scholarly journals Protective effect of Solanum melongena (garden egg), Solanum lycopersicum (tomatoes), Daucus carota subsp. sativus (carrot) extracts on some electrolytes and renal biomarkers of lead induced toxicity in albino wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-391
Author(s):  
Ini P Ekpe ◽  
Dennis Amaechi ◽  
Chiwendu Eucharia Obeleagu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact

The impact of lead toxicity was assessed in this study by analyzing the effects of the extracts on some electrolytes, urea and creatinine concentration. Thirty-five male wistar rats (150+50g) were distributed into five groups with seven rats in each group. Extraction and all biochemical analysis were carried out using standard laboratory techniques. Group one served as control, group two as test and were exposed to lead acetate only. Groups three, four and five were treatment groups, administered carrot and garden egg, carrot and tomato, garden egg, carrot and tomato respectively. All groups received feed and water ad libitum. Lead Acetate solution was administered orally at 50mg/kg body weight while 200mg/kg body weight received mixed juicy extract. On day 15, food was withdrawn, fasted overnight with free access to water. They were euthanized under chloroform vapor and sacrificed. Whole blood was collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. There was significant (P<0.05) decrease in potassium and chloride ion in group 2 (test group), compared to the control and treatment groups. Concentration of urea and creatinine in the test group was significantly higher compared with the other groups. Concentration of creatinine in group 3 and 5 significantly increased compared to control group. Effect of lead acetate was significantly reversed in group 5 compared to group 2. The results of the study indicate the potency of plants extracts against toxicity caused by the lead acetate. Flavonoids, saponins, tannins and alkaloids were present in the extracts.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective and Hematological Effects of Solanum melongena (Garden Egg), Solannum lycopersicum (Tomato) and Daucus carrots Subsp. Sativus (Carrot) Extracts against Lead Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Dennis Amaechi ◽  
I. P. Ekpe ◽  
E. D. Edet ◽  
M. C. Madu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background of the Study: Lead effects were assessed by analyzing the impacts of the extract on the liver enzyme concentrations and hematology parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty five male wistar rats weighing 85-110 g were distributed into five groups consisting of seven rats each. Group I served as control group, group II served as the test group, groups III, IV and V served as treatment groups. Lead acetate solution was given to the rats orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight and 200 mg/kg of fruit extracts for 14 days. On day 15, biochemical analysis were carried out. Results: Effects of extracts showed that ALT,AST and ALP concentration in group II was observed to be significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control and treatment groups with values. The hematology results showed that lead did not cause a significant reduction in the packed cell volume, white blood cell and red blood cell counts. However, the group treated with carrot and garden egg showed slight increase in RBC and WBC count when compared with the positive and negative control groups. Conclusion: From the results above, it showed that the fruits extract have hematopoietic potentials and hence aid in the hepatoprotection of the liver of lead induced Wistar rats.

Berberis vulgaris L. effects on oxidative stress and liver injury in lead-intoxicated mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawhar Laamech ◽  
Jaouad El-Hilaly ◽  
Hamadi Fetoui ◽  
Yassine Chtourou ◽  
Hanane Gouitaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mice Liver

AbstractBackgroundL. (BV), commonly known as “MethodsSixty IOPS mice were divided into six groups and were treated as follows: group 1 (normal control) received double distilled water; group 2 (toxic control) received lead acetate (5 mg/kg body weight/day) in double distilled water for 40 days; groups 3–6 received BV aqueous extract at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight , respectively, once daily for 30 days from 11 day after beginning of lead acetate exposure to the end of the experiment.ResultsToxic control group showed a significant alteration of serum alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), total bilirubin (TB), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Histological assessment of lead-intoxicated mice liver revealed alterations in hepatocytes and focal necrosis. BV treatment significantly prevented lead accumulation, increased ALT, AST, TC, and TB, inhibited lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls(PCO) formation. Additionally, BV extract normalized the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx), GSH and architecture of liver tissues.ConclusionsBV aqueous extract exerts significant hepatoprotective effects against lead-induced oxidative stress and liver dysfunction. The BV effect may be mediated through the enhancement of antioxidant status, lead-chelating abilities and free radicals quenching.

Exploring the Effect of Terminalia Catappa Fruit Extract in Rheumatoid Arthritis: an Evaluation of Behavioural, Hematologiocal and Histopathological Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan Behl ◽  
Rashita Makkar ◽  
Sandeep Arora
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Joint Tissue ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Terminalia Catappa

Background and Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by failure of spontaneous resolution of inflammation with lifetime perseverance, becoming principal cause of inactivity. Many conventional therapies are in use but the side effects associated with them are equally problematic. Therefore an urge to explore advanced therapeutic approaches with least adverse events has seeded the idea of discovering newer herbal drugs and their respective constituents in management of RA. The current research explores anti-arthritic activity of Terminalia catappa fruits hydroalcoholic extract in CFA induced Wistar rats. Methods: The fruits were obtained, washed, dried and processed to obtain hydroalcoholic powdered extract which was dissolved in water and given orally to the rats. Wistar rats of either sex were used in the study. The animals were injected with 0.1 ml of complete freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in footpad of left hind paw. The treatment was initiated from day 0 by oral dosing of Terminalia catappa fruit extract in doses of 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg followed by CFA administration to day 21 and behavioral, hematological parameters besides histopathological screening were assessed simultaneously. Results: The arthritic symptoms were observed to gradually decrease in treatment groups when compared against disease control groups. The parameters like body weight and pain latency were increased whereas paw volume and arthritic score were found to significantly decrease in treatment groups as compared to disease control group. The hematological parameters were also modified and were studied in treatment groups. The histopathological estimation depicted extent of damage in joint tissue of diseased rat comparable to normal, standard and combination therapy group. Conclusion: The fruits possess anti-arthritic properties and significantly reduced paw volume, arthritic score and increased pain threshold and body weight gain besides theory hematological effects like increase in Hb and RBC and decrease in WBC, platelets and ESR levels simultaneously. The histopathological estimation confirmed decreased deterioration of joint tissue in treatment groups as compared to disease control group hence proving to be an emerging therapeutic option in management of RA.

scholarly journals Histological and hormonal studies of calabash chalk on ovarian function in adult female wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
A. Oyewopo ◽  
K. Obasi ◽  
K. Anumudu ◽  
E. Yawson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Introduction: Calabash chalk is a naturally occurring mineral, chiefly composed of fossilized sea shells. It is prepared from clay and mud mixed with other ingredients, including lead, arsenic, sand and wood ash. Clay consumption is correlated with pregnancy, and also to eliminate morning sickness in women. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of calabash chalk on the ovarian function in adult female Wistar rats. Methods: Eighteen (18) adult female Wistar rats. Group A served as the control group, group B received 40 mg/kg body weight of Non-salted calabash chalk while group C received 40 mg/kg body weight of Salted calabash chalk for 14 days. On day 15, the animals were sacrificed for histological and biochemical examination. Results: Results showed a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels of the treatment groups when compared with the control group and an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) levels of the treatment groups when compared with the control group. Histological examination of the ovaries showed severe deterioration of the ovarian follicles, necrosis and follicular atresia. Conclusion: Calabash chalk is toxic to ovarian function. These alterations have been shown to be the leading cause ofinfertility in female rats. Hence, proper monitoring, education, and regulation of the product is needed.

scholarly journals Effects of Oral Administration of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on Obesity in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 879-882
Author(s):  
Mulyati Sri Rahayu ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Yuziani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely employed food enhancers. Although the umami compound, controversy persists regarding the effects of MSG intake on body weight. Chronic MSG intake may result in excessive body weight gain and obesity. Consumption of MSG result in organ damage, cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, and also risk factors for obesity. This study aims to determine the effect of oral MSG on obesity in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: This true experimental study used the post-test control group design. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (received distilled water), Group 1 (MSG 0.378 mg/gr BW), Group 2 (0.756 mg/gr BW) and Group 3 (1.512 mg/gr BW). The obesity parameter was obtained by the Lee index. Kruskal-Wallis test follows by Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the Lee index between groups.Results: Lee’s index mean for each group was 358.4%, 314.1%, 287.8%, and 320.9%, respectively. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significant difference in the Lee index between groups (p = 0.043). A follow-up test using Mann-Whitney found a significant difference between group 2 and the control group (p = 0.043, p <0.05). The mean of Lee index of group 2 was 70.51% lower than the control group.Conclusion: This study concluded that Lee index was not increased in MSG-treated rats than in the control group after oral MSG intervention for 21 days.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Effect of Methanolic Extract of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind on Prednisolone Suppressed Immunity in Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nyejirime Young Wike ◽  
Mobisson Samuel Kelechi ◽  
Godspower Onyeso ◽  
Okekem Amadi ◽  
Elizabeth Eepho Krukru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Watermelon Rind ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Citrullus lanatus thumb (Cucurbitaceae) commonly called watermelon is widely consumed in this part of the world as food and medicine. This study was carried out to examine the effect of methanolic extract of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind on prednisolone suppressed immunity in male wistar rats. A total of 20 male wistar rats weighing 150-294g were used in 4 groups with five rats each. Group 1, the control group was given distilled water and feed, Group 2 was given 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of watermelon rind, Group 3 rats were given 2.5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone and Group 4 rats were given 2.5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone and 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of watermelon rind. Prednisolone and the methanolic extract of watermelon rind were administered orally for a period of 30 days. Blood samples were collected by cardio puncture from the rats for white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, and granulocyte and monocyte counts at the end of the experiment.  The data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA (Analysis of variance). Data were considered significant at p<0.05. The results obtained showed that methanolic extract of watermelon rind caused a significant increasen in immune function of rats when compared with the control and immune suppressed rats.

scholarly journals Effects of Methanolic Root Extract of Holarrhena floribunda on the Lipid Profile and Sex Hormones in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dennis, Amaechi ◽  
E. O. Udosen ◽  
V. S. Ekam ◽  
I. P. Ekpe
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: This study aims to determine the effects of methanolic root extract of Holarrehna floribunda on the level of some serum sex hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and lipid profile in Wistar rats.   Materials and Methods: Twenty- four male and female Wistar rats (150-250 g body weight) were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 (control male) took normal rat chow and drinking water. Group 2 (control female) took normal rat chow and drinking water, Group 3(Male test group), was administered with 200 mg/kg of Holarrehna floribunda extract, Group 4(Female test group), was administered with 200 mg/kg of Holarrehna floribunda. The feeding regimens lasted for 5weeks. Results: The values for the lipid profile shows CHOL in Group 1 and Group 3 were 4.02±0.41 mmol/l  and 5.75±0.09 mmol/l, Group 2 and Group 4 were 3.87±0.22 mmol/l  and 5.80±0.10 mmol/l  respectively, TRIG  for Group 1 and Group 3 were 1.30±0.05 mmol/l  and 2.11±0.15 mmol/l  for Groups 2 and 4 were 1.15±0.03 mmol/l  and (2.10±0.12 mmol/l,HDL-C for Groups 1 and 3 were 30.01±0.82 mg/dL  and 39.88± 1.24mg/dL,for Groups 2 and 4 were 29.98± 0.77 mg/dL  and 38.20± 1.83 mg/dL, LDL-C for Groups 1 and 3 were 2.26±0.37 mmol/L  and 4.17±0.35 mmol/L respectively, for Groups 2 and 4 were 3.27±0.47 mmol/L  and 4.06±0.21 mmol/L  respectively, shows significant increase(p<0.05) in HDL-C (mg/dL) in Groups 1,2,3 and 4.The values obtained showed significant increase (p<0.05) in HDL-C (mg/dL) in Groups 1,2,3and 4The serum concentrations of FSH, Estradiol, LH and progesterone in the control Group 2 were 0.38 ±0.07mIU/mL, 7.83±0.35 mIU/mL, 15.50±0.15 Pg/mL and 0.86±0.03 ng/mL respectively, and in test Group 4 were 0.77±0.04mIU/mL, 8.75±0.17 mIU/mL, 21.09±0.79 Pg/Ml 0.33±0.05 ng/mL. Follicle stimulating hormone levels was significantly higher (p<0.05) in test group compared with control. While in Group 1 and 3, the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and testosterone in control Group 1 were (0.51 ±0.06) mIU/mL, (16.44±0.31) mIU/mL and (8.41±0.50) ng/mL respectively and in test Group 3 were 0.88±0.06 mIU/mL19.88±1.46mIU/mL and10.68±0.64 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The extract improves the level of sex hormones in both the male and female rats.  which could enhance reproductive functions in normal rats and those with loss of reproductive function.

Effect of Weight on Flour Okra Wistar Diabetes Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukina B ◽  
Astati Astati ◽  
Ahmad Ahmad ◽  
Imanuddin Imanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
One Way Anova

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that continues to increase in volume and is one of the main threats to the health of mankind. okra has phenols and flavonoids that have antioxidant effects and anti-diabetic effects are quercetin-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl- (1 → 6) -SS-D-glucopyranoside and quercetin3-O-ß-D-4 '' - O-methyl-ß-D-glucopyranoside. This study aimed to determine the effect of flour weight okra against diabetic Wistar rats. This study was an experimental study using pre-post test design with control group design with simple random. The study population was a rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar male sex derived from animals that self-employed certified and provide health insurance in rats weighing 200 g-300 g (body weight adult). Random sampling of the population affordable. The results of this study indicate that the group average 1 BB increased by 1:56%, for the second group also increased by 1:40 BB% and in the control decreased by 1.49% BB. In group 1 and group 2 by treating starch suspension okra medium dose and high-dose, both an increase in weight by 3:00 grams. In the third group as the control group experienced a weight loss of 3 grams. The increase in mean body weight between the groups using the paired t test. Analysis to test different between groups by one-way ANOVA or one-way ANOVA. Results showed no effect of okra powder on body weight in diabetic Wistar rats between the control group and the treatment group. Keywords : Okra, weight, diabetes.

Effects of the Methanol Leaf Extract Of Chromolaena Odorata on Blood Lipids and the Histology of the Kidney in Salmonella Typhi Infected Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 20239-20250
Author(s):  
Isirima, Joshua Charles ◽  
Siminialayi, Iyeopu Minakiri
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 2

Infection with Salmonella typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever is said to be associated with dyslipidemia. This study evaluated the effects of Chromolaena odorata on the lipid profile and histology of the kidneys in Salmonella typhi infected Wistar rats. The animals were divided into six groups: group 1 was normal control, group 2 was infected with Salmonella typhi without treatment, groups 3, 4 and 5 were Salmonella typhi infected and treated with 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the extract, respectively, and group 6 was infected and treated with 500mg/70kg of ciprofloxacin. The animals were inoculated with a single infectious dose of Salmonella typhi bacteria and were subsequently, treated with graded doses of the methanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata and 500mg/70kg dose of ciprofloxacin for a period of seventeen days, when the animals were confirmed infected. The animals were humanely sacrificed using diethyl ether anesthesia and blood sample was collected for lipid profile investigation and the kidneys were harvested for histological examination. Chromolaena odorata administration reversed the dyslipidemia and histological changes induced by Salmonella typhi.

scholarly journals Effects of Alcohol and/or Tobacco Exposure on Spontaneous Alveolar Bone Loss in Rat

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Juan Rivera Oballe ◽  
Eduardo José Gaio ◽  
Tobias Spuldaro ◽  
Juliano Cavagni ◽  
Rosane Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Periodontal Breakdown ◽  
Group 2

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of alcohol and/or tobacco exposure on spontaneous alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats. Twenty-four, male, 60 day-old, Wistar rats were assigned to 4 groups: Group 1 received 10 mL/kg of glucose solution (5%). Group 2 received 2 g/kg alcohol (20%). Group 3 was exposed to tobacco smoke (6 cigarettes/60 min). Group 4 received both interventions of groups 2 and 3. Alcohol was given by gastric gavage and cigarette exposure was performed using a forced ventilation chamber. After 30 days, animals were sacrificed and the upper maxillae removed and defleshed. Morphometric analysis of alveolar bone loss (ABL) around the second molar was performed in standardized digital photographs. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and occurrence of spontaneous periodontal disease (ABL ≥ 0.39 mm) was analyzed by Fisher's exact test. Significant differences in body weight were observed between all groups. Group 2 presented higher body weight as compared to the 3 other groups at 4 weeks (p≤0.05). Mean ABL values were 0.31 mm (±0.08), 0.29 mm (±0.07), 0.33 mm (±0.10), and 0.33 mm (±0.08) for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. No significant differences were found among groups. In the analysis of occurrence of periodontal breakdown, alcohol exposure decreased the occurrence of ABL and cigarette exposure increased ABL. The combination of alcohol and cigarette exposure did not differ from the control group. Alcohol consumption decreased the occurrence of periodontal breakdown, while tobacco increased this rate.

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