06.01 Earth Sciences and 06.06.01 Biological Sciences. The textbook may also be recommended for those working within the system of supplementary education, teachers, employees of environmental organizations and practitioners specializing in various fields who use the information about the plant life and the autotrophic ecosystems in their work.

Earth science

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Дьяченко ◽  
Vladimir Dyachenko ◽  
Лариса Дьяченко ◽  
Larisa D'yachenko
Keyword(s):  
Earth Science ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Short Course ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Structure ◽  
The Impact

The textbook describes the features of the origin, development, structure and functioning of the earth's shells and the impact on them of the most common types of environmental management. From the standpoint of modern science shows the history of the formation of the biosphere, analyzed the causes and consequences of natural hazards associated with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and technogenic transformation of the biosphere. The complex of disciplines that make up the textbook is chosen to present the essence of the main natural science subjects required for students studying in the framework of a larger group of specialties and areas of training 20.00.00 "Technosphere safety and environmental engineering" in accordance with the requirements of the GEF in the last generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the directions 20.03.01 "Technosphere safety", 20.03.02"nature management and water use". The textbook can be used in the educational process for educational programs of the enlarged group of specialties 05.00.00 "earth Sciences", as well as areas 06.03.01 "Biology", 06.03.02 "soil science". The content of the textbook also allows you to use it as a short course in Geology, hydrology, hydrogeology, climatology and meteorology, soil science, landscape Geochemistry for training bachelors in related areas and specialties.

scholarly journals The daily life in the virgin and fallow lands in 1954–1964

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Andrey Belov ◽  
Andrey Rybin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Post War

Based on the records of management documentation, periodicals, memoirs of contemporaries, the article presents an overall picture of the daily life of virgin lands (tselina). The study showed that upon arrival to the new land volunteers were often forced to live in the severe conditions of lack of infrastructure. They had to live in tents or field trailers. At the same time, settlers themselves could improve their living conditions by building state-farm (sovkhoz) settlements. Such work required a lot of effort. The average working time was 12–14 hours a day, regardless of the age, length of service and experience of a volunteer who arrived to the virgin lands. Earnings ranged between 500–1400 rubles per month in average. Food supply system in the new land development areas was essential to support the physical strength of the volunteers. However, as contemporaries remember, the food was unsatisfactory. The diet, as a rule, was monotonous, in view of which workers often staged strikes. In the end, gradually the infrastructure in the virgin lands acquired the level usual for the Central Russia. In particular, leisure time outside the virgin lands was spent in cinemas, clubs, libraries, amateur circles, holding sports competitions. However, social security was in poor condition as well as medical care. Not all medical centers worked; there was a constant lack of doctors, which led to increased injuries. Many volunteers who came to the new lands had no experience in agriculture – in this regard, medicine played an important role in the daily life of virgin lands. New settlers also faced a number of problems, which led to disruption of the usual daily life. In particular, cases of hooliganism caused by alcoholism, fights with lethal outcomes were frequent in the new lands. The indigenous population was often hostile to visitors. In addition, the residents of virgin lands were harmed by the military, who conducted nuclear weapons tests in the vicinity of new farms. In the end, the new settlers were able to cope with the difficulties they were facing and in a short time established a large-scale production of grain crops. Due to this, the country was able to temporarily overcome the food issue that had become urgent in the post-war period. Key words: living conditions, working process, wages, leisure, daily life, virgin and fallow lands.

scholarly journals Basin-centric approach to the sustainable development of agriculture in the context of climate change

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
S.E. Dehodiuk ◽  
Е.G. Degodiyk ◽  
Yu.P. Borko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Small River ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Nature Restoration

The aim is to develop conceptual principles of sustainable development of the agrosphere and reproduction of degraded riverbeds of small rivers under climate change. Methods. Methodology and methods of system approach, monitoring, statistical analysis, and synthesis of scientific data. Results. It has been determined the ecological condition in Ukraine and the world has been by the manifestations of degradation processes in terrestrial ecosystems and small river basins on the principle of causation. It has been suggested the conceptual bases of restoration of channels of small rivers and their basins by carrying out engineering, culture-technical works in channels and floodplains of small rivers, the organization of adaptive landscaping of the territory, and also carrying out agro-, chemo-, bio- and phyto-meliorations in their basins without disturbance the basis of erosion and giving impetus to self-renewal of natural fauna and flora. In the processes of nature restoration, the leading role of domestic science in the methodological and methodological support of projects has been identified, and importance is attached to the restoration of natural biodiversity and biologization in agricultural systems. We proposed to create a state mortgage land bank with a concentration in it of land fees of ecological funds with the involvement of domestic and foreign investment. It is recommended to test the idea in several model pools of soil-climatic zones with further replication in Ukraine and the spread of technology beyond its borders. Conclusions. А systematic approach is needed to carry out reclamation works in the basins of small rivers is to implement the basin approach. To implement the program, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine must adopt the Law of Ukraine “On Agriculture, Sustainable Development of the Biosphere and Ecological Nature Management”, the project of which was developed at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS”. The NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” with appropriate financial and personnel support on a multifunctional basis can perform the functions of a methodological center for the development of methodology and techniques of land management and reclamation in the process of restoring small river basins.

scholarly journals Carbon budgets in the steppe ecosystems of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 485 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-735
Author(s):  
I. N. Kurganova ◽  
V. O. Lopes de Gerenyu ◽  
A. T. Zhiengaliyev ◽  
V. N. Kudeyarov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Budgets ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Steppe Ecosystems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Abandoned Lands

Abandoned lands formed in the place of former arable lands occupy considerable areas in the steppe zone and are a basic reserve for the restoration of the steppe biome in Russia. Taking into account the secondary steppe ecosystems developed in the place of the abandoned lands, the total carbon dioxide sink in the steppe zone of Russia can reach 92-121 Mt С per year. This is comparable to the СО2 sink in the managed forests of the Russian Federation (96 Mt/yr) and accounts for 10-20% of the total sink of СО2 in the terrestrial ecosystems of Russia. To increase the sink potential on the territory of the Russian Federation, the natural and restored steppe ecosystems should be preserved.

scholarly journals Convergent modelling of past soil organic carbon stocks but divergent projections

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 4373-4383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Luo ◽  
E. Wang ◽  
H. Zheng ◽  
J. A. Baldock ◽  
O. J. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Drying Conditions

Abstract. Soil carbon (C) models are important tools for understanding soil C balance and projecting C stocks in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly under global change. The initialization and/or parameterization of soil C models can vary among studies even when the same model and data set are used, causing potential uncertainties in projections. Although a few studies have assessed such uncertainties, it is yet unclear what these uncertainties are correlated with and how they change across varying environmental and management conditions. Here, applying a process-based biogeochemical model to 90 individual field experiments (ranging from 5 to 82 years of experimental duration) across the Australian cereal-growing regions, we demonstrated that well-designed optimization procedures enabled the model to accurately simulate changes in measured C stocks, but did not guarantee convergent forward projections (100 years). Major causes of the projection uncertainty were due to insufficient understanding of how microbial processes and soil C pool change to modulate C turnover. For a given site, the uncertainty significantly increased with the magnitude of future C input and years of the projection. Across sites, the uncertainty correlated positively with temperature but negatively with rainfall. On average, a 331 % uncertainty in projected C sequestration ability can be inferred in Australian agricultural soils. This uncertainty would increase further if projections were made for future warming and drying conditions. Future improvement in soil C modelling should focus on how the microbial community and its C use efficiency change in response to environmental changes, and better conceptualization of heterogeneous soil C pools and the C transformation among those pools.

scholarly journals Sites Availability for Minimalizing and Soil-Conservation Tillage of Soils in Slovakia

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Vilček ◽  
Karol Kováč
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Production Area

Sites Availability for Minimalizing and Soil-Conservation Tillage of Soils in SlovakiaThere is an alternative technology of traditional agricultural soil processing, so called minimalizing cultivation, which is based on reduction of some operating processes used in common. It is possible to perform this technology only in particular soil conditions. Total land area of sites, which are avail-able for the application of minimalizing cultivation is about 693 thousand hectares, which presents approximately 28% of agricultural and 48% of arable soils. 60% of this land area occurs in the maize production area and 39% in the sugar beet production area, thus in the most favourable agricultural local-ities regarding climate and soil. According to the administrative structuring of Slovakia 43% of agricultural soils suitable for minimalizing technologies occurs in Nitra district and about 27% in Trnava district. Identification of areas, suitable for such technologies application, is possible by the information databases of Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, which have been elaborated for this purpose in geographic and informative systems. Regarding input parameters, they were chosen as follows: climatic conditions of given locality, steepness, depth, stoniness and soil texture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document