Investigation of In-ovo cytogenetic effect of Levofloxacin

This study was carried out to investigate the cytogenetic effect of Levofloxacin after In-ovo inoculation. Forty eight fertilized eggs were used, divided equally into eight groups and inoculated through shell puncture above air cell with materials in equestion and incubated for two different periods three and seven days. They were assigned as group one and group two 10 µg Levofloxacin, group three and group four 20µg levofloxacin, group five and group six considered positive control 0.05 µg Mitomycin-C, group seven and group eight (Phosphate Buffer Saline) considered negative control groups. All eggs from in-ovo experiments were subjected to cytogenetic tests, such as Mitotic Index, Replicative Index and Sister Chromatid exchange. Eighty fertilized eggs were handled with the same manner of in-ovo inoculation and used for calculation Hatchability index and weekly body weight. The results revealed significant (P˂0.05) increases in Mitotic Index and Replicative Index of all groups treated with levofloxacin compared to positive control, but there were significant (P˂0.05) decreases compared to control negative. There were no significant changes in Sister Chromatid exchange of all treated levofloxacin in–ovo. The hatchability index revealed significant (P˂0.05) decreases in group three which was inoculated 20 µg levofloxacin after three days of incubation compared to all Levofloxacin treated groups and both positive and negative control groups. In conclusion, levofloxacin in–ovo inoculation has no substantial cytogenetic effects.

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In Ovo β-Alanin Solüsyonu Alan Yeni Çıkmış Etlik Piliç Civcivlerinde Kuluçka Randımanı, Bazı Kuluçka Parametreleri, Kalite Skoru ve Yaşama Gücü

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v6i10.1469-1473.2083 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 1469

Author(s):

Canan Kop Bozbay ◽

Ahmet Akdağ ◽

Helin Atan ◽

Nuh Ocak

Keyword(s):

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Quality Score ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

In Ovo ◽

Broiler Breeder ◽

Death Rates ◽

Chick Quality

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of In ovo injection of β-Alanine which is a modified form of the alanine amino acid on hatchability, hatching weight, chick quality score and survival in broiler breeder eggs. For this purpose, 120 fertile eggs from Ross 308 breeder (32-week-old) were allocated randomly to four groups with 3 replicates. Except the negative control group eggs (non injected; NC), to the amniotic fluid of the eggs in the other 3 groups were injected with 1 ml solutions 0.9% salt (Positive control, PK), 0.75% (0.75βA) or 1.5% (1.5βA) by using 19 mm and 27 gauge needle. Death rates at the different stages of embryonic development, hatching yield, weights and quality scores of chicks and mortalities were recorded at hatching day. Hatching weight of the chicks in the 0.75βA group was higher than other two control groups. Accessing feed, determined as an indicator of chick quality, was better in the 0.75βA group. Conversely, mobility score of chicks in the NC group was higher than other groups. Hatching yield, chick quality score and mortalities of the first week were not affected from In ovo βA injection. Results of this study demonstrated that In ovo βA injection can be used up to 1.5% without any deteriorations on weight, quality and mortalities of chicks but 0.75% βA injection induced better hatching characteristics.

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Cytogenetic effects of oral Contraceptive pills during pregnancy on some aspects of fetus and newborn in mice

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2013.7.3.274 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 16-22

Author(s):

Saeed B. T. ◽

B. M. Al-Juboori ◽

Al-Nida S. M.

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Mitotic Index ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Cytogenetic Effects

The cytogenetic effects of taking oral contraceptive pills OCPs that contain steroid hormones (estrogen and progesterone) during pregnancy on some aspects of fetus and newborn have been previously reviewed. The objectives of this study are to detect the effect of using different doses of progestin and estrogen by pregnant female mice on the chromosomal aberration CAs and mitotic index MI in their male fetuses. Thirty female mice were divided equally into three major groups: two experimental G1 and G2 and control group according to the level of the dose. Administration of COCPs (either 0.034 or 0.068 mg/kg b. wt. /d dissolved with 0.1ml distilled water) orally once a day, were started at the first day of gestation and continued till day 14 for the experimental groups G1and G2 respectively. When the new pups in each experimental and control group reach two weeks of age, those male offspring 10animals/ group were used for chromosome preparation, while the control group divided into two groups: ten animals represented a negative control given distilled water only, while the other ten animals injected intra peritoneal with mitomycin–C 2mg/Kg represented positive control (once dose). The statistical analysis of mice bone marrow cells have no significant decrease in the mitotic index of the pups belongs to G1 mothers in comparison with negative control group, but it shows a highly significant differences P<0.01 as compared with that of positive control group . Although the pups belong to G2 mothers showed a slight decrease in the mitotic index in comparison with negative control group. Differences were non- significant with negative control and highly significant P<0.01 with positive control group. In addition, the mitotic index of spleen cells of the pups belongs to G1 mothers noticed no significant decrease in comparison with negative control group, however, it shows a significant differences P< 0.05 as compared with positive control group. In the pups belongs to G2 mothers there were significant decrease P< 0.05 in mitotic index in comparison with negative and positive control groups. The results showed that the COCPs caused an increase in chromosomal aberrations CAs with increasing of steroid hormones concentration. In G1 group the CA equal to 19.91%. This reducing in CA was not significant in comparison with those of the negative control which gave 14.33%; this percentage was increased in the result of CAs of the mice treated with mitomycin –C (MMC) which was 48.58%. Treatment with 0.068 mg/kg B wt. of COCPs gave CA equal to 17.18%. This value was not significant in comparison with those of the negative control which was 19.91%. Higher doses of OCPs may cause cytogenetic effects in chromosomal aberrations CAs and decrease the mitotic index (MI) in the bone marrow cells and spleen cells of offspring belonged to mothers treated with oral contraceptive during their pregnancy for 14 days.

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Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Mohammed M. Qaid ◽

Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽

Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽

Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽

Hani H. Albaadani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Serum Globulin ◽

Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

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Effects of in ovo injection of carbohydrates, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and vitamins on ostrich organ weight, bone characteristics, and small intestinal morphology

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2017-0167 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 116-122

Author(s):

Akbar Zamani ◽

Farid Shariatmadari ◽

Shaban Rahimi ◽

Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi

Keyword(s):

Relative Weight ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Liver Glycogen ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Villus Height ◽

In Ovo ◽

In Ovo Injection ◽

Dry Bone

A total of 144 ostrich eggs (24 per group) were injected with 4 mL of physiological saline solution [positive control (PC)], carbohydrates (CHO — 20% maltose, 2.5% sucrose, and 2.5% dextrin), β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), vitamin B6 solution, and vitamin D3 (vit D3) solution at 38 d of incubation. Injection of 4 mL physiological saline decreased the hatchability compared with negative control (NC) group (not injected eggs) (68.5% vs. 71.7%; P < 0.05). There was also lower hatchability and more number of embryonic deaths before piping in vitamin-injected group (72.2%). Heart, gizzard, pancreas, spleen and thymus, ileum, cecum, and rectum relative weight were not significantly different among treatments at hatch (P > 0.05). Carbohydrates group had higher duodenum and jejunum relative weight, whereas NC and PC groups had the least duodenum, jejunum relative weight (P < 0.05). Vit D3 injection increased bone strength, fresh and dry bone relative weight (P < 0.01). Chicks from HMB and CHO group had the highest levels of glycogen in the livers, whereas PC, NC, and vit D3 exhibited very low levels of glycogen in their liver (P = 0.014). Vitamins in ovo injected groups had the least duodenum villus height and also vit D3 group had the least jejunum villus height (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the use of CHO for the in ovo injection of ostrich hatching eggs would be practical in industry due to improvement in hatchability, bone characteristics, small intestine villus height and capacity, and also liver glycogen sources.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Teripang Pasir terhadap Hambatan Pertumbuhan Shigella Dysentriae Secara In Vitro

Hang Tuah Medical journal ◽

10.30649/htmj.v18i1.239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

FERIZAL NEGERI SAMUDRA ◽

RETNO BUDIARTI ◽

IRMAWATI IRMAWATI

Keyword(s):

Sea Cucumber ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Diarrhea Disease

ABSTRACTBackground; In Indonesia, most diarrhea disease in 1995 to 2001 are caused by Shigella spp. Shigella spp infection can cause various symptom dan complication. Generally, the treatment by using antibiotic can cause antibiotic resistance. Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) is an herb that known, available, and easy to consume by society and has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, further research to study the effect of Holoturia Scabra on Shigella Dysentriae growth in vitro is needed.Objectives: The goal of this research is demonstrate the effect of sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) to the growth of the Shigella dysentriae bacteria in vitro.Method: The method in this research is Posttest Only Control Group. There are 6 groups, 4 types of and 2 control groups. The concentration of the treatment group is 100%,50%, 25%, and, 12.5% while for positive control tests using chloramphenicol and aquadest as a negative control.Result: The result showed there is an influence on the intake of sand cucumber to the growth of the Shigella dysenteriae.Conclusion: Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) inhibit the growth of Shigella dysenteriae.Key words: Shigella dysenteriae, sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra), antibacterial

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Application of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. Reduce Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-1β in Sprague Dawley Mice Suffering from Mastitis

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2020.4363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (A) ◽

pp. 423-427

Author(s):

Prihantono Prihantono ◽

Salman Ardi Syamsu ◽

Nilam Smaradhania ◽

Mardiana Ahmad ◽

Nurul Aini Siagian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Positive Control ◽

Mean Value ◽

Negative Control ◽

Interleukin 1Β ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

The Mean

BACKGROUND: Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue, usually caused by bacteria. Mastitis stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines. The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a crucial mediator of the inflammatory response. This cytokine has adverse effects of hosting immunity that mediates resistance to pathogens and also exacerbates damage during chronic disease and acute tissue injury. Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. has been used as an ethnomedicine for healing sores in several provinces in Indonesia. AIM: This study aimed to assess the profile of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β through the treatment effect of leaf extracts of S. taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. as adjuvant for healing mastitis. METHODS: This study was a true control group experiment using the pre-test-post-test control design aimed to measure the effect of hydroalcoholic compounds in leaf extracts of S. taccada on the systemic pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The treated animals were 18 mice of Sprague Dawley strain induced by Staphylococcus aureus. These treated mice were divided into three groups in which each group consisted of six mice. The mice in the Group I (negative control) were given 1 ml aquabides/250 g body weight, those in the Group II (positive control) were delivered with 9.6 mg/ml amoxicillin/250 g body weight, and those in the Group III (experimental) were given 9.6 mg amoxicillin/250 g body weight + 400 mg/ml leaf extracts of S. taccada/g body weight for 5 days, respectively. Pathological examinations were carried out from the inflamed tissues to prove the healing process of the treated mice. IL-1Β levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc tests. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences of IL-1β levels after the administration of leaf extracts of S. taccada among all the treated mice groups at p < 0.05. The Group III had the lowest IL-1β level with the mean value ± 1.45 pg/ml compared to the IL-1β level in the Group II (positive control) with the mean value ± 3.82 pg/ml and the IL-1β level in the Group I (negative control) with the with mean value ± 5.22 pg/ml. The pathological analysis of breast tissues of the treated mice proved that leaf extracts of S. taccada (Gaertn Roxb.) could reduce damaged tissues, cellular infiltration, and subcutaneous edema induced by this pathogenic microorganism. CONCLUSION: Leaf extracts of S. taccada had a significant function as adjuvant for healing mastitis by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK AKAR PASAK BUMI (EURYCOMA LONGIFORA JACK) TERSTANDAR TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIK TESTIS TIKUS WISTAR

Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan ◽

10.26753/jikk.v13i3.230 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Condro Suro Miyarso ◽

Tri Cahyani Widiastuti ◽

Naelaz Zukhruf Wakhidatul Kiromah

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Testosterone Level ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Male Rats ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Group Iii ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia ◽

Group I ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia Jack

The root of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia, Jack) is one of plant from Indonesia known as aphrodisiac. The study about its standardized extract as aphrodisiac was show increasing libido, testosterone level, FSH and LH on male rats. This study was conducted to evaluate testosterone level and histopathological changes of the testes of male rats of standardized extract of pasak bumi root. There are 50 old male rats which ages 3-4 months old divided to five groups. Group I as negative control was administered aquadestilata. Group II as positive control was administered testosterone (Andriol®). Group III, IV and V ware given standardized extract of pasak bumi root at the dose 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight Respectively. The extract was given orally twice a day for six days and forty nine days and then the testes was taken out on 7th and 50th day. The histopathological of the testes was evaluated using quantitative parameter by the presence of testes weight, number and diameter of Leydig cells. Testosterone level was taken on 7th and 50th day used ELISA method. The results were analyzed using parametric test, one way ANOVA (P<0,05), post hoc Dunnet (2-sided) (P < 0,05). The result of this study shows that the standardized extract of pasak bumi root was not effect on histopathological changes of the testes but it could increased the level of testosterone m at the dose 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Key word : Eurycoma longifolia, Jack, aphrodisiac, histopathological testes testosteron

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Response of broiler chicks to L-Glutamine feeding in the immediate pre- and post-hatch periods

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v50i6.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

Author(s):

S. Karamik ◽

C. Kop-Bozbay

Keyword(s):

Digestive System ◽

Muscle Development ◽

System Development ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Villus Height ◽

In Ovo ◽

Small Intestinal

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo and post-hatching supplementation with L-Glutamine (Gln) on hatching characteristics, performance, small intestinal morphology, and muscle development of broilers. At day 18 of incubation, 960 fertilized eggs were allocated to four treatments with six replicates. Eggs were i) not injected (negative control) (NC), ii) subject to the standard incubation procedure (PG), iii) injected with 1 ml sterile solution with 0.9% salt (positive control) (PC), and iv) injected with 1% Gln solution (IG). On hatching, the SC chicks were fed with 1% Gln for seven days. The remaining chicks were fed a commercial starter feed. After hatching, there were six replicates of 28 birds in each treatment. Hatchability and yolk sac weight were lower and yolk-free chick weight (YFCW), whole gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and breast muscle weights were higher at hatching for chicks from the IG treatment. At 42 days old, feed conversation ratio (FCR) was lower in birds that had Gln added to their diet than for the other treatments. The FCR was also lower in IG birds than birds in the NC group. The GIT weight, villus height, villus width and crypt depth of the birds receiving dietary supplementation of Gln were greater than those of birds in PC and IG. Thus, in ovo injection of Gln improved hatching characteristics except for hatchability. Further, in ovo and dietary Gln administration reduced FCR by stimulating digestive system development.

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RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKEN TO INOVO ADMINISTRATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ROSEMARY OIL(ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS)

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v52i4.1397 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 896-903

Author(s):

Sulaiman & Tayeb

Keyword(s):

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

In Ovo ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Rosemary Oil ◽

In Ovo Injection ◽

Hatching Eggs ◽

Positive Effect

This study was conducted to determine the percentage of hatchability, post-hatch growth performance, immune response of broiler subjected to in- ovo injection of different doses of rosemary oil. A total of 300 eggs of ross broiler strain were obtained.The experiment distributed into five treatment groups: T1, Negative Control T2, positive control (in ovo injection of 0.05 ml distilled water) T3, in ovo injection of 0.05ml of rosemary oil; T4, in ovo injection of 0.075 ml of rosemary oil; T5, in ovo injection of 0.1 ml of rosemary oil.Highest hatchability percentage was shown in 0.1ml rosemary oil -injected hatching eggs. The final weight of birds from 0.075 and 0.1 ml of rosemary oil-injected eggs was significantly (P < 0.05) highest through the experiment. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were improved with in ovo administration of rosemary oil at 0.075 and 0.1 ml doses. In addition, the level of blood cholesterol and blood glucose were decreased (p<0.05) in birds from rosemary oil-injected eggs. The obtained data showed a positive effect of in-ovo injection of rosemary oil on stimulating bird's immunity.

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Effect of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose and Sorbitol on Anti-Peptic Ulcer Activity of Anredera cordifolia Leaves Extract

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research ◽

10.15416/pcpr.v4i1.21392 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Maria Ulfah ◽

Revika Rachmaniar ◽

Egi MR. Sudrajat ◽

Rida W. Fadla ◽

Hary S. Pinuji

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Peptic Ulcer ◽

Normal Control ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Negative Controls

Anredera cordifolia or binahong is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants that is used to treat peptic ulcer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and sorbitol on anti-peptic ulcer activity of A. cordifolia leaves extracts in male Wistar rats. The plants were extracted using decoction method and freeze dried. Three liquid formulas were used i.e., i) a combination of sodium CMC and sorbitol; ii) only sorbitol; iii) extract only. The rats were divided into 6 groups, i.e., positive control (sucralfate 35 mg/kg body weight); negative control (80% ethanol); normal control; and 3 formulas. After the administration of the liquid formula, all groups, except normal control, were given 80% ethanol (l5 ml/kg body weight) to induce peptic ulcer. Antipeptic ulcer activity was evaluated using direct observation on rats gastric mucosa, and histopathology assessment. The result showed that the strongest anti-peptic ulcer was shown by sorbitol only (96.95% inhibition), followed by the combination of sodium CMC and sorbitol (92.68% inhibition). The formula which only contained extract showed only 31.70% inhibition. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between formula 1 and 2 with negative controls. In conclusion, A. cordifolia leaves extract with the addition of sorbitol showed the strongest anti-peptic ulcer activity. Keyword: Anredera cordifolia, peptic ulcer, suspense, Wistar rat.

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