scholarly journals STUDI B-VALUE SEBAGAI ANALISIS SEISMISITAS BERDASARKAN DATA GEMPABUMI PERIODE 1914-2020 (STUDI KASUS : PROVINSI BENGKULU)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Selly Tri Daiana ◽  
Nurhidayah ◽  
Linda Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
B Value ◽  
A Value

Salah satu Provinsi di pulau sumatera yang paling rentan terhadap bencana gempa bumi ialah Provinsi Bengkulu, yang wilayahnya terletak pada zona pertemuan lempeng tektonik Indo- Australia dan Eurasia yang merupakan pemicu utama tingginya aktivitas gempa bumi di wilayah Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi distribusi kegempaan, b-value, a-value, periode ulang gempa bumi dan kemungkinan gempa di wilayah Provinsi Bengkulu dengan menggunakan metode Maximum Likelihood. Data gempabumi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data gempabumi dari katalog USGS tahun 1914-2020 kurun waktu 106 tahun dengan magnitudo completness 5.3 dan kedalaman (h) ? 8.9 km yang berlokasi di 5o 40’– 2o 0’ LS dan 40’ – 104o 0’ BT. Data latitude dan longitude di bagi menjadi 2 bagian berdasarkan sebaran episenter gempa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi kegempaan di Provinsi Bengkulu sebanyak 1442 kejadian gempa selama 106 tahun terakhir. Distribusi kegempaan di Provinsi Bengkulu cukup tinggi. Dari analisis menggunakan software ZMAP diperoleh dari hasil distribusi b-value wilayah Provinsi Bengkulu terlihat wilayah laut memiliki b-value yang cenderung lebih rendah dengan variasi 1.5–1.9, dengan wilayah perairan laut Bengkulu timur hingga tenggara merupakan wilayah dengan variasi b-value tertinggi. Sedangkan untuk b-value wilayah darat dengan variasi yang lebih tinggi yaitu antara 2.8–3.2, yang merupakan Wilayah yang dekat dengan pinggir pantai dengan periode ulang gempa dengan magnitudo 6-7 berkisar antara 4 – 7000 tahun.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TINGKAT SEISMISITAS DAN TINGKAT KERAPUHAN BATUAN DI MALUKU UTARA

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Vienda Gaby Lumintang ◽  
Guntur Pasau ◽  
Seni J Tongkukut
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Method ◽  
B Value ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Analysis ◽  
Repetition Period ◽  
Earthquake Recurrence ◽  
A Value ◽  
Likelihood Analysis

ANALISIS TINGKAT SEISMISITAS DAN TINGKAT KERAPUHAN BATUAN DI MALUKU UTARA ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan tingkat seismisitas dan tingkat kerapuhan batuan melalui perhitungan nilai a dan b secara spasial di Maluku Utara menggunakan katalog gempa ANSS tahun 1963-2015 dengan metode maksimum likelihood, menghitung kemungkinan waktu terjadinya kembali gempa bumi merusak secara spasial, serta untuk menenentukan daerah-daerah yang sangat rawan berpotensi gempa merusak di wilayah Maluku Utara. Perhitungan nilai a dan b dari data ANSS untuk wilayah Maluku Utara menunjukkan besar nilai b adalah berkisar pada 0,75-1,5 dan nilai a adalah berkisar pada 6,5-10. Periode ulang gempa bumi untuk wilayah Maluku Utara dengan magnitude Mw = 6,5 adalah 3-19 tahun, gempa dengan magnitude Mw = 7 adalah 5-52 tahun, dan gempa dengan magnitude Mw = 7,5 adalah 15-140 tahun. Daerah-daerah yang berpotensi mengalami gempa bumi merusak adalah wilayah Laut Maluku, Ternate, Tidore, sebagian wilayah Kabupaten Halmahera Utara dan Barat, Pulau Kasiruta dan Pulau Obi. Kata kunci: nilai-b, seismisitas, maximum likelihood   ANALYSIS OF SEISMICITY LEVEL AND ROCKS FRAGILITY LEVEL IN NORTH MALUKU ABSTRACT A research has ben conducted to determine the seismicity level and rocks fragility level through spatially calculation of a  value and b value in North Maluku using ANSS earthquake catalog of years 1963-2015 with maximum likelihood method, spatially calculate possible time of  destructive earthquake recurrence, and to determine areas that highly prone to potentially destructive earthquake in North Maluku. A value and b value calculation of ANSS data of North Maluku region shows that b value is in the range of 0.75-1.5 and a value is in the range of 6.5-10. Earthquake repetition period of North Maluku region based on ANSS data with magnitude Mw = 6.5 is 3-19 years, for earthquake with magnitude Mw = 7 is 5-52 years and for earthquake with magnitude Mw = 7.5 is 15-140 years. Areas that potentially have destructive earthquake is Molucca Sea region, Ternate, Tidore, parts of North and West Halmahera District, Kasiruta Island and Obi Island. Keywords: b value, seismicity, maximum likelihood

scholarly journals Determination of temporal value of a-value and b-value to identify the level brittle of rock and seismic activity in the Palu region

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Afryanti Veronika Simangunsong ◽  
Ramadhan Priadi ◽  
Anak Agung Istri Dwilyantari ◽  
Agus Marsono
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
B Value ◽  
B Values ◽  
A Value ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Earthquake Data

<span lang="EN-US">The Palu area is a region that has a high seismic potential as a result of the existence of the Palu Koro Fault. The Koro Palu Fault is an active sinistral fault that moves with velocity around 25-30 mm/year. This research purpose to determine the a-value and b-value temporally for identify rock brittle levels and seismicity levels in the Palu area using the Maximum Likelihood Guttenberg-Richter method. The data used in this study are earthquake data from the BMKG and USGS catalogs for 2008-2018 over a period of 10 years located at 0840 LU 40 2.620LS and 118,590 BT - 121.70 BT. Based on the results of data processing, there were 3033 earthquake distributions in the earthquake over a 10-year period. The calculation results show variations in the value of b-values in the range 0.55-0.961 and the a-value in the range 3.63-5.42. The highest b-value was obtained in 2015 at 0.961 as an indication of increased seismic activity in the Palu area. After the Palu M 7.4 earthquake on 28 September  2018, there was a significant decrease in the value of the b-value to 0.685. Based on the trend of b-value values which continued to decline from 2015 until 2018, it was identified in the rock's resistance to stress is high in the Palu area. Whereas for the seismicity index value of the Palu area of 0.040789 with the earthquake return period 7 is 25 years. </span>

scholarly journals Effects of Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dubia) Powder on the Physicochemical and Kinetic Parameters of Deteriorating Microorganisms and Salmonella enterica Subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Refrigerated Vacuum-Packed Ground Beef

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Jorge Luiz da Silva ◽  
Vasco Cadavez ◽  
José M. Lorenzo ◽  
Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo ◽  
Ursula Gonzales-Barron
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beef ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
B Value ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
A Value ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
And Control

This study aims to evaluate the effects of camu-camu powder (CCP), Amazonian berry fruit with documented bioactive properties, physicochemical meat parameters, and the growth kinetics parameters of S. enterica ser. Typhimurium, psychrotrophic bacteria (PSY), and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in vacuum-packed ground beef. Batches of ground beef were mixed with 0.0%, 2.0%, 3.5%, and 5.0% CCP (w/w), vacuum-packed as 10 g portions, and stored at 5 °C for 16 days. Centesimal composition analyses (only on the initial day), pH, TBARS, and color were quantified on storage days 1, 7, and 15, while PSY and LAB were counted on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 13, and 16. Another experiment was conducted with the same camu-camu doses by inoculating S. enterica ser. Typhimurium microbial kinetic curves were modeled by the Huang growth and Weibull decay models. CCP decreased TBARS in beef from 0.477 to 0.189 mg MDA·kg−1. No significant differences in meat pH between treated and control samples were observed on day 15. CCP addition caused color changes, with color a* value decreases (from 14.45 to 13.44) and color b* value increases (from 17.41 to 21.25), while color L* was not affected. Higher CCP doses caused progressive LAB growth inhibition from 0.596 to 0.349 log CFU·day−1 at 2.0% and 5.0% CCP, respectively. Similarly, PSY growth rates in the treated group were lower (0.79–0.91 log CFU·day−1) compared to the control (1.21 log CFU·day−1). CCP addition at any of the investigated doses produced a steeper S. enterica ser. Typhimurium inactivation during the first cold storage day, represented by Weibull’s concavity α shape parameter, ranged from 0.37 to 0.51, in contrast to 1.24 for the control. At the end of the experiment, however, S. enterica ser. Typhimurium counts in beef containing CCP were not significantly different (p < 0.05) from the control. Although CCP affects bacterial kinetics, it does not protect ground beef against spoilage bacteria and Salmonella to the same degree it does against lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals The effect of enriched cyclopoid copepods on the coloration and feeding rate of Betta splendens

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
A Yuslan ◽  
N Nasir ◽  
H Suhaimi ◽  
A Arshad ◽  
N W Rasdi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
B Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
L Value

Abstract Copepods with a wide range of sizes, species, and nutritional compositions are preferred as live food for rearing of Betta splendens larvae. This research focuses on evaluating the efficiency of copepod enrichment diets in improving the coloration and feeding rate of B. splendens. Copepod were enriched with Chlorella sp. (T1), capsicum (T2), mixed vegetable (carrot + spinach), (T3), yeast (T4) and rice bran (T5) in 24 hours prior the feeding tests. As a result, proximate analysis of enriched-copepods showed that T1 (70.88±0.41) has highest protein content and T5 (22.01±0.59) has the highest lipid content. The specific growth rate and survival rate of B. splendens was highest in the treatment T1 (2.56±0.07%; 91.11±1.92%) and followed closely by T3 (2.49±0.51%; 85.55±8.39%). Feeding rate, T3 (70.08±3.88%) presented highest rate compared to other treatments. The different enrichment diets used were significantly impact the coloration test on body of L* value (P=0.001, P<0.05), T3 (66.11±3.60) appeared darker in color in contrast to others. As for a* value, the coloration was not impacted with the use of different enrichment on copepods (P=0.158, P>0.05) was detected for T1 (2.84±0.73) that gave a redder shade than other treatments did. T3 (2.40±0.30) exerted a more yellowish shade than the rest for b* value with a significant difference (P=0.015, P<0.05). The current study demonstrates that, rice bran, capsicum and mixed vegetable enrichment (carrot and spinach) have the potential to be an effective means of increasing B. splendens coloring and feeding rate. This potential diet can be further used as a substitution to artificial foods in producing sustainable culture of ornamental fish in the aquaculture industry.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Lokasi Geografis dan Vegetasi terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia Madu dari Ciwidey dan Bogor

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Emanuela Rae Alodia ◽  
Anas Bunyamin ◽  
Efri Mardawati
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
B Value ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
A Value ◽  
C Value

<p><em>Physicochemical properties are one of the parameters of honey quality that impacts the sales of honey as well as the economy condition of the society in Ciwidey and Bogor. The physicochemical properties of honey are significantly influenced by the origin of the honey, including its geographical location and vegetation. This study aims to determine the physicochemical properties between multiflora honey from Ciwidey and Bogor with different source of nectar where Ciwidey honey is dominated by calliandra nectar while Bogor honey is dominated by kapok nectar. Data were analyzed with descriptive and quantitative method using independent t test for data with normal distribution (water content and reducing sugar content). Data that were not normally distributed (color analysis and acidity value) were tested non-parametrically with the Mann Whitney-U. The results showed that Bogor honey has the better physicochemical properties and meets Indonesian National Standard (Standar Nasional Indonesia, SNI) 8664:2018, with a water content of 15.15% w/w, L* values of 35.26, a* value of 28.66, b* value of 59.46, c* value of 66.01, h* value of 64.27°, reducing sugar content of 78.78% and acidity value of 35.56 mL NaOH kg-1. Phytochemical screening showed positive results on alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol and tannin, and the results of GC-MS analysis showed three significant compounds which are hydroxymethylfurfural of 48.26%, levoglucosan of 13.58% and ammonium carbamate of 9.18%.</em></p>

scholarly journals Seismic analysis using maximum likelihood of gutenberg-richter

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Arum Handini Primandari ◽  
Khusnul Khotimah
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Method ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
B Value ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Earthquake Occurrence ◽  
Precise Prediction ◽  
Great Damage

An earthquake is one of catastrophe which often claim numerous lives and cause great damage to infrastructure. Multiple studies from various field have been conducted in order to make a precise prediction of earthquake occurrence, such as recognizing the natural phenomena symptoms leading to the shaking and ground rupture. However, up till now there is no definite method that can predict the time and place in which earthquake will occur. By assuming that the number of earthquake follow Gutenberg-Richter law, we work b-value derived using Maximum Likelihood Method to calculate the probability of earthquake happen in the next few years. The southern sea of D.I. Yogyakarta was divided into four areas to simplify the analysis. As the result, in the next five years the first and second area have high enough probability (>0.3) to undergo more than 6.0-magnitude earthquake.

Evaluation of Color Changes of Different Resin Cements in Feldspathic Ceramic Crowns After Accelerated Aging: An In Vitro Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 232020682110443
Author(s):  
Murat Eskitaşçıoğlu ◽  
Mehmet Şerif Akdeniz ◽  
Beyza Ünalan Değirmenci
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
B Value ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
A Value ◽  
L Value ◽  
Ceramic Crowns ◽  
The Times

Aims: To evaluate the color changes that occur after accelerated aging in feldspathic ceramic crowns cemented with three different dual-cured resin cements. Materials and Methods: For each of the A2-colored RelyX U200, G-CEM LinkForce, and Panavia V5 cement groups, 45 dies from A2-colored zirconia blocks and 45 crowns from CEREC blocks were prepared. Color measurements after 24 h of cementation (T1) and after cycles of aging of 1750 (T2), 3500 (T3), and 7000 (T4) in the thermal cycle device were made using SpectroShade Micro device. The coordinates of the color were used L*, a*, and b* as base and the color change was calculated with ∆ E00 in determining the color. One-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the times in terms of ∆ L*, ∆ a*, and ∆ b* values. Results: It was found that ∆ L* value decreased significantly in period of the T2, T3, and T4 times compared to T1 in all groups ( P < .05), whereas the change between period of T2, T3, and T4 times was not significant ( P > .05). The ∆ a* value increased significantly in the period of T3 and T4 times compared to T1 in the only G-CEM LinkForce group, whereas the ∆ b* value increased significantly in the period of T4 time compared to T1 in the only Panavia V5 group. The changes in ∆ E00 values, which were observed in all period of times, were found to be between 0.43 and 1.04, 0.43 and 1.43, and 0.40 and 0.97 in RelyX U200, G-CEM LinkForce, and Panavia V5 groups, respectively. Conclusion: After accelerated aging, it was found that the color of all cements became darker and the G-CEM LinkForce group turned red and the Panavia V5 group turned yellow. However, it was found that the color changes that occurred were within clinically acceptable visible levels.

Quantitative seismicity maps of India

1972 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1119-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Kaila ◽  
V. K. Gaur ◽  
Hari Narain
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Active Zone ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
B Value ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
The West ◽  
Period Map ◽  
A Value

Abstract Using the Kaila and Narain (1971) method, three quantitative seismicity maps have been prepared for the Indian subcontinent which are compared with regional tectonics. These are the A-value map, the b-value map and the return-period map for earthquakes with magnitude 6 and above where A and b are the constants in the cumulative regression curve represented by log N = A - bM. The A-value seismicity map shows that India can be divided into two broad seismic zones, the northern seismically highly active zone and the southern moderately active zone. In the northern active zone, a number of seismic highs have been delineated such as the Pamir high, the northwest-southeast trending Srinagar-Almora high, the Shillong massif high, the Arakan Yoma high and the West Pakistan highs. These seismic highs are consistent with the Himalayan tectonic trends. Contrary to this, two seismic highs fall in the Tibet plateau region which align transversely to the main Himalayan trend. In the southern moderately active zone, two seismic highs are clearly discernible, the east and the west coast high, the latter being seismically more active than the former. The least active zone encompasses the Vindhyan syncline and the areas of Delhi and Aravalli folding. Between this zone and the east coast high lies another moderately active zone which encloses the Godavari graben, western part of the Mahanadi graben and the Chattisgarh depression. The b-value seismicity map also demarcates the same active zones as are brought out on the A-value map. The return-period map of India for earthquakes with magnitude 6 and above shows a minimum return period of 100 years in the Pamirs, about 130 years in the various seismic highs in the northern active zone, 180 years on the west coast high, 200 years on the east coast high and about 230 years in the least active Vindhyan-Aravalli zone and the Hyderabad-Kurnool area. These quantitative seismicity maps are also compared with the seismic zoning map of Indian Standards Institution and seismicity maps of India prepared by other workers.

scholarly journals Formulation and Characterization of Antimicrobial Edible Films Based on Whey Protein Isolate and Tarragon Essential Oil

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1748
Author(s):  
Maria-Ioana Socaciu ◽  
Melinda Fogarasi ◽  
Cristina Anamaria Semeniuc ◽  
Sonia Ancuţa Socaci ◽  
Mihaela Ancuţa Rotar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
B Value ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Puncture Resistance ◽  
A Value ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
L Value

The effects of heat treatment and the addition of tarragon essential oil on physical and mechanical properties of films prepared with 5% whey protein isolate (WPI) and 5% glycerol were investigated in this study. Heat treatment of the film-forming solution caused increases in thickness, moisture content, swelling degree, water vapor permeability (WVP), b*-value, ΔE*-value, transmittance values in the 200–300-nm region, transparency, and puncture resistance of the film, but decreases in water solubility, L*-value, a*-value, transmittance values in the 350–800-nm region, and puncture deformation. When incorporated with tarragon essential oil, heat-treated films have the potential to be used as antimicrobial food packaging. The addition of tarragon essential oil in film-forming solution caused increases in moisture content, solubility in water, WVP, a*-value, b*-value, ΔE*-value, and transparency of the film; decreases in transmittance values in the range of 600–800 nm; and variations in swelling degree, L*-value, transmittance values in the range of 300–550 nm, puncture resistance, and puncture deformation. Nevertheless, different tendencies were noticed in UNT (untreated) and HT (heat-treated) films with regards to transparency, light transmittance, puncture resistance, and puncture deformation. Based on these findings, HT films show improved physical and mechanical properties and, therefore, are more suitable for food-packaging applications.

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